Asian Americans represent a growing share of the national population and of the electorate.[1] The lower political participation of Asian Americans has been raised as a concern, especially as it relates to their influence on politics in the United States.[2][3] In the 21st century, Asian Americans have become a key Democratic Party constituency.[4][5]

Officeholders

Elected national officials

Vice president

NameImageTermEthnicityStatePartyOffices held
Kamala Harris
(1964–)		2021–presentIndian AmericanCaliforniaDemocraticHarris, who is half Indian American,[6] became the US' first female vice president, the highest-ranking female elected official in U.S. history, and the first African-American and first Asian-American vice president.[7][8]

Congress

Senate

(Note: Senators are organized first in chronological order according to their first term in office, then second in alphabetical order according to their surname.)

Senator Asian and/or
Pacific Islander ethnicity		 Party State Tenure Notes
Term start Term end Length of service
Sen. Fong Hiram Fong
(1906–2004)		 Chinese[S 1] Republican Hawaii August 21, 1959 January 3, 1977 17 years, 135 days Retired
Sen. Inouye Daniel Inouye
(1924–2012)		 Japanese[S 2] Democratic Hawaii January 3, 1963 December 17, 2012 49 years, 349 days Died in office
Sen. Hayakawa S. I. Hayakawa
(1906–1992)		 Japanese Republican California January 2, 1977 January 3, 1983 6 years, 1 day Retired
Sen. Matsunaga Spark Matsunaga
(1916–1990)		 Japanese Democratic Hawaii January 3, 1977 April 15, 1990 13 years, 102 days Died in office
Sen. Akaka Daniel Akaka
(1924–2018)		 Hawaiian,
Chinese[S 3]		 Democratic Hawaii May 16, 1990 January 3, 2013 22 years, 232 days Initially appointed; later re-elected
Retired
Sen. Ensign John Ensign
(born 1958)		 Filipino[S 4] Republican Nevada January 3, 2001 May 3, 2011 10 years, 120 days Resigned
Sen. Hirono Mazie Hirono
(born 1947)		 Japanese[S 5] Democratic Hawaii January 3, 2013 Incumbent 11 years, 10 days
Sen. Duckworth Tammy Duckworth
(born 1968)		 Thai,
Chinese[S 6]		 Democratic Illinois January 3, 2017 Incumbent 7 years, 10 days
Sen. Harris Kamala Harris
(born 1964)		 Indian[S 7] Democratic California January 3, 2017 January 18, 2021 4 years, 15 days Resigned to become Vice President
  1. ↑ First American of Chinese ancestry elected to Congress
  2. ↑ First Japanese American elected to the Senate
  3. ↑ First Native Hawaiian to serve in the Senate
  4. ↑ First person of Filipino ancestry elected to the Senate
  5. ↑ First Asian-American woman elected to the Senate
  6. ↑ First Thai American elected to the Senate
  7. ↑ First person of South Asian ancestry elected to the Senate; together with Pramila Jayapal, first Indian-American woman elected to Congress

House of Representatives

(Note: Representatives are organized first in chronological order according to their first term in office, then second in alphabetical order according to their surname.)

