Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker
bibliography
Oil painting of E. T. Whittaker in a suit
A 1933 portrait of Whittaker by Arthur Trevor Haddon titled Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker.
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Articles↙> 100
Books edited↙1
References and footnotes

Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker was a British mathematician, physicist, historian of science, and philosopher who authored three titles that remain in circulation over a century after their initial publications. His bibliography includes several books and over one hundred published papers on a variety of subjects, including mathematics, astronomy, mathematical physics, theoretical physics, philosophy, and theism. Whittaker's bibliography in the Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society categorises his publications into three categories: books and monographs, maths and physics articles, and biographical articles; the bibliography excludes works published in popular magazines like Scientific American.[1] The bibliography includes eleven total books and monographs, fifty-six maths and physics articles, thirty-five philosophy and history articles, and twenty-one biographical articles.[1] In the bibliography compiled by William Hunter McCrea in 1957, there are thirteen books and monographs and the same journal articles; McCrea counts all three volumes of A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity as separate books and excludes the same papers.[2] Whittaker's contributions to Scientific American include two book reviews and a popular article on mathematics.

John Lighton Synge reviewed ten of Whittaker's papers when he wrote about Whittaker's contributions to electromagnetism and general relativity.[3] Among other tributes as part of the same memorial volume of the Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society, George Frederick James Temple wrote about Whittaker's work on harmonic functions, and Alexander Aitken wrote about Whittaker's work on algebra and numerical analysis. Whittaker also published several biographical articles, including one for Albert Einstein written just a few months before his death.

Books

Textbook cover of A Course of Modern Analysis
Cover of a 1996 reprint to the fourth edition of the classic textbook A Course of Modern Analysis by Whittaker and George Neville Watson.
Textbook cover of Analytical Dynamics of Particles and Rigid BOdies
Cover of a 1989 reprint of the fourth edition of the textbook Analytical Dynamics of Particles and Rigid Bodies.
Cover of the 1910 book A History of the Theories of Aehter and Electricity
Cover of a 2011 reprint Whittaker's 1910 book A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity, From the Age of Descartes to the Close of the Nineteenth Century.

Whittaker wrote three scientific treatises that were highly influential in their fields, A Course of Modern Analysis, Analytical Dynamics of Particles and Rigid Bodies, and The Calculus of Observations.[4] In 1956, Gerald James Whitrow stated that two of these books, Modern Analysis and Analytical Dynamics, were not only required reading for British mathematicians but were regarded as fundamental components of their personal libraries.[5] Despite the success of these textbooks, the second edition of A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity has been called Whittaker's magnum opus.[6][5][7] Due to the title's popularity, William Hunter McCrea predicted that future readers would have a hard time acknowledging it was the result of just "a few years at both ends of a career of the highest distinction in other pursuits."[8] Whittaker also wrote The theory of optical instruments during his time as Royal Astronomer of Ireland and wrote several other books on various subjects throughout his career.[4]

Whittaker & Watson

Whittaker was the original author of the textbook A Course of Modern Analysis, first published in 1902.[publication 1] The book was reviewed by George Ballard Mathews,[9] Arthur Stafford Hathaway,[10] and Maxime Bôcher,[11] among others. The book's later editions were written in collaboration with Whittaker's former student George Neville Watson, resulting in the textbook taking the famous colloquial name Whittaker & Watson, published in 1915,[publication 2] 1920,[publication 3] and 1927.[publication 4] Reviewers of the book's later editions include Philip Jourdain,[12] Eric Harold Neville,[13] and Dorothy Maud Wrinch.[14] The book is subtitled an introduction to the general theory of infinite processes and of analytic functions; with an account of the principal transcendental functions and is a classic textbook in mathematical analysis.[15]

Analytical Dynamics of Particles and Rigid Bodies

Whittaker's second major work, A Treatise on the Analytical Dynamics of Particles and Rigid Bodies, was first published in 1904[publication 5] and quickly became a classic textbook in its subject.[16] The book went through four editions, published in 1917,[publication 6] 1927,[publication 7] and 1937.[publication 8] It has remained in circulation for over a hundred years.[16] The book represented the forefront of development at the time of publication; many reviewers noted it contained material otherwise non-existent in the English language.[16] The book has received acclaim from sources other than book reviews as well, including physicist Victor Lenzen, who said in 1952 that the book was "still the best exposition of the subject on the highest possible level".[17] One hundred and ten years after its initial publication, a 2014 "biography" of the book's development noted that the book remained influential as more than a "historical document".[16]

A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity, From the Age of Descartes to the Close of the Nineteenth Century

Whittaker's third major work, A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity, From the Age of Descartes to the Close of the Nineteenth Century, was published in 1910.[publication 9] The book gives a detailed account of the history of electromagnetism and aether theories from René Descartes to Hendrik Lorentz and Albert Einstein, including the contributions of Hermann Minkowski and a chapter each devoted to Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell. The book was well received and is an authoritative reference work in the history of physics; the title established Whittaker as a respected historian of science.[18] Pending the release of a second edition, the book remained out of print for many years, though it is now free to be reprinted in the United States, as it qualifies as public domain. Dover Publications released a reprint of the book in 1989.[publication 10] Along with several others, Edwin Bidwell Wilson reviewed the treatise in 1913.[19]

The Calculus of Observations or A Short Course in Interpolation

Whittaker's fourth major work, The Calculus of Observations a Treatise on Numerical Analysis, coauthored with George Robinson,[publication 11] was a pioneering textbook in numerical analysis that was originally published in 1923 and provides an introduction to methods of practical computation.[20] The first four chapters, on interpolation, were published separately under A Short Course in Interpolation,[publication 12] in 1924.[21] The book went through four total editions,[publication 13][publication 14] with the fourth in 1944.[publication 15] The book received positive reviews upon its initial release.[22] It was reviewed by William Fleetwood Sheppard,[21][23] Lewis Fry Richardson,[24] and Jack Howlett,[25] among others.[26][27][28][29] Several of the book's reviewers found that it was advanced and intended mostly for mathematicians.[21][28][24] Some reviewers also noted that the book was the first to be devoted fully to the subject in the English language.[21][29] Forty-three years after its initial publication, Jack Howlett reviewed a reprint of the fourth edition by Dover Publications[publication 16] in 1969 in a comparison of the book with two newer works.[25] He wrote that "one can hardly call it a modern book" and noted that the book had changed relatively little since its original print in 1924 and from the lectures that Whittaker delivered at the Edinburgh Mathematical Laboratory between 1913 and 1923.[25] He went on to remark that there are only a few useful chapters in the book concerning the calculus of finite differences and its applications, including interpolation and difference formulae, but that the rest of the book seemed "completely outmoded".[25]

Philosophy of Arthur Eddington

Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington, one of Whittaker's former students, held philosophical views similar to Whittaker's.[30][31] At the end of his career, Whittaker was influenced by the philosophical ideas Eddington had advocated for and, in addition to editing the latter's Fundamental Theory, he published several articles and books exploring the topic.[32] Whittaker's presentation at the 1947 Tarner Lecture was published as From Euclid to Eddington by the Cambridge University Press and his other book on the topic, Eddington's principle in the philosophy of science, was published two years later.

