This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture. Boiling points are reported at a pressure of 760 mm Hg unless otherwise stated. Where the mixture separates into layers, values are shown for upper (U) and lower (L) layers.
The data were obtained from Lange's 10th edition[1] and CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th edition[2] unless otherwise noted (see color code table).
A list of 15825 binary and ternary mixtures was collated and published by the American Chemical Society.[3] An azeotrope databank is also available online through the University of Edinburgh.[4]
Binary azeotropes
| Data source color code | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| CRC & Lange's | CRC only | Lange's only | other (see references) |
‡ CRC 44th ed. lists azeotropes for acetic acid/water and acetone/water, Lange's 10th ed. as well as numerous web sources indicate no azeotrope for these pairs.
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
‡ CRC and Lange's disagree on this azeotrope, but web source corroborates CRC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| component 1 | b.p. comp. 1 (˚C) | component 2 | b.p. comp. 2 (˚C) | b.p. azeo. (˚C) | % wt comp. 1 | % wt comp. 2 | spec. grav. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| acetaldehyde | 21.0 | diethyl ether | 34.6 | 20.5 | 76.0 | 24.0 | 0.762 | |
| n-butane[13] | –0.5 | –7.0 | 16.0 | 84.0 | ||||
| acetamide | 222.0 | benzaldehyde | 179.5 | 178.6 | 6.5 | 93.5 | ||
| nitrobenzene | 210.9 | 202.0 | 24.0 | 76.0 | ||||
| o-xylene | 144.1 | 142.6 | 11.0 | 89.0 | ||||
| acetonitrile | 82.0 | ethyl acetate | 77.15 | 74.8 | 23.0 | 77.0 | ||
| toluene[14] | 110.6 | 81.1 | 76.0 | 24.0 | ||||
| acetylene | –86.6 | ethane | –88.3 | –94.5 | 40.7 | 59.3 | ||
| aniline | 184.4 | o-cresol | 191.5 | 191.3 | 8.0 | 92.0 | ||
| carbon disulfide | 46.2 | diethyl ether | 34.6 | 34.4 | 1.0 | 99.0 | 0.719 | |
| 1,1-dichloroethane | 57.2 | 46.0 | 94.0 | 6.0 | ||||
| methyl ethyl ketone | 79.6 | 45.9 | 84.7 | 15.3 | 1.157 | |||
| ethyl acetate[6] | 77.1 | 46.1 | 97 | 3 | ||||
| methyl acetate[6] | 57.0 | 40.2 | 73 | 27 | ||||
| chloroform | 61.2 | methyl ethyl ketone | 79.6 | 79.9 | 17.0 | 83.0 | 0.877 | |
| n-hexane | 68.7 | 60.0 | 72.0 | 28.0 | 1.101 | |||
| carbon tetrachloride | 76.8 | methyl ethyl ketone | 79.9 | 73.8 | 71.0 | 29.0 | 1.247 | |
| ethylene dichloride | 84.0 | 75.3 | 78.0 | 22.0 | 1.500 | |||
| ethyl acetate | 77.1 | 74.8 | 57.0 | 43.0 | 1.202 | |||
| cyclohexane | 80.74 | ethyl acetate | 77.15 | 72.8 | 46.0 | 54.0 | ||
| ethyl nitrate | 88.7 | 74.5 | 64.0 | 36.0 | ||||
| diethyl ether | 34.6 | methyl formate | 31.50 | 28.2 | 44.0 | 56.0 | ||
| methylene chloride[5] | 40 | 40.8 | 30 | 70 | ||||
| nitromethane | 101.0 | toluene | 110.8 | 96.5 | 55.0 | 45.0 | ||
| tetrahydrofuran[16] | 65.6 | chloroform | 61.2 | 72.5 | 34.5 | 65.5 | ||
| n-hexane | 69 | 63.0 | 46.5 | 53.5 | ||||
| toluene | 110.63 | pyridine | 115.3 | 110.2 | 78.0 | 22.0 | ||
| propylene glycol[18] | 188.2 | aniline | 184.4 | 179.5 | 43 | 57 | ||
| o-xylene | 144.4 | 135.8 | 10 | 90 | ||||
| toluene | 110.6 | 110.5 | 1.5 | 98.5 |
Ternary azeotropes
Tables of various ternary azeotropes (that is azeotropes consisting of three components). Fraction percentages are given by weight.
