Benjamin F. Kramer
Member of the Maryland Senate
from the 19th district
Assumed office
January 9, 2019
Preceded byRoger Manno
Member of the Maryland House of Delegates
from the 19th district
In office
January 10, 2007 – January 9, 2019
Preceded byCarol S. Petzold
Succeeded byCharlotte Crutchfield
Personal details
Born (1957-03-05) March 5, 1957
Wheaton, Maryland, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
SpouseTammy
Children3
Parent
RelativesRona E. Kramer (sister)
Signature

Benjamin F. Kramer (born March 5, 1957) is an American politician who has served as a member of the Maryland Senate representing District 19 since 2019. A member of the Democratic Party, Kramer previously represented the district in the Maryland House of Delegates from 2007 to 2019.

Background

Kramer was born in Wheaton, Maryland on March 5, 1957.[1] He was one of three children born to father Sidney Kramer, who would later serve as a state senator and Montgomery County Executive, and mother Betty Mae. Kramer's sister, Rona, would later serve as a state senator and as Maryland Secretary of Aging from 2015 to 2023.[2] He attended Montgomery County public schools, graduating from John F. Kennedy High School, and later attended the University of Maryland, College Park, where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in law enforcement in 1979.[1]

Kramer owns the Wheaton Speedy Car Wash[3] and a real estate business.[2] He was a member of the Montgomery County Liquor Control Task Force and the Montgomery County Police Department Citizens Advisory Board.[1]

In 1994, Kramer unsuccessfully ran for the Montgomery County Council,[4] losing to incumbent Republican county councilwoman Nancy Dacek in the general election.[5] He ran for an at-large seat on the county council in 1998,[6] during which he was defeated in the Democratic primary, placing seventh in the eight-way primary.[7]

In the legislature

Kramer in the Senate Finance Committee, 2023

In 2006, Kramer ran for the Maryland House of Delegates in District 19. He won the Democratic primary on September 12, placing third with 14 percent of the vote and edging out his opponent, Paul Griffin, by a margin of 307 votes.[8] He was sworn in on January 10, 2007. Kramer was a member of the Judiciary Committee from 2007 to 2010, afterwards serving in the Economic Matters Committee for the remainder of his tenure.[1]

In 2009, Kramer unsuccessfully ran in the Montgomery County Council District 4 special election, in which he was defeated by Nancy Navarro.[9]

In August 2017, a day after state Senator Roger Manno announced that he would run for Congress in Maryland's 6th congressional district in 2018, Kramer announced that he would seek to succeed Manno in the Maryland Senate.[10] He ran unopposed in both the primary and defeated Green Party nominee David Jeang general election,[11][12] and was sworn in on January 9, 2019. Kramer has served as a member of the Finance Committee during his entire tenure.[1]

Personal life

Kramer is married to his wife, Tammy. Together, they have three children.[3] He is Jewish.[13] Kramer's nephews, Brandon and Lance, were the director and producer for the 2021 documentary The First Step.[14]

Political positions

Kramer is a moderate Democrat[15] who has been described by Maryland Matters as "more pro-business than most of his Democratic colleagues".[16]

Education

Kramer supports providing private schools with state funding.[17]

During the 2019 legislative session, Kramer introduced a bill to expand Holocaust instruction in schools. After the bill died in committee, he penned a letter to the Maryland Department of Education asking the agency to elaborate its requirements for Holocaust education, led to the agency requiring lessons on the Holocaust in fourth- and fifth-grade social studies classes.[18] The bill was reintroduced in 2023 along with another bill that would set aside $500,000 annually to fund school field trips to museums dedicated to teaching about the Holocaust or African American history.[19]

In 2021, Kramer introduced legislation that would require the chancellor of the University System of Maryland to act on the behalf of all the system's institutions in all aspects of collective bargaining,[20] and supported another bill to extend collective bargaining rights to Maryland community college employees.[21] Both bills passed and became law.[22]

Environment

During the 2011 legislative session, Kramer expressed concerns with the costs of a bill to incentivize wind energy development in Maryland.[23] He voted for the bill when was reintroduced in 2012.[24]