Fundamental Theory

Whittaker edited Arthur Eddington's Fundamental Theory, which was published posthumously in 1946 by the Cambridge University Press.[publication 17] Eddington died in November 1944 and Whittaker was given the task of editing and publishing the book, which was nearly complete.[32] The book received several reviews and responses,[33] including a review by William Hunter McCrea[34] and Clive W. Kilmister.[35] Kilmister later wrote a book on the topic, titled Eddington's search for a fundamental theory, which was published by Cambridge University Press in 1994,[36] and was itself reviewed by David Kaiser,[37] among others.[38][39][40]

From Euclid to Eddington : A study of the conceptions of the external world

Whittaker's philosophy book From Euclid to Eddington : A study of the conceptions of the external world was published in 1949 by the Cambridge University Press.[publication 18] The book is a published lecture originating from the 1947 Tarner Lecture at Trinity College, Cambridge.[32] The volume recounts the history of the theories of natural philosophy beginning with Euclid and stretching to Eddington, including the philosophical ideas of Plato, Aristotle, and Einstein.[32] The original edition of the book received reviews from Peter Bergmann,[41] Edward Arthur Milne,[42] and Israel Monroe Levitt.[43] A 1960 reprint of the book by Dover Publications has also received reviews.[44][45]

Eddington's principle in the philosophy of science

Whittaker spoke at the annual Arthur Stanley Eddington Memorial Lecture in 1952, which was subsequently published by American Scientist[publication 19] and Cambridge University Press.[publication 20] In the book's preface, Whittaker articulates Eddington's principle as "all the quantitative propositions of physics… may be deduced by logical reasoning from qualitative assertions".[30][31] One reviewer noted some caveats to the interpretation and stated that Eddington would not necessarily have been satisfied with this wording.[31] The work expounded on the principle, traced its development to Gottfried Leibniz, discussed its mathematical basis, and addresses potential objections.[30] Whittaker also describes Eddington's views on universal constants. and discusses their connection to the philosophy of religion.[30] William Hunter McCrea[30] and Thomas Cowling[31] reviewed the work in 1952.

A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity extended and revised edition

Whittaker published an extended and revised edition of his Theories of Aether in two volumes, with volume one in 1951[publication 21] and the second in 1953.[publication 22] Notwithstanding a notorious controversy on Whitaker's views on the history of special relativity, covered in volume two of the second edition, the books are considered authoritative references on the history of classical electromagnetism[46] as well as classic books in the history of physics.[47] The first volume, subtitled the classical theories, serves as a revised and updated edition of the original 1910 book.[48] Among others, Arthur Mannering Tyndall,[49] Carl Eckart,[50] Victor Lenzen,[51] William Hunter McCrea,[18] Julius Sumner Miller,[52] John Lighton Synge,[53] and Stephen Toulmin[54] reviewed the book. The second volume extended this work covering the years 1900 to 1926, including the early development of special relativity, general relativity, old quantum theory, and quantum mechanics. Among others, Max Born,[55] Freeman Dyson,[56] Rolf Hagedorn,[57] and Percy Williams Bridgman[58] reviewed the book. Whittaker's role in the relativity priority dispute centres on chapter two of the second volume, where he claims that Lorentz and Poincare had developed the theory of relativity before Einstein. Due to the controversy this sparked, the second volume is cited far less than the first volume and first edition, except in connection with the priority dispute.[59]

Other books and monographs

Title Subject Year Publication[2][1] Identifier Notes
Report on the progress of the solution of the problem of three bodies Physics—three-body problem 1899 British Association for the Advancement of Science[publication 23] Became the core of Whittaker's 1902 A Treatise on the Analytical Dynamics of Particles and Rigid Bodies.
The Theory of Optical Instruments
Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics, No. 7		 Physics—optics 1907 Cambridge University Press[publication 24] OCLC 976959487 Published review[60]
Prinzipien der Störungstheorie und allgemeine Theorie der Bahnkurven in dynamischen Problemen
[Principles of perturbation theory and general theory of trajectories in dynamic problem]		 Mathematics 1912 Klein's Encyclopedia of Mathematical Sciences[publication 25] In German
Introduction to a reprint of Isaac Newton's Opticks History 1931 Bell and Sons[publication 26] OCLC 1164453 Foreword written by Albert Einstein
The Beginning and End of the World
Delivered before the University of Durham at King's college, Newcastle upon Tyne in February 1942
Riddell Memorial Lecture of 1942		 Theology 1943 Oxford University Press[publication 27] OCLC 702585376 Published reviews[61][62]
Space and Spirit:
Theories of the Universe and the Arguments for the Existence of God		 Theology 1946 Thomas Nelson[publication 28] ISBN 978-1-258-91699-2 Published reviews[63][64][65]
The modern approach to Descartes' problem;
the relation of the mathematical and physical sciences to philosophy		 Philosophy—philosophy of science 1948 Thomas Nelson[publication 29] OCLC 4732609 Published reviews[66][67]

Articles

Whittaker wrote many maths, physics, and astronomy articles over his career in addition to many others in subjects like history, philosophy, and theism. He also wrote several popular articles in magazines such as Scientific American as well as several book reviews. Whittaker wrote over twenty biographical articles and obituaries throughout his life, including one for Albert Einstein just a few months before his own death.[68] John Lighton Synge reviewed ten of Whittaker's papers when he wrote about Whittaker's contributions to electromagnetism and general relativity.[3] Among other tributes as part of the same memorial volume of the Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society, George Frederick James Temple wrote about Whittaker's work on harmonic functions, and Alexander Aitken wrote about his work on algebra and numerical analysis.

