Aurelia limbata
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Scyphozoa
Order: Semaeostomeae
Family: Ulmaridae
Genus: Aurelia
Species:
A. limbata
Binomial name
Aurelia limbata
Brandt, 1835

Aurelia limbata, the brown-banded moon jelly, is a type of moon jelly that occurs in various places throughout the Pacific Ocean.

Taxonomy

Aurelia limbata is in the genus Aurelia, which is commonly called moon jellies. Aurelia is the most common and widely distributed species of jellyfish.[1] A. aurita is the closest relative to A. limbata, because they have a similar gene orientation[2] and the same life cycle.[3]

Description

Brown moon jellies have eight rhopalia (sensory structures) and numerous thin and long tentacles.[4] Their bell, or body, is 25–30 centimetres (9.8–11.8 in) in diameter.[3][5] A. limbata has a cup-like calyx.[6] Most of the female A. limbata observed had golden yellow planulae that were located in brood pouches on their oral arms.[3]

Similar species

A. limbata was previously identified as Aurelia aurita, but it was eventually considered its own species.[7] They can be differentiated from A. aurita by the fact that A. limbata are larger, have a 16-scalloped umbrella, and are of chocolate brown color.[4] Additionally, A. limbata, a polar species, has mostly been found in Asian Pacific waters and close to Alaska, whereas A. aurita is common in nearshore waters.[7]

A. limbata may be a color morph of its cousin Aurelia labiata.[8]

Habitat and distribution

A. limbata can be found near Korea, Japan, Sea of Okhotsk, Alaska, and the Bering Sea. This species of moon jelly prefers cold waters[3] and is an epipelagic species,[3] preferring polar seas below 70°N.[7] Usually, species of the genus Aurelia are not found in deeper waters, but the brown-banded jelly prefers deeper waters and are highly active in them.[3] Aurelia typically performs vertical migrations at dusk.[9]

A. limbata medusae (motile, reproductive stage of development) have been observed in the benthopelagic layer, where they can be collected with a bottom trawl net and where they tend to aggregate from spring to fall.[3]

Behaviour

A. limbata swims against the current with an obliquely upward direction of its aboral surface; individuals swim vigorously with strong bell contractions.[5] A. limbata have temperature-dependent metabolisms.[10] A. limbata can be manipulated and ingested by ophiuroids (big group of echinoderms).[5]

Diet

Brown-banded moon jellies predate upon Larval decapods.[4]

Reproduction

Not much is known about their reproductive behaviour due to their occurrence at such deep depths, but they are known to reproduce asexually.[11] Strobilation can be induced by a period of low temperatures, and they strobilate throughout the year in low temperatures.[3]

Further reading

  • Miyake, H., Lindsay, D. J., Hunt, J. C., & Hamatsu, T. (2002). "Scyphomedusa Aurelia limbata (Brandt, 1838) found in deep waters off Kushiro, Hokkaido, Northern Japan". Plankton Biology and Ecology, 49(1), 44-46
  • Miyake, H., Lindsay, D., Kitamura, M, & Nishida, S. (2005). "Occurrence of the Scyphomedusa Parumbrosa polylobata Kishinouye, 1910 in Suruga Bay, Japan". Plankton Biology and Ecology, 52(1), 58–66

References

  1. ↑ Albert, David J. (January 2011). "What's on the mind of a jellyfish? A review of behavioural observations on Aurelia sp. jellyfish". Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 35 (3): 474–482. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.06.001. PMID 20540961. S2CID 11540628.
  2. ↑ Karagozlu, Mustafa Zafer; Seo, Yoseph; Ki, Jang-Seu; Kim, Chang-Bae (2019-01-02). "The complete mitogenome of brownbranded moon jellyfish Aurelia limbata (Cnidaria, Semaeostomeae, Ulmaridae) with phylogenetic analysis". Mitochondrial DNA Part B. 4 (1): 1875–1876. doi:10.1080/23802359.2019.1614494. ISSN 2380-2359.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Shibata, Haruka; Miyake, Hiroshi; Goto, Tomoaki; Adachi, Aya; Toshino, Sho (2015). "Wild polyps of the blooming jellyfish Aurelia limbata (Brandt, 1838) (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) found on deep-sea debris off Sanriku, Japan". Plankton and Benthos Research. 10 (3): 133–140. doi:10.3800/pbr.10.133. ISSN 1880-8247.
  4. 1 2 3 Chang, Soo-Jung; Kim, Jung Nyun; Yoon, Won-Duk; Ki, Jang-Seu (2016-10-31). "First Record of Two Cold-Water Jellyfishes Aurelia limbata and Parumbrosa polylobata (Scyphozoa: Semaeostomeae: Ulmaridae) in Korean Coastal Waters". Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity. 32 (4): 272–280. doi:10.5635/ASED.2016.32.4.037.
  5. 1 2 3 Toshino, Sho; Miyake, Hiroshi; Ohtsuka, Susumu; Okuizumi, Kazuya; Adachi, Aya; Hamatsu, Yoshimi; Urata, Makoto; Nakaguchi, Kazumitsu; Yamaguchi, Syuhei (2013). "Development and polyp formation of the giant box jellyfish Morbakka virulenta (Kishinouye, 1910) (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) collected from the Seto Inland Sea, western Japan". Plankton and Benthos Research. 8 (1): 1–8. doi:10.3800/pbr.8.1. ISSN 1880-8247.
  6. ↑ Gambill, Maria; Jarms, Gerhard (2014-12-26). "Can Aurelia (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) species be differentiated by comparing their scyphistomae and ephyrae?". European Journal of Taxonomy (107). doi:10.5852/ejt.2014.107. ISSN 2118-9773.
  7. 1 2 3 Dawson, Michael N.; Jacobs, David K. (October 2000). "Molecular Evidence for Cryptic Species of Aurelia aurita (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa)". The Biological Bulletin. 200 (1): 92–96. doi:10.2307/1543089. ISSN 0006-3185. JSTOR 1543089. PMID 11249217. S2CID 19337718.
  8. ↑ Gershwin, Lisa-ann (August 2001). "Systematics and Biogeography of the Jellyfish Aurelia labiata (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)". The Biological Bulletin. 201 (1): 104–119. doi:10.2307/1543531. ISSN 0006-3185. JSTOR 1543531. PMID 11526069. S2CID 33294412.
  9. ↑ Malej, A.; Turk, V.; Lučić, D.; Benović, A. (May 2007). "Direct and indirect trophic interactions of Aurelia sp. (Scyphozoa) in a stratified marine environment (Mljet Lakes, Adriatic Sea)". Marine Biology. 151 (3): 827–841. Bibcode:2007MarBi.151..827M. doi:10.1007/s00227-006-0503-1. ISSN 0025-3162. S2CID 16964995.
  10. ↑ Schroth, Werner; Jarms, Gerhard; Streit, Bruno; Schierwater, Bernd (2002). "[Speciation and phylogeography in the cosmopolitan marine moon jelly, Aurelia sp". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2 (1): 1. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-2-1. PMC 64640. PMID 11801181.
  11. ↑ Gambill, Maria; Peck, Myron A. (October 2014). "Respiration rates of the polyps of four jellyfish species: Potential thermal triggers and limits". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 459: 17–22. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2014.05.005.
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