Austral negrito
Male
Female
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Tyrannidae
Genus: Lessonia
Species:
L. rufa
Binomial name
Lessonia rufa
(Gmelin, JF, 1789)
  Breeding
  Non-Breeding

The austral negrito or Patagonian negrito (Lessonia rufa) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae. It breeds in Argentina and Chile, migrating north as far as Bolivia, southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. It is a vagrant to the Falkland Islands and the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands territory. It has also been seen in the South Shetland Islands.[2] Its natural habitats are freshwater lakes and saline marshes. It is primarily insectivorous[3] but can eat algae.[2] It hunts in grassland environments with short grass.[4] It perches and moves throughout foliage such as shrubs in order to find prey.[3]

Taxonomy

The austral negrito was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with the larks in the genus Alauda and coined the binomial name Alauda rufa.[5][6] The specific epithet is from Latin rufus meaning "red", "ruddy" or "rufous".[7] Gmelin based his description on "L'alouette noire à dos fauve" from Buenos Aires that had been described in 1778 by the French polymath, the Comte de Buffon and illustrated with a hand-coloured engraving by François-Nicolas Martinet.[8][9] The austral negrito is now placed together with the Andean negrito in the genus Lessonia that was introduced in 1832 by William Swainson.[10] The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.[10]

References

  1. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Lessonia rufa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22700216A93764389. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22700216A93764389.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 Gryz, Piotr; Korczak−Abshire, Małgorzata; Gerlée, Alina (2015-09-01). "First record of the Austral Negrito (Aves: Passeriformes) from the South Shetlands, Antarctica". Polish Polar Research. 36 (3): 297–304. doi:10.1515/popore-2015-0018. ISSN 2081-8262.
  3. 1 2 Gorosito, Cristian Andrés; Cueto, Víctor Rodolfo (2019-12-07). "Do small cities affect bird assemblages? An evaluation from Patagonia". Urban Ecosystems. 23 (2): 289–300. doi:10.1007/s11252-019-00915-0. ISSN 1083-8155. S2CID 208745995.
  4. ↑ Azpiroz, Adrián B.; Isacch, Juan Pablo; Dias, Rafael A.; Di Giacomo, Adrián S.; Fontana, Carla Suertegaray; Palarea, Cristina Morales (2012-08-24). "Ecology and conservation of grassland birds in southeastern South America: a review". Journal of Field Ornithology. 83 (3): 217–246. doi:10.1111/j.1557-9263.2012.00372.x. ISSN 0273-8570.
  5. ↑ Gmelin, Johann Friedrich (1789). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 2 (13th ed.). Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 792.
  6. ↑ Traylor, Melvin A. Jr, ed. (1979). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 8. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 173.
  7. ↑ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 341. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  8. ↑ Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de (1778). "L'alouette noire à dos fauve". Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux (in French). Vol. 5. Paris: De l'Imprimerie Royale. pp. 23–24.
  9. ↑ Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de; Martinet, François-Nicolas; Daubenton, Edme-Louis; Daubenton, Louis-Jean-Marie (1765–1783). "Alouette noire, de la Encenada". Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle. Vol. 8. Paris: De L'Imprimerie Royale. Plate 738, Fig. 2.
  10. 1 2 Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2023). "Tyrant flycatchers". IOC World Bird List Version 13.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 20 March 2023.


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