Maths and science

Title Date Publication[2][1] Identifier Topic and notes
"On Lagrange's parentheses in the planetary theory" 1897 Messenger of Math[publication 30] Messenger of Mathematics, p. 141, at Google Books Dynamics.[69] Uses Lagrange brackets to obtain equations of the orbital motions of planets.[69]
"On the connexion of algebraic functions with automorphic functions" January 1898 Proc. R. Soc. Lond.[publication 31] doi:10.1098/rspl.1898.0033 Automorphic functions.[70][71] Reviewed by Robert Alexander Rankin in 1958.[70]
"On the reductions of the order of the differential equations of a dynamical system, by use of the integral of energy" 1900 Messenger of Math.[publication 32] Messenger of Mathematics, p. 93, at Google Books Dynamics.[69] Presents a general process of reducing the order of the differential equations of dynamical systems.[69]
"On periodic orbits" January 1902 Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.[publication 33] doi:10.1093/mnras/62.3.186 Dynamics.[69] Presented a new method for detecting periodic orbits.[69]
"On the solution of dynamical problems in terms of trigonometric series" 1902 Proc. London Math. Soc.[publication 34] Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, p. 206, at Google Books Hamiltonian dynamics.[69] Presents of transformation method for solving a set of Hamiltonians in terms of trigonometric series.[69]
"On periodic orbits in the restricted problem of three bodies" 1902 Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.[publication 35] doi:10.1093/mnras/62.5.346a Dynamics; three-body problem[69]
"Note on a function analogous to Weierstrass' Sigma-function" 1902 Messenger of Math.[publication 36] Messenger of Mathematics, p. 145, at Google Books Automorphic functions.[70][71] Reviewed by Robert Alexander Rankin in 1958.[70]
"On the General Solution of Laplace's Equation and the Equation of Wave Motions, and on an undulatory explanation of Gravity" July 1902 Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.[publication 37] doi:10.1093/mnras/62.9.617 Special functions of mathematical physics[72] Integral representations of harmonic functions.[73] Reviewed by George Frederick James Temple in 1958.[73] Note on a general solution of Laplace's equation.[72]
"On a new connexion of Bessel Functions with Legendre Functions" May 1903 Proc. London Math. Soc.[publication 38] doi:10.1112/plms/s1-35.1.198 Mathematical analysis.[74] Presents an integral expression for Bessel functions involving Legendre functions.[74]
"On the functions associated with the parabolic cylinder in harmonic analysis" May 1902 Proc. London Math. Soc.[publication 39] doi:10.1112/plms/s1-35.1.417 Special functions of mathematical physics.[72]
"An expression of certain known functions as generalized hypergeometric functions" 1903 Bull. Am. Math. Soc.[publication 40] doi:10.1090/S0002-9904-1903-01077-5 Special functions of mathematical physics.[72] Presented 31 August 1903 to the American Mathematical Society.
"On the partial differential equations of mathematical physics" September 1903 Mathematische Annalen[publication 41] doi:10.1007/BF01444290 Special functions of mathematical physics.[72] Integral representations of harmonic functions.[73] Reviewed by George Frederick James Temple in 1958.[73] Gave a general solution of Laplace's equation.[72]
"On an Expression of the Electromagnetic Field due to Electrons by Means of Two Scalar Potential Functions" January 1904 Proc. London Math. Soc.[publication 42] doi:10.1112/plms/s2-1.1.367 Electromagnetism.[75] His first paper over theoretical physics (aside from dynamics)[75]
"On the distribution of energy in the continuous spectrum" November 1906 Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.[publication 43] doi:10.1093/mnras/67.1.85 Theory of radiation.[76]
"On the resolving power of spectroscopes" November 1906 Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.[publication 44] doi:10.1093/mnras/67.1.88 Astronomy[77]
"On the theory of capillarity" July 1908 Proc. Royal Soc.[publication 45] doi:10.1098/rspa.1908.0060 Physics, capillary action.
"Sunspots and solar temperature" 1908 The Observatory[publication 46] Bibcode:1908Obs....31..372W Astronomy[77]
"On the variable RW. Cassiopeiæ"
Co-authored with C. Martin		 April 1911 Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.[publication 47] doi:10.1093/mnras/71.6.511 Observational astronomy[77]
"On the dynamical nature of the molecular vibrators which emit spectra of the banded type" June 1911 Proc. Royal Soc.[publication 48] doi:10.1098/rspa.1911.0038 Theory of radiation[76] Dynamics[69]
"On the law which governs the variations of SS Cygni" June 1911 Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.[publication 49] doi:10.1093/mnras/71.8.686 Observational astronomy[77]
"On the functions associated with the elliptic cylinder in harmonic analysis" 1912 Proc V Internat. Congr. Math.[publication 50] Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress of Mathematicians at the Internet Archive Special functions of mathematical physics.[72] Integral representations of harmonic functions.[73] Reviewed by George Frederick James Temple in 1958.[73]
"On the general solution of Mathieu's equation" February 1913 Proc. Edinburgh Math. Soc.[publication 51] doi:10.1017/S0013091500035069 Special functions of mathematical physics.[72] Integral representations of harmonic functions.[73] Reviewed by George Frederick James Temple in 1958.[73]
"On the continued fractions which represent the functions of Hermite and other functions defined by differential equations" February 1913 Proc. Edinburgh Math. Soc.[publication 52] doi:10.1017/S0013091500035057 Algebra and numerical analysis.[7][78] Reviewed by Alexander Aitken in 1958.[7]
"On an integral-equation whose solutions are the functions of Lamé" 1914 Proc. Royal Soc. Edinburgh[publication 53] doi:10.1017/S0370164600017697 Special functions of mathematical physics.[72]
"On Lamé's differential equation, and ellipsoidal harmonics" 1914 Proc. London Math. Soc.[publication 54] doi:10.1112/plms/s2_14.1.260 Special functions of mathematical physics.[72]
"On a class of Differential Equations whose solutions satisfy Integral Equations" February 1914 Proc. Edinburgh Math. Soc.[publication 55] doi:10.1017/S0013091500002297 Special functions of mathematical physics.[72] Integral representations of harmonic functions.[73] Reviewed by George Frederick James Temple in 1958.[73]
"On the functions represented by the expansions of the interpolation theory" 1915 Proc. Royal Soc. Edinburgh[publication 56] doi:10.1017/S0370164600017806 Interpolation theory.[79] Reviewed by George Frederick James Temple in 1956.[79]