In 2018, Kramer introduced legislation that would place economic sanctions on Pennsylvania for upstream pollution in the Chesapeake Bay by limiting Maryland's ability to enter into procurement contracts with companies that have not been meeting U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Chesapeake Bay cleanup goals.[25]

During the 2020 legislative session, Kramer introduced legislation to levy a carbon tax on corporate polluters, which would charge $15 per metric ton of carbon dioxide emitted from non-transportation fossil fuel combustion.[26][27] He reintroduced the bill in 2021, during which it was defeated in committee.[28]

In 2021, Kramer introduced a bill that would require the Maryland Public Service Commission to consider climate change while reviewing applications for new generating facilities.[29] In 2022, he introduced legislation that would require counties develop climate change mitigation plans.[30] The bill was reintroduced in 2023.[31]

Israel

Kramer is a self-described Zionist[32] who has described the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement as antisemitic.[17]

In December 2013, following the American Studies Association's boycott of Israel, Kramer wrote to Governor Martin O'Malley asking him to prevent state funding from going toward organizations that supported the boycott.[33] During the 2014 legislative session, he unsuccessfully sought to place financial penalties on the University of Maryland, Baltimore County for supporting the American Studies Association,[34] despite UMBC saying that it would end its affiliation with the ASA.[33] The legislature instead opted to pass a resolution condemning the BDS movement, making Maryland the first state to do so,[35] which Kramer said was "not the victory we should have had".[17] Kramer's anti-BDS bill was also condemned by Archbishop Desmond Tutu, who issued a statement expressing "grave concern" over the effort and with Kramer's comparison between BDS and Nazi Germany.[36][37] During the 2017 legislative session, Kramer introduced a bill that would prohibit the state from contracting with companies that support the BDS movement.[35][38] After the bill failed to pass, Governor Larry Hogan signed an executive order codifying it into law.[39]

In July 2019, Kramer wrote a letter to the Takoma Park city council and mayor Kate Stewart condemning the city's screening of The Occupation of the American Mind, a documentary which he described as antisemitic.[40]

In November 2023, Kramer led a letter signed by eight other state senators that threatened to defund immigrants rights group CASA de Maryland because it had called for an immediate ceasefire in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war and condemned the "utilization of US tax dollars to promote the ongoing violence".[41] He called CASA's subsequent apology a "good first step" but added that "there's still work to be done".[42][43]

Liquor reform

During the 2018 legislative session and in response to Peter Franchot's "Reform on Tap" efforts, Kramer introduced legislation creating a task force to study which agency is best suited to regulate the alcohol industry in Maryland.[44] As a member of the task force, Kramer criticized Franchot for not including any advocates for public health or public safety in his task force to craft the Reform on Tap proposals,[45] which the committee voted 17–4 to reject later that year[46] and recommended removing the Comptroller of Maryland's ability to regulate the alcohol industry.[47] During the 2019 legislative session, Kramer introduced legislation to do so,[48][49] which passed and became law.[50]

In February 2019, Franchot accused Kramer of being "corrupt" and having a conflict of interest by introducing the bill, noting that his family's real estate business rents space to a county-owned retail alcohol outlet. Kramer rejected these accusations and subsequently accused Franchot of taking campaign contributions from the alcohol industry that influenced his "Reform on Tap" proposals, which Franchot denied.[51][52][53] While testifying on the bill later that month, Kramer compared Franchot to Bernie Madoff in claiming that he had "extorted" campaign contributions from liquor lobbyists, which Len Foxwell, Franchot's chief of staff, called "beyond offensive" and "slanderous", and led Franchot to file an ethics complaint against Kramer.[54][55] Kramer criticized Governor Larry Hogan for appointing Foxwell to the alcohol commission, which he called a "political favor".[56][57]

Social issues

During the 2016 legislative session and following the death of Noah Leotta, a Montgomery County police officer who was killed by a drunk driver while on DUI patrol, Kramer introduced a bill to expand the use of breathalyzers,[58] which passed and was signed into law by Governor Larry Hogan.[59]