| Data source color code | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| CRC & Lange's | CRC only | Lange's only | other (see references) |
| 2nd component | b.p. 2nd comp. (˚C) | 3rd component | b.p. 3rd comp. (˚C) | b.p. azeo. (˚C) | % wt 1st | % wt 2nd | % wt 3rd | spec. grav | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ethanol | 78.4 | ethyl acetate | 77.1 | 70.3 °C | 7.8 | 9.0 | 83.2 | 0.901 | |
| cyclohexane | 80.8 | 62.1 | 7 | 17 | 76 | ||||
| benzene | 80.2 | 64.9 | 7.4 U 1.3 L 43.1 | 18.5 U 12.7 L 52.1 | 74.1 U 86.0 L 4.8 |
U 0.866 L 0.892 | |||
| chloroform | 61.2 | 55.5 | 3.5 U 80.8 L 0.5 | 4.0 U 18.2 L 3.7 | 92.5 U 1.0 L 95.8 |
U 0.976 L 1.441 | |||
| carbon tetrachloride | 86.8 | 61.8 | 4.3 | 9.7 | 86.0 | ||||
| 3.4 U 44.5 L <0.1 | 10.3 U 48.5 L 5.2 | 86.3 U 7.0 L 94.8 |
U 0.935 L 1.519 | ||||||
| ethylene chloride | 83.7 | 66.7 | 5 | 17 | 78 | ||||
| acetonitrile | 82.0 | 72.9 | 1.0 | 55.0 | 44.0 | ||||
| toluene | 110.6 | 74.4 | 12.0 U 3.1 L 20.7 | 37.0 U 15.6 L 54.8 | 51.0 U 81.3 L 24.5 | U 0.849 L 0.855 | |||
| methyl ethyl ketone | 79.6 | 73.2 | 11.0 | 14.0 | 75.0 | 0.832 | |||
| n-hexane | 69.0 | 56.0 | 3.0 U 0.5 L 19.0 | 12.0 U 3.0 L 75.0 | 85.0 U 96.5 L 6.0 |
U 0.672 L 0.833 | |||
| n-heptane | 98.4 | 68.8 | 6.1 U 0.2 L 15.0 | 33.0 U 5.0 L 75.9 | 60.9 U 94.8 L 9.1 | U 0.686 L 0.801 | |||
| carbon disulfide | 46.2 | 41.3 | 1.6 | 5.0 | 93.4 | ||||
| n-propanol | 97.2 | cyclohexane | 80.8 | 66.6 | 8.5 | 10.0 | 81.5 | ||
| benzene | 80.2 | 68.5 | 8.6 | 9.0 | 82.4 | ||||
| carbon tetrachloride | 76.8 | 65.4 | 5 U 84.9 L 1.0 | 11 U 15.0 L 11.0 | 84 U 0.1 L 88.0 |
U 0.979 L 1.436 | |||
| diethyl ketone | 102.2 | 81.2 | 20 | 20 | 60 | ||||
| n-propyl acetate | 101.6 | 82.2 | 21.0 | 19.5 | 59.5 | ||||
| Isopropyl alcohol | 82.5 | cyclohexane | 80.8 | 64.3 | 7.5 | 18.5 | 74.0 | ||
| 66.1 | 7.5 | 21.5 | 71.0 | ||||||
| benzene | 80.2 °C | 66.5 | 7.5 | 18.7 | 73.8 | ||||
| 65.7 °C | 8.2 U 2.3 L 85.1 | 19.8 U 20.2 L 14.4 | 72.0 U 77.5 L 0.5 | U 0.855 L 0.966 | |||||
| methyl ethyl ketone | 79.6 | 73.4 | 11.0 | 1.0 | 88.0 | 0.834 | |||
| toluene | 110.6 | 76.3 | 13.1 U 8.5 L 61.0 | 38.2 U 38.2 L 38.0 | 48.7 U 53.3 L 1.0 | U 0.845 L 0.930 | |||
| allyl alcohol | 97.0 | n-hexane | 69.0 | 59.7 | 5 U 0.5 L 64.4 | 5 U 3.6 L 34.8 | 90 U 95.9 L 0.8 |
U 0.668 L 0.964 | |
| benzene | 80.2 | 68.2 | 8.6 U 0.6 L 80.9 | 9.2 U 8.7 L 17.7 | 82.2 U 90.7 L 0.4 |
U 0.877 L 0.985 | |||
| cyclohexane | 80.8 | 66.2 | 8 | 11 | 81 | ||||
| carbon tetrachloride | 76.8 | 65.2 | 5 U 71.7 L 0.8 | 11 U 25.6 L 10.1 | 84 U 2.7 L 89.1 |
U 0.777 L 1.464 | |||
| benzene | 80.1 | acetonitrile | 82.0 | 66.0 | 8.2 | 68.5 | 23.3 | ||
| methyl ethyl ketone | 79.6 | 68.2 | 8.8 U 0.6 L 94.7 | 65.1 U 71.3 L 0.1 | 26.1 U 28.1 L 5.2 | U 0.858 L 0.992 | |||
| methyl ethyl ketone | 79.6 | carbon tetrachloride | 76.8 | 65.7 | 3.0 U 94.4 L 0.1 |
22.2 U 5.5 L 22.6 |
74.8 U 0.1 L 77.3 |
U 0.993 L 1.313 | |
| cyclohexane | 81.0 | 63.6 | 5.0 U 0.6 L 89.9 | 60.0 U 37.0 L 10.0 | 35.0 U 62.4 L 0.1 | U 0.769 L 0.98 | |||
| chloroform | 61.2 | methanol | 64.65 | 52.6 | 4.0 U 27.0 L 3.0 |
81.0 U 32.0 L 83.0 |
15.0 U 41.0 L 14.0 |
U 1.022 L 1.399 | |
| acetone‡ | 56.5 | 60.4 | 4.0 | 57.6 | 38.4 |
‡Saddle azeotrope