"A simple monogram for the solution of quadratic equations" December 1915 Proc. Edinburgh Math. Soc.[publication 57] doi:10.1017/S1757748900001523 Algebra.[78] Paper reviewed by George Frederick James Temple in 1956.[78]
"On the theory of continued fractions" 1916 Proc. Royal Soc. Edinburgh[publication 58] doi:10.1017/S0370164600018277 Algebra and numerical analysis.[7][78] Reviewed by Alexander Aitken in 1958.[7]
"On the Latent Roots of Compound Determinants and Brill's Determinants" February 1916 Proc. Edinburgh Math. Soc.[publication 59] doi:10.1017/s0013091500029631 Algebra and numerical analysis.[7][78] Reviewed by Alexander Aitken in 1958.[7]
"On the adelphic integral of the differential equations of dynamics" 1917 Proc. Royal Soc. Edinburgh[publication 60] doi:10.1017/S037016460002352X Dynamics.[69] Paper reviewed by George Frederick James Temple in 1956.[69]
"A Formula for the Solution of Algebraic or Transcendental Equations" February 1917 Proc. Edinburgh Math. Soc.[publication 61] doi:10.1017/S0013091500035288 Algebra and numerical analysis.[7][78] Reviewed by Alexander Aitken in 1958.[7]
"On Determinants whose elements are Determinants" February 1917 Proc. Edinburgh Math. Soc.[publication 62] doi:10.1017/S001309150003529X Algebra and numerical analysis.[7][78] Reviewed by Alexander Aitken in 1958.[7]
"On the numerical solution of integral-equations" June 1918 Proc. R. Soc. Lond.[publication 63] doi:10.1098/rspa.1918.0024 Algebra and numerical analysis.[7] Reviewed by Alexander Aitken in 1958.[7]
"On some disputed questions of probability" 1919 Trans. Fac. Actuaries[publication 64] doi:10.1017/S0071368600004389 Mathematics and probability theory. Read 9 February 1920 before the Faculty of Actuaries.
"On tubes of electromagnetic force" 1921 Proc. Royal Soc. Edinburgh[publication 65] doi:10.1017/S0370164600023798 Electromagnetism and the theory of relativity.[80][75] Reviewed by John Lighton Synge in 1958.[80]
"On Sylvester's Dialytic Method of Elimination" February 1921 Proc. Edinburgh Math. Soc.[publication 66] doi:10.1017/S0013091500036026 Algebra
"On the quantum mechanism in the atom" 1922 Proc. Royal Soc. Edinburgh[publication 67] doi:10.1017/S0370164600023889 Quantum mechanics.[81] The paper received a response from R. A. Houstoun.[82]
"On a New Method of Graduation" February 1922 Proc. Edinburgh Math. Soc.[publication 68] doi:10.1017/S0013091500077853 Algebra and numerical analysis.[7] There was correspondence between Whittaker and George James Lidstone on the paper.[83][publication 69][84]
Reviewed by George Frederick James Temple in 1956[79] and by Alexander Aitken in 1958[7]
"On the theory of graduation" 1924 Proc. Royal Soc. Edinburgh[publication 70] doi:10.1017/S0370164600020800 Algebra and numerical analysis.[7] Reviewed by George Frederick James Temple in 1956[79] and by Alexander Aitken in 1958.[7]
"On the adjustment of Sir J. J. Thomson's theory of light to the classical electromagnetic theory" 1926 Proc. Royal Soc. Edinburgh[publication 71] doi:10.1017/S0370164600021945 Theory of radiation[76] and Quantum mechanics.[81]
"On a simple light-quantum" November 1926 Phil. Mag.[publication 72] doi:10.1080/14786442608564145 Theory of radiation[76] and Quantum mechanics.[81]
"On Hilbert's world-function" January 1927 Proc. Royal Soc. A[publication 73] doi:10.1098/rspa.1927.0003 Electromagnetism and the theory of relativity.[85] Reviewed by John Lighton Synge in 1958.[85]
"On electric phenomena in a gravitational field" November 1927 Proc. Royal Soc. A[publication 74] doi:10.1098/rspa.1927.0160 Electromagnetism and the theory of relativity.[86][75] Reviewed by John Lighton Synge in 1958.[86]
"Note on the law that light-rays are the null geodesics of a gravitational field" January 1928 Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc.[publication 75] doi:10.1017/S0305004100011816 Electromagnetism and the theory of relativity.[87][75] Reviewed by John Lighton Synge in 1958.[87]
"The Influence of Gravitation on Electromagnetic Phenomena" June 1928 Nature[publication 76] doi:10.1038/1211022a0 Electromagnetism and the theory of relativity.[88][75] Reviewed by John Lighton Synge in 1958.[88]
"On the potential of electromagnetic phenomena in a gravitational field" August 1928 Proc. Royal Soc.[publication 77] doi:10.1098/rspa.1928.0130 Electromagnetism and the theory of relativity.[89][75] Reviewed by John Lighton Synge in 1958.[89]
"On the recurrence-formulae for Mathieu functions" April 1929 J. London Math. Soc.[publication 78] doi:10.1112/jlms/s1-4.14.88 Special functions of mathematical physics.[72]
"On Hyper-lemniscate Functions, a Family of Automorphic Functions" October 1929 J. London Math. Soc.[publication 79] doi:10.1112/jlms/s1-4.4.274 Automorphic functions.[70][71] Reviewed by Robert Alexander Rankin in 1958.[70]
"On the Solution of Differential Equations by Definite Integrals" June 1931 Proc. Edinburgh Math. Soc.[publication 80] doi:10.1017/S0013091500007768 Special functions of mathematical physics.[72] Algebraic analysis.[90] The published form of a "research lecture" at Edinburgh proposing a theorem on the transformation of definite integrals. Inspired subsequent work by William Ogilvy Kermack and William Hunter McCrea[90]
"On the definition of distance in curved space, and the displacement of spectral lines of distant sources" September 1931 Proc. Royal Soc. A[publication 81] doi:10.1098/rspa.1931.0132 Electromagnetism and the theory of relativity.[91][75] Reviewed by John Lighton Synge in 1958.[91]
"On properties of null geodesics and their application to the theory of radiation"
Co-authored with William Ogilvy Kermack and William Hunter McCrea		 1933 Proc. Royal Soc. Edinburgh[publication 82] doi:10.1017/S0370164600015479 Electromagnetism and the theory of relativity.[92] Reviewed by John Lighton Synge in 1958.[92]
"On Gauss' theorem and the concept of mass in general relativity" April 1935 Proc. Royal Soc. A[publication 83] doi:10.1098/rspa.1935.0069 Electromagnetism and the theory of relativity.[93][75] Reviewed by John Lighton Synge in 1958.[93]
"On the relations of the tensor-calculus to the spinor-calculus" January 1937 Proc. Royal Soc. A[publication 84] doi:10.1098/rspa.1937.0003 Quantum mechanics, Electromagnetism, and the theory of relativity.[94][81] Reviewed by John Lighton Synge in 1958.[94]
"On Hamilton's principal function quantum mechanics" 1941 Proc. Royal-Soc. Edinburgh A[publication 85] doi:10.1017/S0080454100006026 Quantum mechanics.[81]
"On the reversion of series" 1950 Gaz. Mat. Lisboa[publication 86] Mathematical analysis.[95] Development of power series of the inverse of analytic functions near simple zeros.[95]