During the 2018 legislative session, Kramer introduced a bill that would prohibit retail pet stores from selling puppies and kittens, which passed and was signed into law by Governor Larry Hogan.[60] In May 2022, he participated in and spoke at a protest against Inotiv, a drug research firm headquartered in Montgomery County, after the Humane Society of the United States released a video accusing the firm of mistreating and killing thousands of animals in its studies.[61][62]

During the 2019 legislative session, Kramer introduced a bill creating a program that would have the Maryland Department of Aging perform daily check-in calls to seniors and notify guardians if they do not answer the call. The bill passed and became law, and was implemented in January 2020.[63] In 2022, he opposed a bill that would set restrictions on who the governor of Maryland could appoint as Maryland Secretary of Aging, which he called a "slippery slope".[64]

In July 2020, after Governor Larry Hogan announced plans to hold a full in-person election for Maryland's general elections, Kramer participated in and spoke at a CASA de Maryland rally protesting Hogan's decision, where he accused the governor of prioritizing his autobiography over Maryland's right to vote.[65][66] During the 2021 legislative session, he introduced a bill that would allow voters to opt into a list that allows them to receive mail-in ballots for every future election,[21] which passed and became law.[67]

During the 2023 legislative session, Kramer introduced legislation that would allow victims of hate crimes to sue their perpetrators to recoup emotional and financial damages.[19]

Taxes

During the 2023 legislative session, Kramer opposed a bill that would raise taxes on Ocean City hotels by one percent, expressing concerns that the bill would increase tourism to beaches in Delaware or New Jersey.[68]

Electoral history

Montgomery County Council at-large Democratic primary election, 1998[69]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Ike Leggett 49,615 20.5
Democratic Michael L. Subin 35,274 14.6
Democratic Blair G. Ewing 33,849 14.0
Democratic Steven Silverman 29,239 12.1
Democratic Patrick Baptiste 28,542 11.8
Democratic Frances Brenneman 25,960 10.7
Democratic Benjamin Kramer 21,779 9.0
Democratic William B. O'Neil Jr. 17,245 7.1
Maryland House of Delegates District 19 Democratic primary election, 2006[70]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Roger Manno 7,389 20.3
Democratic Henry B. Heller (incumbent) 6,476 17.8
Democratic Benjamin F. Kramer 5,119 14.0
Democratic Paul Griffin 4,812 13.2
Democratic Alec Stone 4,641 12.7
Democratic Tom DeGonia 3,781 10.4
Democratic Melodye A. Berry 2,369 6.5
Democratic Guled Kassim 1,868 5.1
Maryland House of Delegates District 19 election, 2006[71]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Henry B. Heller (incumbent) 24,928 23.6
Democratic Benjamin F. Kramer 24,707 23.3
Democratic Roger Manno 24,598 23.2
Republican John R. Joaquin 10,647 10.1
Republican Thomas Hardman 10,474 9.9
Republican Tom Masser 10,348 9.8
Write-in 141 0.1
Montgomery County Council District 4 special Democratic primary election, 2009[72]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Nancy Navarro 3,881 44.5
Democratic Ben Kramer 3,819 43.8
Democratic Cary Lamari 730 8.4
Democratic Robert Goldman 118 1.4
Democratic Thomas Hardman 105 1.2
Democratic Michael L. Bigler 65 0.8
Maryland House of Delegates District 19 election, 2010[73]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Ben Kramer (incumbent) 23,526 25.8
Democratic Sam Arora 22,242 24.4
Democratic Bonnie Cullison 21,795 23.9
Republican Linn Rivera 11,929 13.1
Republican Tom Masser 11,362 12.5
Write-in 288 0.3
Maryland House of Delegates District 19 election, 2014[74]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Benjamin F. Kramer (incumbent) 22,238 29.0
Democratic Bonnie Cullison (incumbent) 21,394 27.9
Democratic Maricé Morales 20,104 26.2
Republican Martha Schaerr 12,622 16.5
Write-in 336 0.4
Maryland Senate District 19 Democratic primary election, 2018[75]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Benjamin F. Kramer 13,739 100.0
Maryland Senate District 19 election, 2018[76]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Benjamin F. Kramer 39,393 88.0
Green David Jeang 4,795 10.7
Write-in 574 1.3
Maryland Senate District 19 election, 2018[77]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Benjamin F. Kramer 29,473 75.5
Republican Anita M. Cox 8,804 22.6
Green David Jeang 724 1.9
Write-in 34 0.1