Representative Asian and/or
Pacific Islander ethnicity		 Party State Tenure Notes
Term start Term end Length of service
Rep. Saund Dalip Singh Saund
(1899–1973)		 Indian[H 1] Democratic California January 3, 1957 January 3, 1963 6 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Rep. Inouye Daniel Inouye
(1924–2012)		 Japanese[H 2] Democratic Hawaii August 21, 1959 January 3, 1963 3 years, 135 days Retired to run successfully for U.S. Senate
Rep. Matsunaga Spark Matsunaga
(1916–1990)		 Japanese Democratic Hawaii January 3, 1963 January 3, 1977 14 years, 0 days Retired to run successfully for U.S. Senate
Rep. Mink Patsy Mink
(1927–2002)		 Japanese[H 3] Democratic Hawaii January 3, 1965 January 3, 1977 12 years, 0 days Retired to run unsuccessfully for U.S. Senate
September 22, 1990 September 28, 2002 12 years, 6 days Died in office
Rep. Mineta Norman Mineta
(1931–2022)		 Japanese Democratic California January 3, 1975 October 10, 1995 20 years, 280 days Resigned
Later served as Secretary of Commerce and Secretary of Transportation
Rep. Akaka Daniel Akaka
(1924–2018)		 Chinese Democratic Hawaii January 3, 1977 May 16, 1990 13 years, 133 days Resigned after being appointed to the U.S. Senate
Rep. Matsui Bob Matsui
(1941–2005)		 Japanese Democratic California January 3, 1979 January 1, 2005 25 years, 364 days Died in office
Rep. Dymally Mervyn Dymally
(1926–2012)		 Indian[H 4] Democratic California January 3, 1981 January 3, 1993 12 years, 0 days Retired
Rep. Saiki Pat Saiki
(born 1930)		 Japanese Republican Hawaii January 3, 1987 January 3, 1991 4 years, 0 days Retired to run unsuccessfully for U.S. Senate
Rep. Kim Jay Kim
(born 1939)		 Korean[H 5] Republican California January 3, 1993 January 3, 1999 6 years, 0 days Lost renomination
Rep. Scott Bobby Scott
(born 1947)		 Filipino[H 6] Democratic Virginia January 3, 1993 Incumbent 31 years, 10 days
Rep. Ensign John Ensign
(born 1958)		 Filipino Republican Nevada January 3, 1995 January 3, 1999 4 years, 0 days Retired to run unsuccessfully for U.S. Senate
Later elected to the U.S. Senate from Nevada
Rep. Wu David Wu
(born 1955)		 Taiwanese[H 7] Democratic Oregon January 3, 1999 August 3, 2011 12 years, 212 days Resigned
Rep. Honda Mike Honda
(born 1941)		 Japanese Democratic California January 3, 2001 January 3, 2017 16 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Rep. Jindal Bobby Jindal
(born 1971)		 Indian Republican Louisiana January 3, 2005 January 14, 2008 3 years, 11 days Resigned to run successfully for Governor
Rep. Matsui Doris Matsui
(born 1944)		 Japanese Democratic California March 8, 2005 Incumbent 18 years, 311 days Elected to succeed late husband
Rep. Hirono Mazie Hirono
(born 1947)		 Japanese Democratic Hawaii January 3, 2007 January 3, 2013 6 years, 0 days Retired to run successfully for U.S. Senate
Rep. Austria Steve Austria
(born 1958)		 Filipino Republican Ohio January 3, 2009 January 3, 2013 4 years, 0 days Retired following decennial redistricting
Rep. Cao Joseph Cao
(born 1967)		 Vietnamese[H 8] Republican Louisiana January 3, 2009 January 3, 2011 2 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Rep. Chu Judy Chu
(born 1953)		 Chinese[H 9] Democratic California July 14, 2009 Incumbent 14 years, 183 days
Rep. Djou Charles Djou
(born 1970)		 Thai,
Chinese[H 10]		 Republican Hawaii May 22, 2010 January 3, 2011 226 days Lost reelection
Rep. Clarke Hansen Clarke
(born 1957)		 Bangladeshi[H 11] Democratic Michigan January 3, 2011 January 3, 2013 2 years, 0 days Lost renomination following decennial redistricting
Rep. Hanabusa Colleen Hanabusa
(born 1951)		 Japanese Democratic Hawaii January 3, 2011 January 3, 2015 4 years, 0 days Retired to run unsuccessfully for U.S. Senate
November 14, 2016 January 3, 2019 2 years, 50 days Retired to run unsuccessfully for Governor
Rep. Bera Ami Bera
(born 1965)		 Indian Democratic California January 3, 2013 Incumbent 11 years, 10 days
Rep. Duckworth Tammy Duckworth
(born 1968)		 Thai,
Chinese[H 12]		 Democratic Illinois January 3, 2013 January 3, 2017 4 years, 0 days Retired to run successfully for U.S. Senate
Rep. Gabbard Tulsi Gabbard
(born 1981)		 Samoan[H 13] Democratic Hawaii January 3, 2013 January 3, 2021 8 years, 0 days Retired after having run unsuccessfully for President, became an independent in 2022
Rep. Meng Grace Meng
(born 1975)		 Taiwanese[H 14] Democratic New York January 3, 2013 Incumbent 11 years, 10 days
Rep. Takano Mark Takano
(born 1960)		 Japanese[H 15] Democratic California January 3, 2013 Incumbent 11 years, 10 days
Rep. Lieu Ted Lieu
(born 1969)		 Taiwanese Democratic California January 3, 2015 Incumbent 9 years, 10 days
Rep. Takai Mark Takai
(1967–2016)		 Japanese Democratic Hawaii January 3, 2015 July 20, 2016 1 year, 199 days Died in office
Rep. Jayapal Pramila Jayapal
(born 1965)		 Indian[H 16] Democratic Washington January 3, 2017 Incumbent 7 years, 10 days
Rep. Khanna Ro Khanna
(born 1976)		 Indian Democratic California January 3, 2017 Incumbent 7 years, 10 days
Rep. Krishnamoorthi Raja Krishnamoorthi
(born 1973)		 Indian Democratic Illinois January 3, 2017 Incumbent 7 years, 10 days
Rep. Murphy Stephanie Murphy
(born 1978)		 Vietnamese[H 17] Democratic Florida January 3, 2017 January 3, 2023 6 years, 0 days Retired
TJ Cox
(born 1963)		 Filipino,
Chinese		 Democratic California January 3, 2019 January 3, 2021 2 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Andy Kim
(born 1982)		 Korean Democratic New Jersey January 3, 2019 Incumbent 5 years, 10 days
Young Kim
(born 1962)		 Korean[H 18] Republican California January 3, 2021 Incumbent 3 years, 10 days
Michelle Steel
(born 1955)		 Korean[H 18] Republican California January 3, 2021 Incumbent 3 years, 10 days
Marilyn Strickland
(born 1962)		 Korean[H 18] Democratic Washington January 3, 2021 Incumbent 3 years, 10 days
Shri Thanedar
(born 1955)		 Indian Democratic Michigan January 3, 2023 Incumbent 1 year, 10 days
Jill Tokuda
(born 1976)		 Japanese Democratic Hawaii January 3, 2023 Incumbent 1 year, 10 days
  1. ↑ First AAPI person elected to Congress as a non-delegate, and also first Indian American elected to Congress
  2. ↑ First Japanese American elected to Congress
  3. ↑ First Asian-American woman elected to Congress
  4. ↑ First (and so far only) Dougla elected to Congress
  5. ↑ First Korean American elected to Congress
  6. ↑ First American-born Filipino elected to Congress
  7. ↑ First Taiwanese American elected to Congress
  8. ↑ First Vietnamese American elected to Congress
  9. ↑ First Chinese-American woman elected to Congress
  10. ↑ First Thai American elected to Congress
  11. ↑ First person of Bangladeshi ancestry elected to Congress
  12. ↑ First Thai-American woman elected to Congress
  13. ↑ First woman of Pacific Islander ancestry elected to Congress
  14. ↑ First Taiwanese-American woman elected to Congress
  15. ↑ First openly gay person of AAPI ancestry elected to Congress
  16. ↑ Together with Kamala Harris, first Indian-American woman elected to Congress
  17. ↑ First Vietnamese-American woman elected to Congress
  18. 1 2 3 Reps. Kim, Steel and Strickland are collectively the first Korean-American women elected to Congress

