Bernau bei Berlin
Town
Town hall
Town hall
Coat of arms of Bernau bei Berlin
Coat of arms
Location of Bernau bei Berlin within Barnim district
Bernau bei Berlin is located in Germany
Bernau bei Berlin
Bernau bei Berlin
Bernau bei Berlin is located in Brandenburg
Bernau bei Berlin
Bernau bei Berlin
Coordinates: 52°40′N 13°35′E / 52.667°N 13.583°E / 52.667; 13.583
CountryGermany
StateBrandenburg
DistrictBarnim
SubdivisionsHauptort und 4 Ortsteile
Government
 • Mayor (2022–30) André Stahl[1] (Left)
Area
 • Total103.73 km2 (40.05 sq mi)
Elevation
68 m (223 ft)
Population
 (2021-12-31)[2]
 • Total42,054
 • Density410/km2 (1,100/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes
16321
Dialling codes03338
Vehicle registrationBAR, BER, EW
Websitewww.bernau-bei-berlin.de

Bernau bei Berlin (English Bernau by Berlin, commonly named Bernau) is a town in the Barnim district in Brandenburg in eastern Germany, located about 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Berlin.

History

Archaeological excavations of Mesolithic-era sites indicate that the area has been inhabited since about 8800 BC. The city was first mentioned in 1232. It was historically spelled "Bärnau" [ɛʁnaʊ̯] and since changed to Bernau [ˈbɛrnaʊ̯]. The reasons for its founding are not known. According to legend, Albert I of Brandenburg permitted the founding of the city in 1140 because of the good beer which was offered to him.

Bernau underwent an economic boom before the Thirty Years' War. Large parts of the defensive wall with town gate and wet moats were built during that period. These helped Bernau defend itself successfully against attackers, including the Hussites in 1432. However, conditions declined after the war and the plague. Frederick I of Prussia settled 25 Huguenot families, comprising craftsmen, farmers, traders, and scientists, in the town in 1699.

Bernau ~1650
Historic Image of Bernau in ~ 1650

From the 18th century, Bernau was part of the Kingdom of Prussia, and from 1815 to 1947, it was administratively located in the Province of Brandenburg.

During World War II, in 1943–1945, it was the location of a subcamp of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp.[3] In early 1945, a death march of prisoners of various nationalities from the dissolved camp in Żabikowo to Sachsenhausen passed through the town.[4]

From 1947 to 1952 it was part of the State of Brandenburg in East Germany, from 1952 to 1990 of the East German Bezirk Frankfurt and since 1990 again in Brandenburg in modern Germany. In 1842 a railway line was opened. One of the first electrical suburban railway lines in the world began operation in 1924. A line of the Berlin S-Bahn connected Bernau with the Stettiner Bahnhof (today Berlin Nordbahnhof) in Berlin. The ADGB Trade Union School (Bundesschule des Allgemeinen Deutschen Gewerkschaftsbundes), designed by Bauhaus director Hannes Meyer, opened in 1930. It was included as part of the World Heritage Site the Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau in July 2017.[5]

Pulverturm (Armory).
Church of St. Mary.
Timber-framed houses and Plattenbauten.

Demography

Bernau bei Berlin: Population development
within the current boundaries (2017)[6]
YearPop.±% p.a.
1875 8,060—    
1890 9,583+1.16%
1910 12,364+1.28%
1925 13,403+0.54%
1933 17,671+3.52%
1939 20,256+2.30%
1946 19,678−0.41%
1950 20,482+1.01%
1964 20,545+0.02%
1971 20,511−0.02%
1981 24,318+1.72%
1985 25,386+1.08%
1989 25,145−0.24%
1990 24,532−2.44%
1991 24,491−0.17%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1992 24,693+0.82%
1993 24,744+0.21%
1994 24,913+0.68%
1995 25,428+2.07%
1996 27,208+7.00%
1997 29,609+8.82%
1998 31,231+5.48%
1999 32,506+4.08%
2000 33,086+1.78%
2001 33,507+1.27%
2002 33,882+1.12%
2003 34,379+1.47%
2004 34,995+1.79%
2005 35,235+0.69%
2006 35,546+0.88%
YearPop.±% p.a.
2007 35,859+0.88%
2008 36,059+0.56%
2009 36,154+0.26%
2010 36,338+0.51%
2011 35,843−1.36%
2012 36,020+0.49%
2013 36,222+0.56%
2014 36,547+0.90%
2015 37,169+1.70%
2016 37,725+1.50%
2017 38,194+1.24%
2018 38,825+1.65%
2019 40,031+3.11%
2020 40,908+2.19%