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Benjamin F. Kramer, Maryland State Senator". Maryland Manual On-Line. Maryland State Archives. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  2. 1 2 Rein, Lisa (February 11, 2007). "Siblings Share the Floor in Annapolis". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  3. 1 2 Tapscott, Richard; Sullivan, Kevin (November 25, 1993). "Newcomers with plenty of nerve". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  4. ↑ Zoroya, Gregg (October 20, 1994). "GOP sees chance to make gains on county council". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  5. ↑ Zoroya, Gregg (November 9, 1994). "Montgomery County". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  6. ↑ Perez-Rivas, Manuel (August 3, 1998). "Montgomery County Council race heated". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  7. ↑ Shaver, Katherine; Perez-Rivas, Manuel (September 16, 1998). "Montgomery Prosecutor Dean Is Defeated". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  8. ↑ Wan, William (September 24, 2006). "Final Counts Put Wynn, Kramer Over Challengers". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  9. ↑ Lazo, Luz (January 12, 2013). "New Montgomery County Council President Nancy Navarro hopes her message appeals to core constituents and rest of the county". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  10. ↑ Peck, Louis (August 3, 2017). "Kramer Will Pursue Open District 19 Senate Seat, Rather than County Executive". MoCo360. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  11. ↑ Peck, Louis (May 30, 2018). "District 19 Candidates Field Some Questions Not Usually Heard at Delegate Forums". MoCo360. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  12. ↑ Peck, Louis (November 7, 2018). "Montgomery County's Annapolis Delegation To Remain Solely in Democratic Hands". MoCo360. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  13. ↑ Davis, Aaron C. (February 19, 2012). "Offshore wind exerts wide appeal in Md". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  14. ↑ Harris, Richard (August 17, 2023). "Bethesda brothers produce documentary films". MoCo360. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  15. ↑ Perez-Rivas, Manuel; LeDuc, Daniel (May 28, 1998). "Nothing to shout about". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  16. ↑ Kurtz, Josh (January 8, 2019). "Six Freshman Senators to Watch". Maryland Matters. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  17. 1 2 3 Clare, Erin (May 7, 2014). "Md. 19 hopefuls talk busing to Jewish voters". Washington Jewish Week. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  18. ↑ Gaines, Danielle E. (October 23, 2019). "Md. to Expand Holocaust Instruction in Schools". Maryland Matters. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  19. 1 2 Shepherd, Katie (March 24, 2023). "As antisemitic incidents double in Md., state lawmakers pitch solutions". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  20. ↑ Shwe, Elizabeth (March 17, 2021). "Senate Committee Moves Bill to Allow Collective Bargaining Rights for Community College Employees". Maryland Matters. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  21. 1 2 Shwe, Elizabeth (March 19, 2021). "Roundup of Marathon Senate Session: Collective Bargaining, Mail-in Ballots and More". Maryland Matters. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  22. ↑ Gaskill, Hannah (December 6, 2021). "Senate Votes to Override Hogan's Veto of Parole Reform Bill, More than a Dozen Other Measures". Maryland Matters. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  23. ↑ Davis, Aaron C. (March 3, 2011). "O'Malley's wind energy plan raises cost concerns". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  24. ↑ Masters, Greg (March 30, 2012). "Maryland House approves bill to subsidize offshore wind development". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  25. ↑ Kurtz, Josh (August 21, 2018). "Water Pollution From Pa. May Propel Economic Sanctions Legislation". Maryland Matters. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  26. ↑ Hawkins, Samantha (January 15, 2020). "Lawmakers Eye Carbon Fee from Polluters to Pay Part of Kirwan Tab". Maryland Matters. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  27. ↑ Kurtz, Josh (January 21, 2020). "AG: Fossil Fuels Companies Can't Pass Carbon Fees on to Consumers". Maryland Matters. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  28. ↑ Shwe, Elizabeth (March 2, 2021). "Committee Votes Down Bill That Would Charge Carbon Fee for Polluters". Maryland Matters. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  29. ↑ Shwe, Elizabeth (February 4, 2021). "Bills Would Require State Agencies to Consider Climate Change in Key Decisions and Operations". Maryland Matters. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  30. ↑ Kurtz, Josh (February 9, 2022). "Here Are Three Smaller Climate Bills That Could Have a Big Impact". Maryland Matters. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  31. ↑ Kurtz, Josh (February 10, 2023). "State lawmakers want local governments to prepare climate crisis plans". Maryland Matters. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  32. ↑ Pollak, Suzanne (December 14, 2022). "Wes Moore eyes visit to Israel". Washington Jewish Week. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  33. 1 2 Clare, Erin (December 31, 2013). "Md. delegate: No money to ASA-affiliated groups". Washington Jewish Week. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  34. ↑ Zelaya, Ian (March 26, 2014). "Anti-boycott bill stalled in committee". Washington Jewish Week. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  35. 1 2 Altshuler, George (January 18, 2017). "Md. legislators to push anti-BDS bill". Washington Jewish Week. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  36. ↑ Kane, Alex (April 3, 2014). "Desmond Tutu: Maryland legislature's anti-boycott effort designed to 'punish and intimidate'". Mondoweiss. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  37. ↑ Tutu, Desmond (April 2, 2014). "US Efforts to Curb Freedom of Speech on Israel and Palestine are of Grave Concern" (PDF) (Press release). Oryx Media. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 7, 2014. Retrieved April 17, 2023.
  38. ↑ Dresser, Michael (February 9, 2017). "Bill brings Middle East boycott conflict to Annapolis". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  39. ↑ Wiggins, Ovetta (October 23, 2017). "Hogan signs order opposing BDS, bars state business with companies that boycott Israel". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  40. ↑ Schere, Dan (July 22, 2019). "County Officials Scold Takoma Park Over Screening of Anti-Israel Film". MoCo360. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  41. ↑ Thakker, Prem (November 9, 2023). "Maryland Democrats Threaten Funding of Immigrant Rights Group That Called for Gaza Ceasefire". The Intercept. Retrieved November 10, 2023.
  42. ↑ Kurtz, Josh (November 17, 2023). "CASA issues long-awaited apology for prior statements on Gaza conflict". Maryland Matters. Retrieved December 26, 2023.
  43. ↑ Wiggins, Ovetta (November 22, 2023). "A major immigrant rights group posted about Gaza. Its backers revolted". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  44. ↑ DePuyt, Bruce (September 13, 2018). "No Escaping Political Subtext as Panel on Regulating Booze Debuts". Maryland Matters. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  45. ↑ Dresser, Michael (February 23, 2018). "Alcohol regulator Peter Franchot, lawmakers clash in heated hearing on beer regulations". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on February 25, 2018. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  46. ↑ Dresser, Michael; Case, Wesley (March 16, 2018). "Beer reform taps out as Maryland House panel rejects Franchot brewery bill". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  47. ↑ Gaines, Danielle E. (January 8, 2019). "Task Force Recommends Removing Comptroller's Alcohol Oversight". Maryland Matters. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  48. ↑ Thompson, Steve (February 24, 2019). "Maryland officials fight over who should enforce alcohol regulations". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  49. ↑ Kurtz, Josh (February 6, 2019). "Lawmakers, Franchot Go to War Over Alcohol". Maryland Matters. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  50. ↑ Gaines, Danielle E. (November 7, 2019). "Franchot Hopes Lawmakers Reverse Course, Restore His Regulatory Powers". Maryland Matters. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  51. ↑ DePuyt, Bruce (February 22, 2019). "Lawmakers, Comptroller Trade Jabs Before Hearings on Alcohol Regulation Bills". Maryland Matters. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  52. ↑ Schere, Dan (February 5, 2019). "Franchot, Kramer Trade Sharp Jabs Over Roles with Alcohol Businesses". MoCo360. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  53. ↑ Wood, Pamela (February 6, 2019). "Maryland comptroller blasts bill stripping his authority over the state's alcohol, tobacco and gas industries". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  54. ↑ DePuyt, Bruce (February 25, 2019). "Franchot to File Ethics Complaint Against Senator Following Explosive Accusation at Hearing". Maryland Matters. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  55. ↑ Thompson, Steve (February 26, 2019). "Comptroller Franchot's office files ethics complaint against Sen. Kramer". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  56. ↑ Kurtz, Josh (March 27, 2021). "Senator Stalls Nominees to Alcohol Commission He Helped Create". Maryland Matters. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  57. ↑ Broadwater, Luke; Wood, Pamela (March 6, 2019). "After years of feuding with fellow Democrats, Maryland Comptroller Franchot at risk of losing regulatory roles". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  58. ↑ Wiggins, Ovetta (March 11, 2016). "Md. House advances expanded mandatory use of Breathalyzers". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  59. ↑ Wiggins, Ovetta (May 19, 2016). "Hogan signs Noah's Law, police and criminal justice reform bills". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  60. ↑ Chason, Rachel (April 24, 2018). "Gov. Hogan signed a law banning Maryland pet stores from using 'puppy mills.' Store owners are pushing back". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  61. ↑ DePuyt, Bruce (May 14, 2022). "Lawmakers Demand End to 'Barbaric' Treatment of Animals by Maryland-Bound Firm". Maryland Matters. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  62. ↑ Schere, Dan (May 13, 2022). "Protesters outside Rockville biopharmaceutical facility demand parent company release beagles used in testing". MoCo360. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  63. ↑ "Md. Debuts Program Offering Routine Calls to Check on Older Residents". Maryland Matters. January 3, 2020. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  64. ↑ Leckrone, Bennett (April 8, 2022). "Senate Debates Bills to Add Qualifications to High-Level Executive Positions". Maryland Matters. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  65. ↑ Leckrone, Bennett (July 21, 2020). "Election Officials Seek Extra $20M for November; House Dems Press Hogan on Mailers". Maryland Matters. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  66. ↑ Leckrone, Bennett (July 22, 2020). "'This Is Voter Suppression,' Protesters Say of Hogan's Plans for the Fall". Maryland Matters. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  67. ↑ Leckrone, Bennett (April 23, 2021). "As Other States Move to Restrict Voting, the Maryland General Assembly Passed Bills to Expand Access". Maryland Matters. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  68. ↑ Gaines, Danielle E. (March 23, 2023). "Ocean City hotel tax effort stalls after debate in Maryland Senate". Maryland Matters. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  69. ↑ "Montgomery County, Maryland - Primary Election Returns 1998". Maryland Manual On-Line. Maryland State Archives. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  70. ↑ "Official 2006 Gubernatorial Primary Election results for Legislative District 19". Maryland State Board of Elections.
  71. ↑ "Official 2006 Gubernatorial General Election results for Legislative District 19". Maryland State Board of Elections.
  72. ↑ "Special Primary Election County Council District 4". www.montgomerycountymd.gov. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  73. ↑ "Official 2010 Gubernatorial General Election results for House of Delegates". Maryland State Board of Elections.
  74. ↑ "Official 2014 Gubernatorial General Election results for House of Delegates". Maryland State Board of Elections.
  75. ↑ "Official 2018 Gubernatorial Primary Election results for State Senator". Maryland State Board of Elections.
  76. ↑ "Official 2018 Gubernatorial General Election results for State Senator". Maryland State Board of Elections.
  77. ↑ "Official 2018 Gubernatorial General Election results for State Senator". Maryland State Board of Elections.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Benjamin F. Kramer.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.