State and local government

Governors

NameImageTermEthnicityStatePartyOffices held
George Ariyoshi
(1926–)		1974–1986Japanese AmericanHawaiiDemocraticFirst American of Asian descent to be elected governor of a state of the United States.[9] He continues to hold the record as the longest-serving state governor in Hawaii.
Ben Cayetano
(1939–)		1994–2002Filipino AmericanHawaiiDemocraticFirst Filipino American to serve as a state governor in the United States.[10]
Gary Locke
(1950–)		1997–2005Chinese AmericanWashingtonDemocraticFirst Chinese American to be elected governor in United States history and the first Asian American governor in the continental United States.[11]
Bobby Jindal
(1971–)		2008–2016Indian AmericanLouisianaRepublicanServed in various executive positions in Louisiana and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services before being elected to Congress in 2004, and finally winning the Louisiana gubernatorial elections in 2007 (thereby becoming the first non-white governor of Louisiana since Reconstruction), the first elected Indian American governor in U.S. history,[12] as well as the second Asian American governor to serve in the continental United States.
Nikki Haley
(1972–)		2011–2017Indian AmericanSouth CarolinaRepublicanServed as the 116th Governor of South Carolina from 2011 to 2017. Haley previously represented Lexington County in the South Carolina House of Representatives from 2005 to 2010.[13] She is the first Sikh American governor in the United States,[14] first female governor of South Carolina,[14] second elected Indian American governor in U.S. history,[15] as well as the third Asian American governor to serve in the continental United States. Nikki Haley's election was not the only first for Asian Americans to occur during the 2010 election cycle.
David Ige
(1957–)		2014–2022Japanese AmericanHawaiiDemocraticServed as the 8th governor of Hawaii from 2014 to 2022. First person of Okinawan descent to hold office in the U.S.[16]