Philosophy and history

Title Date Publication[2][1] Identifier Topic and Notes
"Newton's work on optics" 1927 The Mathematical Association[publication 87] The Mathematical Association, p. 70, at Google Books History of physics
"The Outstanding Problems of Relativity" September 1927 Science Magazine[publication 88] doi:10.1126/science.66.1706.223 Philosophy
"The Outstanding Problems of Relativity" September 1927 Nature[publication 89] doi:10.1038/120368a0 Philosophy
"Eddington on the Nature of the World" January 1929 Nature[publication 90] doi:10.1038/123004a0 Philosophy
"What Is Energy?" April 1929 The Mathematical Gazette[publication 91] doi:10.2307/3606954 Philosophy
"Parallelism and teleparallelism in the newer theories of space" January 1930 J. London Math. Soc.[publication 92] doi:10.1112/jlms/s1-5.1.68 Philosophy
"Bishop Barnes and the mathematical theorists" 1933 Dublin Review[publication 93]
"The new background: man and the universe" 1935 Philosophy. Originally published in (1934–1935) Year–book of the Univ. Catholic Societies Federation of Great Britain, 25–33[2]
"The relativity theory of protons and electrons" 1937 The Observatory[publication 94] The Observatory, p. 14, at Google Books
"A chapter on religion" 1937 The Student[publication 95] Theology
"The physical universe" 1940 Religion and Science[publication 96] Theology
"The Hamiltonian revival" 1940 Math. Gaz.[publication 97] doi:10.2307/3605704 There is published correspondence between Whittaker and Edward Arthur Milne over the paper.[publication 98][publication 99][publication 100]
"Some disputed questions in the philosophy of the physical sciences" May 1942 Phil. Mag.[publication 101] doi:10.1080/14786444208520810 Philosophy—Edington's Principle.[96] Published form of the annual address of the President to the Royal Society of Edinburgh 27 October 1941.
"Aristotle, Newton, Einstein" September 1943 Science Magazine[publication 102] doi:10.1126/science.98.2542.249 Part one of two. Published form of the annual address of the President to the Royal Society of Edinburgh 26 October 1942. The lecture was reviewed by C. D. Hardie Spring 1943.[97]
"Aristotle, Newton, Einstein II" September 1943 Science Magazine[publication 103] doi:10.1126/science.98.2543.267 Part two of two. Published form of the annual address of the President to the Royal Society of Edinburgh 26 October 1942. The lecture was reviewed by C. D. Hardie Spring 1943.[97]
"The aether: past and present" 1943 Endeavour[publication 104] History of the aether
"The earth, and the sun, from Copernicus to Galileo" 1943 Prisoners of War News[publication 105]
(British Red Cross Society)		 History of Solar System models
"Chance, freewill and necessity, in the scientific conception of the universe" 1943 Proc. Phys. Soc.[publication 106] doi:10.1088/0959-5309/55/6/303 Determinism and free will.[98] Presented at the Twenty-seventh Guthrie Lecture on 18 May 1943. There was published correspondence over the theme of the work and a comparison to another lecture.[99][100][101][publication 107]
"The new physics and metaphysical materialism" 1943 Proc. Arist. Soc.[publication 108] JSTOR 4544379 Philosophy. Published Symposium, other speakers were Susan Stebbing, J. H. Jeans, and R. B. Braithwaite
"The new algebras, and their significance for physics and philosophy" December 1943 Phil. Mag.[publication 109] doi:10.1080/14786444408520865 Reviewed by Alonzo Church in June 1944.[102]
"Old and new ideas of gravitation" 1944 Endeavour[publication 110] History of physics
"The new physics and the philosophy of Catholics" 1944 The Month[publication 111][publication 112] Theology
"Spin in the universe" 1945 Royal Society of Edinburgh Philosophy. Originally published in the 1945 Year Book of the Royal Society of Edinburgh pages 5–13[2] The publication was the result of the annual presidential address to the Royal Society of Edinburgh, where Whittaker discussed the "spin of the universe" on 23 October 1944. The work was reviewed in Nature in May of the next year[103]
"The sequence of ideas in the discovery of quaternions" 1945 Proc. Royal Irish Acad.[publication 113] JSTOR 20520633 History of physics and mathematics
"Eddington's theory of thee constants of nature" October 1945 The Mathematical Gazette[publication 114] doi:10.2307/3609461 Philosophy
"The mind behind material nature" 1946 The Listener[publication 115] Philosophy and theism[104] Made the front cover of the weekly BBC magazine The Listener.[104]
"Whitehead's Collected Essays" September 1947 Nature[publication 116] doi:10.1038/160415a0 Collected papers of Alfred North Whitehead.
"The concept of nature, from Copernicus to Newton" 1946 Advanced Science[publication 117] History of philosophy

Biographical

Photo of W. W. Rouse Ball
A photo of W. W. Rouse Ball. Whittaker wrote the obituary for Rouse Ball in 1924 for the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
Photo of Albert Einstein
A photo of Albert Einstein in 1947. Whittaker wrote Einstein's obituary for the Royal Society in 1955, just a few months before his own death.
For Date Publication[2][1] DOI
Knott, Cargill Gilston 1924 Proc. Royal Soc. Edinburgh[publication 118] doi:10.1017/S0370164600022628
Low, George Macritchie 1924 Proc. Royal Soc. Edinburgh[publication 119] doi:10.1017/S0370164600022732
Ball, W. W. Rouse October 1925 The Mathematical Gazette[publication 120] doi:10.1017/S0025557200247207
Heaviside, Oliver 1930 Bull. Calc. Math. Soc.[publication 121]
Painlevé, Paul January 1935 J. London Math. Soc.[publication 122] doi:10.1112/jlms/s1-10.37.70
Macdonald, Hector Munro June 1935 Nature[publication 123] doi:10.1038/135945a0
Macdonald, Hector Munro December 1935 Obit. Not. Royal Soc.[publication 124] doi:10.1098/rsbm.1935.0018
Horsburgh, Ellice Martin April 1936 Proc. Edinburgh Math. Soc.[publication 125] doi:10.1017/S0013091500027577
Dixon, Alfred Cardew December 1936 Obit. Not. Royal Soc.[publication 126] doi:10.1098/rsbm.1936.0014
Thomson, Joseph John 1940 Proc. Royal Soc. Edinburgh[publication 127] doi:10.1017/S0370164600020526
Sampson, Ralph Allen January 1940 Obit. Not. Royal Soc.[publication 128] doi:10.1098/rsbm.1940.0019
Ince, Edward Lindsay April 1941 J. London Math. Soc.[publication 129] doi:10.1112/jlms/s1-16.2.139
Volterra, Vito December 1941 Obit. Not. Royal Soc.[publication 130] doi:10.1098/rsbm.1941.0029
Forsyth, Andrew Russell November 1942 Obit. Not. Royal Soc.[publication 131] doi:10.1098/rsbm.1942.0017
Birkhoff, George David December 1944 Nature[publication 132] doi:10.1038/154791a0
Plummer, Henry Crozier December 1946 The Observatory[publication 133]
Whitehead, Alfred North February 1948 Nature[publication 134] doi:10.1038/161267a0
Whitehead, Alfred North November 1948 Obit. Not. Royal Soc.[publication 135] doi:10.1098/rsbm.1948.0031
Laplace, Pierre-Simon February 1949 The Mathematical Gazette[publication 136] doi:10.2307/3608408
Laplace, Pierre-Simon June 1949 American Math. Monthly[publication 137] doi:10.1080/00029890.1949.11999400
Cowell, Philip Herbert November 1949 Obit. Not. Royal Soc.[publication 138] doi:10.1098/rsbm.1949.0003
Conway, Arthur William September 1950 Nature[publication 139] doi:10.1038/166459a0
Birkhoff, George David (Collected Papers) February 1951 Nature[publication 140] doi:10.1038/167250a0
Conway, Arthur William November 1951 Obit. Not. Royal Soc.[publication 141] doi:10.1098/rsbm.1951.0004
Thomson, William Leslie January 1952 Proc. Edinburgh Math. Soc.[publication 142] doi:10.1017/S0950184300003037
Whitehead, Alfred North (Anthology) June 1954 Nature[publication 143] doi:10.1038/1731058a0
Barnes, Ernest William November 1954 Obit. Not. Royal Soc.[publication 144] doi:10.1098/rsbm.1954.0002
Einstein, Albert November 1955 Biogr. Mem. Fellows R. Soc.[publication 145] doi:10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005

