Bangka Malay
Bahasa Bangka
Native toIndonesia
RegionSumatra
Native speakers
340,000 (2000 census)[1]
DialectsMentok
Belinyu
Sungailiat
Koba
Toboali
Lom
Language codes
ISO 639-3mfb
Glottologbang1365
ELPBangka

Bangka or Bangka Malay, is a Malayic language spoken in Indonesia, specifically on the Island of Bangka in the Bangka Belitung Islands of Sumatra.[2] There are several dialects of Bangka Malay, including Mentok, Belinyu, Sungailiat, Koba, Toboali and Lom (Belom, Mapor). The Lom community has lived separately from mainstream Malay and is known for refusing Islam. Bangka Malay has a distinct vocabulary, grammar and phonology from other Malay languages.[1]

Phonology

Consonants

Bangka Malay has 19 consonants.[3]

Labial Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Plosive/

Affricate

 voiceless p t t͡ʃ k ʔ
voiced b d d͡ʒ ɡ
Fricative voiceless s
voiced z
Approximant l j w
Trill r

Notes:

  • In writing, the following phonemes are represented as thus:[4]
    • /ŋ/ is ⟨ng⟩
    • /ɲ/ is ⟨ny⟩
    • /t͡ʃ/ is ⟨c⟩
    • /d͡ʒ/ is ⟨j⟩
    • /ʔ/ is ⟨k⟩
  • /ʔ/ only occurs root-finally.[3]
  • Unlike Standard Malay and Indonesian, Bangka Malay has no /h/ phoneme.[3]
  • Final /ʔ/ in some root words in Bangka Malay correspond to Standard Malay/Indonesian /h/ such as Bangka Malay tarok /taroʔ/ which corresponds to Standard Malay/Indonesian taruh /taruh/ "to place".[3]

Vowels

Bangka Malay possesses 6 phonemic vowels /i, ə, e, a, o, u/.[4]

Front Central Back
Close i u
Mid e ə o
Open a

Notes:

  • In writing, /e/ and /ə/ are both represented as ⟨e⟩.[4]
  • Final /a/ in Baku Malay/Indonesian correspond to /ə/ in Bangka Malay, so Baku Malay/Indonesian ada /ada/ "to have" corresponds to Bangka Malay ade /adə/.[3]
  • Baku Malay/Indonesian /i/ and /u/ in closed syllables correspond to lower /e/ and /o/ in Bangka Malay, so Baku Malay/Indonesian pasir /pasir/ "sand" and taruh /taruh/ "to place" correspond to Bangka Malay paser /paser/ and tarok /taroʔ/.[3]

Morphology

Verb-deriving affixes

In Bangka Malay, there are four types of verb-deriving affixes,[5] which are:

  1. The interchangeable nasal prefixes, ngeN- /ŋəN-/ and N- /N-/
  2. The be- /bə-/ prefix (with a ber- [bər-] allomorph before vowel-initial roots)
  3. The te- /tə-/ prefix (with a ter- [tər-] allomorph before vowel roots)
  4. The applicative suffixes, -ek /-eʔ/ and -kan /-kan/

Noun-deriving affixes

Bangka Malay has one noun-deriving affix:[6]

  1. The pe- -an /pə- -an/ circumfix (with a per- -an [pər- -an] allomorph with vowel-initial roots)

References

Citations

  1. 1 2 Bangka Malay at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ↑ "Indonesiatraveling.com". Archived from the original on 2011-02-22. Retrieved 2010-09-14.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Miyake, Sarman & Fithrorozi 2022, p. 4.
  4. 1 2 3 Miyake, Sarman & Fithrorozi 2022, p. 3.
  5. ↑ Miyake, Sarman & Fithrorozi 2022, pp. 4–5.
  6. ↑ Miyake, Sarman & Fithrorozi 2022, p. 5.

Bibliography

  • Miyake, Yoshimi; Sarman, Hendry; Fithrorozi (31 March 2022). "A preliminary study of Belitung Malay". NUSA: Linguistic studies of languages in and around Indonesia. 72: 17. Retrieved 2 January 2024 – via TUFS Prometheus Academic Collections.
Bangka Malay test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator
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