Statewide offices

NameImageTermEthnicityStatePartyOffices held
James Kealoha
(1908–1983)		1959–1962Chinese-AmericanHawaiiRepublicanLieutenant Governor of Hawaii
Andrew T. F. Ing
(1919–1999)		1966Chinese-AmericanHawaiiDemocratic

Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii

March Fong Eu
(1922–2017)		1975–1994Chinese-AmericanCaliforniaDemocraticSecretary of State of California
Nelson Doi
(1922–2015)		1974–1978Japanese-AmericanHawaiiDemocratic

Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii

Jean Sadako King
(1925–2013)		1978–1982Japanese-AmericanHawaiiDemocratic

Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii

S. B. Woo
(1937–)		1985–1989Chinese-AmericanDelawareDemocraticLieutenant Governor of Delaware 1985 – 1989.
Cheryl Lau
(1944–)		1995–1999Chinese-AmericanNevadaRepublicanNevada Secretary of State
Mazie Hirono
(1947–)		1994–2002Japanese AmericanHawaiiDemocraticLieutenant Governor of Hawaii
Matt Fong
(1953–2011)		1995–1999Chinese-AmericanCaliforniaRepublicanCalifornia State Treasurer
Duke Aiona
(1955–)		2002–2010Chinese AmericanHawaiiRepublicanServed as Lieutenant Governor from 2002 to 2010.
Alex Sink
(1948–)		2007–2011Thai-AmericanFloridaDemocraticServed as Chief Financial Officer of Florida from 2007 to 2011.
Kamala Harris
(1964–)		2011–2017Indian-AmericanCaliforniaDemocraticHarris, who is half Indian-American,[6] became the first female, first Jamaican American, and first Asian-American state attorney general in the United States.[17]
Shan Tsutsui
(1971–)		2012–2018Japanese-AmericanHawaiiDemocraticLieutenant Governor of Hawaii
Sean Reyes
(1971–)		2013–presentFilipino-American
Japanese American		UtahRepublicanAttorney General of Utah
Doug Chin
(1966–)		2015–2018Chinese-AmericanHawaiiDemocraticServed as Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii in 2018 and as Hawaii Attorney General from 2015 – 2018.
John Chiang
(1962–)		2015–2019Taiwanese-AmericanCaliforniaDemocraticServed as California State Treasurer from 2015 to 2019.
Fiona Ma
(1966–)		2019–presentChinese-AmericanCaliforniaDemocraticCalifornia State Treasurer from 2019–present.
Betty Yee
(1957–)		2015–presentChinese-AmericanCaliforniaDemocraticServing as California State Controller since 2015.
William Tong
(1973–)		2019–presentChinese-AmericanConnecticutDemocraticServing as Connecticut Attorney General since 2019.
Kimberly Yee
(1974–)		2019–presentChinese-AmericanArizonaRepublicanServing as Arizona State Treasurer since 2019.
Rob Bonta
(1972–)		2021–presentFilipino-AmericanCaliforniaDemocraticAttorney General of California since 2021.
Steve Hobbs
(1970–)		2021–presentJapanese-AmericanWashingtonDemocraticSecretary of State of Washington since 2021.
Sylvia Luke
(1967–)		2022–presentKorean-AmericanHawaiiDemocraticLieutenant Governor of Hawaii since 2022. First Korean-American politician elected to a statewide office.[18]
Aruna Miller
(1964–)		2023–presentIndian AmericanMarylandDemocraticLieutenant Governor of Maryland since 2023. First South Asian lieutenant governor in the United States.
Susan C. Lee
(1954–)		2023–presentChinese AmericanMarylandDemocraticSecretary of State of Maryland