Book reviews

Photo of Max Born
Photo of Max Born from the 1930s. Whittaker, a friend of Born's, published reviews for two of his books.
Book Author Identifier Review date Review publication Review doi
Partial Differential Equations of Mathematical Physics Bateman, Harry Cambridge University Press (1932)
 June 1932 Nature[publication 146][105][106] doi:10.1038/129850a0
God and the Astronomers Inge, William Ralph Longmans, Green & Co (1933)
ISBN 978-1-376-16939-3		 December 1933 The Cambridge Review[publication 147]
Relativity, Gravitation and World-structure Milne, Edward Arthur Oxford University Press (1935)
OCLC 1319934		 1935 The Observatory[publication 148] The Observatory, p. 179, at Google Books
The Methodology of Pierre Duhem Lowinger, Armand Columbia University Press (1941)
ISBN 978-0-404-04058-1		 February 1943 Math. Gaz.[publication 149] doi:10.2307/3605677
  1. Etudes sur la connaissance mathématique
    ["Studies in mathematical knowledge"]
  2. Essais sur la pensée géométrique
    ["Essays on geomteric thinking"]
  3. Prolégomènes à la théorie des quanta
    ["From Prolegomena to quantum theory"]
 Greenwood, Thomas
  1. University of Ottawa (1942)
  2. University of Ottawa (1943)
  3. University of Ottawa (1943)
 March 1944 Nature[publication 150] doi:10.1038/153268a0
Fact and Fiction in Modern Science Gill, Henry V. M. H. Gill and Son (1943)
 September 1944 Nature[publication 151] doi:10.1038/154351a0
Experiment and theory in physics Born, Max Cambridge University Press (1944)
ISBN 978-1-107-66566-8		 October 1944 Blackfriars[publication 152] JSTOR 43701059
The Philosophy of Bertrand Russell
Library of Living Philosophers (Vol. 5)		 Schilpp, Paul Arthur Library of Living Philosophers (1944)
ISBN 978-0-87548-138-8		 February 1945 Nature[publication 153] doi:10.1038/155128a0
The Idea of Nature Collingwood, R. G. Oxford University Press (1945)
ISBN 978-0-19-500217-1		 November 1945 Philosophy[publication 154] doi:10.1017/S0031819100026565
Philosophic Foundations of Quantum Mechanics Reichenbach, Hans Cambridge University Press (1944)
ISBN 978-0-520-04765-5		 September 1946 Nature[publication 155] doi:10.1038/158356a0
The Common Sense of the Exact Sciences Clifford, William Kingdon
Edited by Karl Pearson
Introduction by James R. Newman		 Alfred A. Knopf (1946)
 February 1947 Nature[publication 156] doi:10.1038/159248a0
The Mathematics of Great Amateurs Coolidge, Julian Lowell Oxford University Press (1949)
 September 1949 Nature[publication 157] doi:10.1038/164374a0
Natural Philosophy of Cause and Chance Born, Max Oxford University Press (1949)
ISBN 978-0-353-29268-0		 January 1950 Scientific American[publication 158] doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0150-56
Some Problems in Natural Philosophy Weyl, Hermann.
Translated by Olaf Helmer		 Princeton University Press (1949)
 June 1950 Nature[publication 159] doi:10.1038/165865a0
Albert Einstein: philosopher-scientist
Library of Living Philosophers (Vol. 7)		 Schilpp, Paul Arthur Library of Living Philosophers (1949)
ISBN 978-88-3282-023-2		 May 1950 Scientific American[publication 160] doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0550-56
Title Date Publication DOI Notes
"Mathematics at the British Association" October 1900 Nature[publication 161] doi:10.1038/062561a0
"Recent Researches on Space, Time, and Force" 1910 J. London Math. Soc.[publication 162] Recent Researches on Space, Time, and Force
"Mathematics" September 1950 Scientific American[publication 163] doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0950-40 Gives a short account of the state of mathematics at the time of publication; discusses mathematical logic and the Principia Mathematica, along with Giuseppe Peano, Kurt Gödel, and intuitionism.[107]
"Religion and the nature of the universe" June 1950 The Listener[publication 164] Philosophy and theism.[104] Made the front cover of the weekly BBC magazine The Listener.[104] A response to Fred Hoyle's series in the same magazine that was later published as The nature of the universe: a series of broadcast lectures in 1950.[104]
"Energy and Eternity" October 1950 American Vogue[publication 165] Philosophy and theism.[104] Reprint of "Religion and the nature of the universe" originally published in The Listener.[104]
"Are there eternal truths?" August 1952 The Listener[publication 166] Philosophy and theism.[104] Made the front cover of the weekly BBC magazine The Listener.[104]
"G. F. FitzGerald" November 1953 Scientific American[publication 167] doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1153-93
"William Rowan Hamilton" May 1954 Scientific American[publication 168] doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0554-82 Julius Sumner Miller published a response to the biography in August of the same year.[108]

