Asiatic salamanders
Temporal range:
Hynobius fossigenus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Urodela
Suborder: Cryptobranchoidea
Family: Hynobiidae
Cope, 1859
Genera

Batrachuperus
Hynobius
Liua
Onychodactylus
Pachyhynobius
Paradactylodon
Pseudohynobius
Ranodon
Salamandrella

The Asiatic salamanders (family Hynobiidae) are primitive salamanders found all over Asia, and in European Russia. They are closely related to the giant salamanders (family Cryptobranchidae), with which they form the suborder Cryptobranchoidea. About half of hynobiids currently described are endemic to Japan.[1]

Hynobiid salamanders practice external fertilization, or spawning. And, unlike other salamander families which reproduce internally, male hynobiids focus on egg sacs rather than females during breeding.[2] The female lays two egg sacs at a time, each containing up to 70 eggs. Parental care is common.[3]

A few species have very reduced lungs, or no lungs at all. Larvae can sometimes have reduced external gills if they live in cold and very oxygen-rich water.[4]

Fossils of hynobiids are known from the Miocene to the present in Asia and Eastern Europe, though fossils of Cryptobranchoids more closely related to hynobiids than to giant salamanders extend back to the Middle Jurassic.[5]

Phylogeny

Cladograms based on the work of Pyron and Wiens (2011)[6] and modified using Mikko Haaramo [7]

?†Iridotriton hechti

?†Liaoxitriton

?Protohynobius puxiongensis

Onychodactylus

Pachyhynobius shangchengensis

Salamandrella

Hynobiinae

Hynobius

Ranodon sibiricus

Paradactylodon

Batrachuperus

Liua

Pseudohynobius

Classification

Currently, 81 species are known. These genera make up the Hynobiidae:

Subfamily Hynobiinae

Subfamily Onychodactylinae

  • Genus Onychodactylus (clawed salamanders)
    • Onychodactylus fischeri (Boulenger, 1886)
    • Onychodactylus fuscus Yoshikawa and Matsui, 2014
    • Onychodactylus intermedius Nishikawa and Matsui, 2014
    • Onychodactylus japonicus (Houttuyn, 1782)
    • Onychodactylus kinneburi Yoshikawa, Matsui, Tanabe, and Okayama, 2013
    • Onychodactylus koreanus Min, Poyarkov, and Vieites, 2012
    • Onychodactylus nipponoborealis Kuro-o, Poyarkov, and Vieites, 2012
    • Onychodactylus tsukubaensis Yoshikawa and Matsui, 2013
    • Onychodactylus zhangyapingi Che, Poyarkov, and Yan, 2012
    • Onychodactylus zhaoermii Che, Poyarkov, and Yan, 2012

References

  1. ↑ (Hasumi 2002).
  2. ↑ (Hasumi, 2002).
  3. ↑ Lanza, B.; Vanni., S. & Nistri, A. (1998). Cogger, H.G. & Zweifel, R.G. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 69. ISBN 0-12-178560-2.
  4. ↑ Hasumi, M. (2002). About hynobiids. Retrieved May 8, 2005 from .
  5. ↑ Jia, Jia; Anderson, Jason S.; Gao, Ke-Qin (2021-07-23). "Middle Jurassic stem hynobiids from China shed light on the evolution of basal salamanders". iScience. 24 (7): 102744. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.102744. ISSN 2589-0042. PMC 8264161. PMID 34278256.
  6. ↑ Pyron, R.A.; Weins, J.J. (2011). "A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of advanced frogs, salamanders, and caecilians" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 61 (2): 543–853. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.06.012. PMID 21723399.
  7. ↑ Haaramo, Mikko (2011). "Caudata – salamanders". Mikko's Phylogeny Archive.
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