| 2nd component | b.p. 2nd comp. (˚C) | 3rd component | b.p. 3rd comp. (˚C) | b.p. azeo. (˚C) | % wt 1st | % wt 2nd | % wt 3rd | spec. grav | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| acetone | 56.5 | chloroform‡ | 61.2 | 57.5 | 23.0 | 30.0 | 47.0 | ||
| methyl acetate | 57.0 | 53.7 | 17.4 | 5.8 | 76.8 | 0.898 | |||
| cyclohexane | 81.4 | 51.5 | 16.0 | 43.5 | 40.5 | ||||
| methyl acetate | 57.1 | carbon disulfide | 46.2 | 37.0 | |||||
| cyclohexane | 81.4 | 50.8 | 17.8 | 48.6 | 33.6 | ||||
| n-hexane | 69.0 | 45.0 | 14.0 | 27.0 | 59.0 | 0.73 |
‡Saddle azeotrope
References
- ↑ Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. pp. 1496–1505
- ↑ CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 44th ed. pp. 2143–2184
- 1 2 3 4 5 Lee H. Horsley, ed. (1 June 1973). Azeotropic Data—III. Advances in Chemistry Series No. 166. Vol. 116. American Chemical Society. doi:10.1021/ba-1973-0116. ISBN 9780841201668.
- ↑ "Azeotrope Databank".
- 1 2 3 4 5 "What is an Azeotrope?". B/R Corporation. Archived from the original on 24 April 2007. Retrieved 24 March 2007.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 John Durkee (November 2000). "Binary Organic Azeotropes Useful for Solvent Cleaning" (PDF). metalfinishing.com. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
- 1 2 Hilmen, Eva-Katrine (November 2000). "Separation of Azeotropic Mixtures: Tools for Analysis and Studies on Batch Distillation Operation" (PDF). Norwegian University of Science and Technology, dept. of Chemical Engineering. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2004. Retrieved 24 March 2007.
- ↑ Composition of Vapors from Boiling Binary Solutions J. J. Conti, D. F. Othmer, Roger Gilmont. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1960, 5 (3), pp. 301–307 doi:10.1021/je60007a019
- ↑ US4826576A, Berg, Lloyd & Yeh, An-I., "Separation of isopropyl acetate from isopropanol by extractive distillation", issued 1989-05-02
- ↑ "Modeling and optimization of pressure distillation to achieve pharma-grade THF".
- ↑ Merck Index of Chemicals and Drugs, 9th ed. monograph 4653
- 1 2 Reinders, W.; de Minjer, C. H. (3 September 2010). "Vapour-liquid equilibria in ternary systems. V. The system water-formic acid-metaxylene". Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas. 66 (9): 564–572. doi:10.1002/recl.19470660905.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ponton, Jack (September 2001). "Azeotrope Databank". The Edinburgh Collection of Open Software for Simulation and Education, University of Edinburgh. Archived from the original (Queriable database) on 24 April 2007. Retrieved 24 March 2007.
- 1 2 3 "Binary Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data" (Queriable database). Chemical Engineering Research Information Center.
- ↑ Rumble, John (2020). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (101 ed.). Taylor & Francis Group.
- 1 2 "Tetrahydrofuran (THF) Storage and Handling" (PDF). BASF. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2005. Retrieved 24 May 2007.
- ↑ US US2530325, Carl S Carlson, "Azeotropic distillation of mesitylene from isophorone", published 1950-11-14, issued 1950-11-14
- ↑ "1,2-Propanediol". ChemIndustry.ru. Archived from the original on 21 December 2007. Retrieved 28 December 2007.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.