State Legislative offices

NameImageTermEthnicityStatePartyOffices held
Kazuhisa Abe
(1914–1996)		1959–1966Japanese-AmericanHawaiiDemocraticServed in the Hawaii State Senate, including as Senate President in 1965–1966 (after Nelson Doi).
Noboru Miyake
(1896–1988)		1959–1966Japanese-AmericanHawaiiRepublicanServed in the Hawaii State Senate.
Steere Noda
(1892–1986)		1959–1962Japanese-AmericanHawaiiDemocraticServed in the Hawaii State Senate.
Sakae Takahashi
(1919–2001)		1959–1974Japanese-AmericanHawaiiDemocraticServed in the Hawaii State Senate.
John T. Ushijima
(1924–2006)		1959–1982Japanese-AmericanHawaiiDemocraticServed in the Hawaii State Senate.
Nadao Yoshinaga
(1919–2009)		1959–1974Japanese-AmericanHawaiiDemocraticServed in the Hawaii State Senate.
Tadao Beppu
(1919–1993)		1959–1976Japanese-AmericanHawaiiDemocraticServed in the Hawaii House of Representatives, including as Speaker of the House from 1968 to 1974. Also served as secretary of the Hawaii Constitutional Convention of 1968.
James H. Wakatsuki
(1929–1992)		1959–1980Japanese-AmericanHawaiiDemocraticServed in the Hawaii House of Representatives, including as Speaker of the House from 1975 to 1980. Later served as a Hawaii Supreme Court justice.
Yoshito Takamine
(1924–2015)		1959–1984Japanese-AmericanHawaiiDemocraticServed in the Hawaii House of Representatives.
Robert Fukuda
(1922–2013)		1959–1962Japanese-AmericanHawaiiRepublicanServed in the Hawaii House of Representatives. Later served as U.S. Attorney in Hawaii from 1969 to 1973.
Edmond Gong
(1930–2015)		1966–1972Chinese-AmericanFloridaDemocraticServed in the Florida House of Representatives. First Asian American legislator in Florida.
Thelma Buchholdt
(1934–2007)		1975–1983Filipino-AmericanAlaskaDemocraticServed in the Alaska House of Representatives. First Filipino American woman legislator in the United States.
John Lim
(1935–)		1993–2001, 2005-2009Korean AmericanOregonRepublicanServed in the Oregon State Senate from 1993 to 2001. Served in the Oregon House of Representatives from 2005 to 2009. While in the Oregon State Senate, he served as Majority Leader.
David Valderrama
(1933–)		1991–2003Filipino-AmericanMarylandDemocraticServed in the Maryland House of Delegates from 1991 to 2003. First Filipino-American elected to a state legislature in the contiguous United States.
Nimi McConigley1994–1996Indian-AmericanWyomingRepublicanServed in the Wyoming House of Representatives from 1994 to 1996. First Indian born person to be elected to any state legislature.
John Pippy
(1970–)		1997–2003, 2003-2012Thai-AmericanPennsylvaniaRepublicanServed in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1997 to 2003 before being elected to the Pennsylvania State Senate.
Blake Oshiro
(1970–)		2001–2011Okinawan AmericanHawaiiDemocraticServed in the Hawaii House of Representatives from 2001 to 2011. Oshiro was majority leader during his tenure.
Saghir Tahir
(1945–2013)		2001–2011Pakistani AmericanNew HampshireRepublicanServed in the New Hampshire House of Representatives from 2001 to 2011. First Pakastan native to be elected to any state legislature, and first Muslim American elected to any political office in the United States.
Shirley Horton
(1952–)		2002–2008Japanese AmericanCaliforniaRepublicanServed in the California State Assembly.
Nikki Haley
(1972–)		2005–2011Indian AmericanSouth CarolinaRepublicanServing in the South Carolina House of Representatives from 2005 to 2011. First Indian American to be elected to the South Carolina legislature. She would later be elected governor.
Hubert Vo
(1956–)		2005–presentVietnamese-AmericanTexasDemocraticServing in the Texas House of Representatives since 2005. First Vietnamese American to be elected to the Texas Legislature.
Kris Valderrama
(1970–)		2007–presentFilipino AmericanMarylandDemocraticServed in the Maryland House of Delegates
Saqib Ali
(1971–)		2007–2011Pakastani American
Indian American		MarylandDemocraticServed in the Maryland House of Delegates
Tony Fulton
(1972–)		2007–2013Filipino AmericanNebraskaRepublicanServed in the Nebraska Legislature from 2007 to 2013. Currently the tax commissioner of Nebraska.