Local Divisions

The Town has the following local divisions:

  • Birkenhöhe (since 2014)
  • Birkholz (incorporated in 1993, district since 2014)
  • Birkholzaue (since 2014)
  • Börnicke (since 2002)
  • Ladeburg (since 2001)
  • Lobetal (since 2002)
  • Schönow (since 2003)
  • Waldfrieden (since 2016)

Several small local settlements are also part of the city:

  • Bernau Süd
  • Blumenhag
  • Eichwerder
  • Friedenstal
  • Gieses Plan
  • Helenenau
  • Kirschgarten
  • Liepnitz
  • Lindow
  • Neubauernsiedlung
  • Nibelungen
  • Puschkinviertel
  • Rehberge
  • Rollberg
  • Rutenfeld
  • Schmetzdorf
  • Stadtkern
  • Thaerfelde
  • Viehtrift
  • Waldsiedlung
  • Woltersdorf

Main sights

Monument for the victims of witch-hunt in Bernau

Museums

The museum of local history has two locations. One is the town gate with the former prison Hungerturm (Tower of Hunger). It is one of formerly three town gates, that were part of the defensive wall. Today, armour and instruments of torture of the Middle Ages are shown there. Common furniture from several epochs, and utensils of the executioner are exhibited in the Henkerhaus (executioner's house) to demonstrate life in the small town.

In 2005, the Wolf Kahlen Museum opened. Media art from over 40 years is shown there.

In 2005, Annelie Grund created a monument for the victims of a witch hunt.

Local District Court

Buildings

The church of St. Marien in the Late Gothic style dominates the skyline of the town. The nave was built in the 15th century.

Large parts of the defensive walls and wet moats of the Middle Ages are preserved. The defensive wall is supplemented by several lookout houses, the Pulverturm (armoury) and a town gate.

Until the 1960s, the city centre, enclosed by the defensive wall, consisted of small old buildings with timber framed construction. Most of them were disrepair because no funds were available in East Germany to renovate them. It was decided to change Bernau into an exemplary city of socialist architecture. Nearly all the old houses were torn down in the 1960s and 1970s and new Plattenbauten (buildings constructed of prefabricated concrete slabs) were built. The new houses had a maximum of four storeys to fit in with the historical architecture of the city.

The former ADGB school is located in the northeast of the town. It is the largest building in the Bauhaus style besides the Bauhaus itself.

Transport

The line S2 of the Berlin S-Bahn (suburban railway) connects Bernau with Berlin Friedrichstraße's station, in the center of that city. Regional rail connects Bernau with Eberswalde, Schwedt, Stralsund, Frankfurt (Oder) to the north and Berlin Hauptbahnhof, Berlin Lichtenberg and Elsterwerda in the south. Long-distance trains go to Stralsund, Dortmund, Düsseldorf, Dresden and Amsterdam.

The Bundesautobahn A11 from Berlin to Prenzlau and Szczecin has the two exits Bernau Nord (number 15) and Bernau Süd (number 16).

Twin towns – sister cities

Bernau bei Berlin is twinned with:[7]

Notable people

Honorary citizen

  • Konrad Wolf (1925–1982), film director, President of the Academy of Arts, was the first city commander of Bernau after the Second World War (April 1945) at the age of 19, honorary citizen since 1975

Sons and daughters of the city

People associated with Bernau

See also

References

  1. ↑ Landkreis Barnim Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters, accessed 10 November 2022.
  2. ↑ "Bevölkerungsentwicklung und Flächen der kreisfreien Städte, Landkreise und Gemeinden im Land Brandenburg 2021" (PDF). Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg (in German). June 2022.
  3. ↑ Megargee, Geoffrey P. (2009). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume I. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 1292. ISBN 978-0-253-35328-3.
  4. ↑ "Ewakuacja piesza". Muzeum Martyrologiczne w Żabikowie (in Polish). Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  5. ↑ UNESCO: Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau. Retrieved 3 January 2019
  6. ↑ Detailed data sources are to be found in the Wikimedia Commons.Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons
  7. ↑ "Partnerstädte". bernau-bei-berlin.de (in German). Bernau bei Berlin. Archived from the original on 2019-09-01. Retrieved 2021-02-08.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.