See also

Wikisource has original works by or about:
E. T. Whittaker

Publications

  1. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1902). A course of modern analysis an introd. to the general theory of infinite series and of analyt. functions; with an account of the principal transcendental functions (1st ed.). Univ. Pr. OCLC 1072208628.
  2. ↑ Whittaker, E. T; Watson, G. N (1915). A course of modern analysis: an introduction to the general theory of infinite processes and of analytical functions : with an account of the principal transcendental functions (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. OCLC 474155529.
  3. ↑ Whittaker, E. T; Watson, G. N (1920). A course of modern analysis: an introduction to the general theory of infinite processes and of analytic functions; with an account of the principal transcendental functions (3rd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. OCLC 1170617940.
  4. ↑ Whittaker, E. T; Watson, G. N (1927). A Course of modern analysis: an introduction to the general theory of infinite processes and of analytic functions with an account of the principal trascendental functions (4th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-58807-2. OCLC 802476524.
  5. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1904). A treatise on the analytical dynamics of particles and rigid bodies: with an introduction to the problem of three bodies (1st ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. OCLC 1110228082.
  6. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1917). A treatise on the analytical dynamics of particles and rigid bodies; with an introduction to the problem of three bodies (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. OCLC 352133.
  7. ↑ Whittaker, E. T (1927). A treatise on the analytical dynamics of particles and rigid bodies: with an introduction to the problem of three bodies (3rd ed.). Cambridge: The University Press. OCLC 1020880124.
  8. ↑ Whittaker, E. T (1937). A treatise on the analytical dynamics of particles and rigid bodies: with an introduction to the problem of three bodies (4th ed.). Cambridge University Press. OCLC 959757497.
  9. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1910). A history of the theories of aether and electricity from the age of Descartes to the close of the nineteenth century. Dublin University Press series. London; New York : Dublin: Longmans, Green & Co.; Hodges Figgis.
  10. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (Edmund Taylor), 1873-1956. (1989). A history of the theories of aether & electricity. New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-26126-3. OCLC 20357018.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  11. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1923). The calculus of observations a treatise on numerical analysis. Blackie & Son. OCLC 1098245255.
  12. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1924). A short course in interpolation. Van Nostrand. OCLC 4148120.
  13. ↑ Whittaker, E. T; Robinson, George (1932). The calculus of observations; a treatise on numerical mathematics (2nd ed.). London and Glasgow: Blackie & Son. OCLC 1037608.
  14. ↑ Whittaker, E. T; Robinson, George (1942). The calculus of observations; a treatise on numerical mathematics (3rd ed.). London; Glasgow: Blackie & Son. OCLC 10415600.
  15. ↑ Whittaker, E. T; Robinson, G (1944). The Calculus of Observations (4th ed.). London; Glasgow: Blackie & Son. OCLC 500488346.
  16. ↑ Whittaker, E. T.; Robinson, George (1967) [1944]. The calculus of observations: an introduction to numerical analysis, by Sir Edmund Whittaker and G. Robinson. 4th ed (4th ed.). New York: Dover Publications. OCLC 301738332.
  17. ↑ Eddington, Sir Arthur Stanley (1946). Whittaker, E. T. (ed.). Fundamental Theory. Cambridge University Press. OCLC 252854205.
  18. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1949). From Euclid to Eddington. A study of the conceptions of the external world. Cambridge University Press. OCLC 488725703.
  19. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1951). Eddington's principle in the philosophy of science. Cambridge University Press. OCLC 835626501.
  20. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1952). "Eddington's principle in the philosophy of science". American Scientist. 40 (1): 45–60. ISSN 0003-0996. JSTOR 27826417.
  21. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1951). A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity: The Classical Theories. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Thomas Nelson and Sons.
  22. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1953). A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity: The Modern Theories. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Thomas Nelson and Sons.
  23. ↑ British Association for the Advancement of Science.; Science, British Association for the Advancement of (1900). Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. Vol. 69th Meeting (1899). London. pp. 121–159.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  24. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1907). The theory of optical instruments. Cambridge University Press. OCLC 976959487.
  25. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1912). "Prinzipien der Storungstheorie und allgemeine Theorie der Bahnkurven in dynamischen Problemen" [Principles of perturbation theory and general theory of trajectories in dynamic problems]. Klein's Encyclopedia of Mathematical Sciences (in German). Vol. 6-2-1. pp. 512–556. OCLC 635267305. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
  26. ↑ Newton, Isaac (1931). Opticks; or, A treatise of the reflections, refractions, inflections & colours of light. London: G. Bell & Sons, Ltd. OCLC 1164453.
  27. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1943). The beginning and end of the world, delivered before the University of Durham at King's college, Newcastle upon Tyne in February 1942. Oxford University Press, H. Milford. OCLC 702585376.
  28. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1946). Space and Spirit: Theories of the Universe and the Arguments for the Existence of God. Nelson. ISBN 978-1-258-91699-2.
  29. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1948). The modern approach to Descartes' problem; the relation of the mathematical and physical sciences to philosophy. Nelson. OCLC 4732609.
  30. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1897). "On Lagrange's parentheses in the planetary theory". Messenger of Mathematics. 26: 141–144.
  31. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (January 1898). "On the connexion of algebraic functions with automorphic functions". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 63 (389–400): 267–268. doi:10.1098/rspl.1898.0033. ISSN 0370-1662. S2CID 117875048.
  32. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1900). "On the reductions of the order of the differential equations of a dynamical system, by use of the integral of energy". Messenger of Mathematics. 30: 93–97.
  33. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (10 January 1902). "On Periodic Orbits". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 62 (3): 186–193. Bibcode:1902MNRAS..62..186W. doi:10.1093/mnras/62.3.186. ISSN 0035-8711.
  34. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1902). "On the solution of dynamical problems in terms of trigonometric series". Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. 34: 206–221.
  35. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1902). "On periodic orbits in the restricted problem of three bodies". Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 62 (5): 346–352. doi:10.1093/mnras/62.5.346a.
  36. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1902). "Note on a function analogous to Weierstrass' Sigma-function". Messenger of Mathematics. 30: 145–148.
  37. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (14 July 1902). "On the General Solution of Laplace's Equation and the Equation of Wave Motions, and on an undulatory explanation of Gravity". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 62 (9): 617–620. doi:10.1093/mnras/62.9.617. ISSN 0035-8711.
  38. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1 May 1902). "On a New Connexion of Bessel Functions with Legendre Functions". Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. s1-35 (1): 198–206. doi:10.1112/plms/s1-35.1.198. ISSN 0024-6115.
  39. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (May 1902). "On the Functions associated with the Parabolic Cylinder in Harmonic Analysis". Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. s1-35 (1): 417–427. doi:10.1112/plms/s1-35.1.417. ISSN 1460-244X.
  40. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1903). "An expression of certain known functions as generalized hypergeometric functions". Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. 10 (3): 125–134. doi:10.1090/S0002-9904-1903-01077-5. ISSN 0002-9904.
  41. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (September 1903). "On the partial differential equations of mathematical physics". Mathematische Annalen. 57 (3): 333–355. doi:10.1007/BF01444290. ISSN 1432-1807. S2CID 122153032.
  42. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1 January 1904). "On an Expression of the Electromagnetic Field due to Electrons by Means of Two Scalar Potential Functions". Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. s2-1 (1): 367–372. doi:10.1112/plms/s2-1.1.367. ISSN 0024-6115.
  43. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (9 November 1906). "On the Distribution of Energy in the Continuous Spectrum". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 67 (1): 85–88. doi:10.1093/mnras/67.1.85. ISSN 0035-8711.
  44. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (9 November 1906). "On the Resolving Power of Spectroscopes". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 67 (1): 88–91. doi:10.1093/mnras/67.1.88. ISSN 0035-8711.
  45. ↑ Whittaker, Edmund Taylor (30 July 1908). "On the theory of capillarity". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character. 81 (544): 21–25. Bibcode:1908RSPSA..81...21W. doi:10.1098/rspa.1908.0060.
  46. ↑ Whittaker, E. (1908). "Sunspots and solar temperature". The Observatory. 31: 372–374. Bibcode:1908Obs....31..372W.
  47. ↑ Whittaker, E. T.; Martin, C. (April 1911). "On the Variable RW Cassiopeiæ. (Plate 12.)". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 71 (6): 511–517. doi:10.1093/mnras/71.6.511. ISSN 0035-8711.
  48. ↑ Whittaker, Edmund Taylor (9 June 1911). "On the dynamical nature of the molecular systems which emit spectra of the banded type". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character. 85 (578): 262–270. Bibcode:1911RSPSA..85..262W. doi:10.1098/rspa.1911.0038.
  49. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (9 June 1911). "On the Law which governs the Variations of SS Cygni: Preliminary paper". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 71 (8): 686–691. doi:10.1093/mnras/71.8.686. ISSN 0035-8711.
  50. ↑ Hobson, Ernest William; Love, Augustus Edward Hough (1913). "Whittaker, E. T. (1912) 'On the functions associated with the elliptic cylinder in harmonic analysis'". Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress of Mathematicians: (Cambridge, 22-28 August 1912). Cambridge University Press. pp. 366–371.
  51. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (February 1913). "On the general solution of Mathieu's equation". Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society. 32: 75–80. doi:10.1017/S0013091500035069. ISSN 1464-3839.
  52. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (February 1913). "On the continued fractions which represent the functions of Hermite and other functions defined by differential equations". Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society. 32: 65–74. doi:10.1017/S0013091500035057. ISSN 1464-3839.
  53. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1914). "VII.—On an Integral-Equation whose Solutions are the Functions of Lamé". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 35: 70–77. doi:10.1017/S0370164600017697. ISSN 0370-1646.
  54. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1915). "On Lamé's Differential Equation and Ellipsoidal Harmonics". Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. s2_14 (1): 260–268. doi:10.1112/plms/s2_14.1.260. ISSN 1460-244X.
  55. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (February 1914). "On a class of Differential Equations whose solutions satisfy Integral Equations". Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society. 33: 14–23. doi:10.1017/S0013091500002297. ISSN 1464-3839.
  56. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1915). "XVIII.—On the Functions which are represented by the Expansions of the Interpolation-Theory". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 35: 181–194. doi:10.1017/S0370164600017806. ISSN 0370-1646.
  57. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (December 1915). "A simple nomogram for the solution of quadratic equations". Edinburgh Mathematical Notes. 19: 215–217. doi:10.1017/S1757748900001523. ISSN 2051-204X.
  58. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1916). "XVI.–On the Theory of Continued-Fractions". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 36 (3–4): 243–255. doi:10.1017/S0370164600018277. ISSN 0370-1646.
  59. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (February 1916). "On the Latent Roots of Compound Determinants and Brill's Determinants". Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society. 35: 2–9. doi:10.1017/s0013091500029631. ISSN 0013-0915.
  60. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1917). "VII.—On the Adelphic Integral of the Differential Equations of Dynamics". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 37: 95–116. doi:10.1017/S037016460002352X. ISSN 0370-1646.
  61. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (February 1917). "A Formula for the Solution of Algebraic or Transcendental Equations". Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society. 36: 103–106. doi:10.1017/S0013091500035288. ISSN 1464-3839.
  62. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (February 1917). "On Determinants whose elements are Determinants". Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society. 36: 107–115. doi:10.1017/S001309150003529X. ISSN 0013-0915.
  63. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (June 1918). "On the numerical solution of integral-equations". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 94 (662): 367–383. Bibcode:1918RSPSA..94..367W. doi:10.1098/rspa.1918.0024.
  64. ↑ Whittaker, E. T.; Lidstone, G. J. (1921). "On Some Disputed Questions of Probability". Transactions of the Faculty of Actuaries. 8: 163–206. doi:10.1017/S0071368600004389. ISSN 2058-1033.
  65. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1923) [1921]. "I.—On Tubes of Electromagnetic Force". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 42: 1–23. doi:10.1017/S0370164600023798. ISSN 0370-1646.
  66. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (February 1921). "On Sylvester's Dialytic Method of Elimination". Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society. 40: 62–63. doi:10.1017/S0013091500036026. ISSN 1464-3839.
  67. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1923) [1922]. "X.—On the Quantum Mechanism in the Atom". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 42: 129–142. doi:10.1017/S0370164600023889. ISSN 0370-1646.
  68. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (February 1922). "On a New Method of Graduation". Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society. 41: 63–75. doi:10.1017/S0013091500077853. ISSN 0013-0915.
  69. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1926). "Correspondence". Transactions of the Faculty of Actuaries. 11 (1): 235–236. doi:10.1017/S0071368600008181. ISSN 2058-1033.
  70. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1924). "VIII.—On the Theory of Graduation". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 44: 77–83. doi:10.1017/S0370164600020800. ISSN 0370-1646.
  71. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1926). "XII.—On the Adjustment of Sir J. J. Thomson's Theory of Light to the Classical Electromagnetic Theory". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 46: 116–125. doi:10.1017/S0370164600021945. ISSN 0370-1646.
  72. ↑ F.R.S, Prof E. T. Whittaker (1 November 1926). "CVI. On a simple light-quantum". The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 2 (11): 1137–1139. doi:10.1080/14786442608564145. ISSN 1941-5982.
  73. ↑ Whittaker, Edmund Taylor (1 January 1927). "On Hilbert's world-function". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character. 113 (765): 496–511. Bibcode:1927RSPSA.113..496W. doi:10.1098/rspa.1927.0003.
  74. ↑ Whittaker, Edmund Taylor (1 November 1927). "On electric phenomena in gravitational fields". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character. 116 (775): 720–735. Bibcode:1927RSPSA.116..720W. doi:10.1098/rspa.1927.0160.
  75. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (January 1928). "Note on the law that light-rays are the null geodesics of a gravitational field". Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 24 (1): 32–34. Bibcode:1928PCPS...24...32W. doi:10.1017/S0305004100011816. ISSN 1469-8064. S2CID 122092231.
  76. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (30 June 1928). "The Influence of Gravitation on Electromagnetic Phenomena". Nature. 121 (3061): 1022–1024. Bibcode:1928Natur.121.1022W. doi:10.1038/1211022a0. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 36510606.
  77. ↑ Whittaker, Edmund Taylor (1 August 1928). "On the potential of electromagnetic phenomena in a gravitational field". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character. 120 (784): 1–13. Bibcode:1928RSPSA.120....1W. doi:10.1098/rspa.1928.0130.
  78. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (1929). "On the Recurrence-Formulae of the Mathieu Functions". Journal of the London Mathematical Society. s1-4 (2): 88–96. doi:10.1112/jlms/s1-4.14.88. ISSN 1469-7750.
  79. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (October 1929). "On Hyperlemniscate Functions, a Family of Automorphic Functions". Journal of the London Mathematical Society. s1-4 (4): 274–278. doi:10.1112/jlms/s1-4.4.274. ISSN 0024-6107.
  80. ↑ Whittaker, E. T. (June 1931). "On the Solution of Differential Equations by Definite Integrals". Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society. 2 (4): 189–204. doi:10.1017/S0013091500007768. ISSN 0013-0915.
  81. ↑ Whittaker, Edmund Taylor (1 September 1931). "On the definition of distance in curved space, and the displacement of the spectral lines of distant sources". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character. 133 (821): 93–105. Bibcode:1931RSPSA.133...93W. doi:10.1098/rspa.1931.0132.
  82. ↑ Kermack, W. O.; McCrea, W. H.; Whittaker, E. T. (1933). "IV.—On Properties of Null Geodesics, and their Application to the Theory of Radiation". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 53: 31–47. doi:10.1017/S0370164600015479. ISSN 0370-1646.
  83. ↑ Whittaker, Edmund Taylor (1 April 1935). "On Gauss' theorem and the concept of mass in general relativity". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 149 (867): 384–395. Bibcode:1935RSPSA.149..384W. doi:10.1098/rspa.1935.0069.
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