Sharon Har2007–2022Korean AmericanHawaiiDemocraticServed in the Hawaii House of Representatives.
Scott Kawasaki
(1975–)		2007–2019, 2019–presentJapanese AmericanAlaskaDemocraticServed in the Alaska House of Representatives from 2007 to 2019 before being elected to the Alaska State Senate in 2019.
Angie Chen Button
(1954–)		2009–presentChinese-AmericanTexasRepublicanServing in the Texas House of Representatives since 2009.
Tony Hwang
(1964–)		2009–2015, 2015–presentTaiwanese AmericanConnecticutRepublicanServed in the Connecticut House of Representatives from 2009 to 2015 before being elected to the Connecticut State Senate where he currently serves.
Mark Keam
(1966–)		2010–2022Korean AmericanVirginiaDemocraticServed in the Virginia House of Delegates
Aruna Miller
(1964–)		2010–2019Indian AmericanMarylandDemocraticServed in the Maryland House of Delegates. First Indian American to be elected to the Maryland General Assembly. She would later be elected lieutenant governor.
B. J. Pak
(1980–)		2011–2017Korean AmericanGeorgiaRepublicanServed in the Georgia House of Representatives from 2011 to 2017. In 2017 he was nominated and confirmed as United States Attorney for the Northern District of Georgia
Phil Ting
(1969–)		2012-presentChinese-AmericanCaliforniaDemocraticServing in the California State Assembly since 2012.
Ron Kim
(1979–)		2013–presentKorean AmericanNew YorkDemocraticServing in the New York State Assembly
Brian Shiozawa2013–2017Japanese AmericanUtahRepublicanServed in the Utah State Senate
Gene Wu
(1978–)		2013–presentChinese-AmericanTexasDemocraticServing in the Texas House of Representatives since 2013.
Ling Ling Chang
(1976–)		2014–2016, 2018-2020Taiwanese-AmericanCaliforniaRepublicanFrom 2014 to 2016 Chang served in the California State Assembly. In 2016 she ran for a seat in the California State Senate and lost, but the incumbent was recalled, and she won the special election for the remainder of his term.
Janet Nguyen
(1976–)		2014–2018, 2020–2022, 2022–presentVietnamese-AmericanCaliforniaRepublicanFrom 2014 to 2018 Nguyen served in the California State Senate making her the first Vietnamese American to serve in any state senate. After narrowly losing reelection, she ran for and won a seat in the California State Assembly in 2020. In 2022 Nguyen ran again for the California State Senate and won.
Andria Tupola
(1980–)		2014–2018Samoan AmericanHawaiiRepublicanServed in the Hawaii House of Representatives from 2014 to 2018. In 2015 for one year, she served as minority floor leader.
Ervin Yen2014–2018Taiwanese-AmericanOklahomaRepublicanServed in the Oklahoma Senate from 2014 to 2018.
Roxanne Persaud2015-2015, 2015–presentIndian AmericanNew YorkDemocraticServed in the New York State Assembly from January 2015-November 2015. Serving in the New York Senate since 2015.
Mark S. Chang
(1978–)		2015–presentKorean-AmericanMarylandDemocraticServing in the Maryland House of Delegates since 2015.
Jay Jalisi
(1965–)		2015–2023Pakistani AmericanMarylandDemocraticServed in the Maryland House of Delegates from 2015 to 2023.
Clarence K. Lam
(1980–)		2015–2019, 2019–presentChinese-AmericanMarylandDemocraticServed in the Maryland House of Delegates from 2015 to 2019 before being elected to the Maryland Senate in 2019, where he is currently.
David Moon
(1979–)		2015–presentKorean-AmericanMarylandDemocraticServing in the Maryland House of Delegates since 2015, and as Majority Leader since 2023.
Phillip Chen
(1978–)		2016–presentChinese-AmericanCaliforniaRepublicanServing in the California State Assembly since 2016.
Steven Choi
(1944–)		2016–2022Korean AmericanCaliforniaRepublicanMember of the California State Assembly
Vince Fong
(1979–)		2016–presentChinese-AmericanCaliforniaRepublicanServing in the California State Assembly since 2016.
Todd Gloria
(1978–)		2016–2020Filipino AmericanCaliforniaDemocraticHouse Majority Whip and member of the California State Assembly
Manka Dhingra
(1973 or 1974–)		2017–presentIndian-AmericanWashingtonDemocraticServing in the Washington State Senate since 2017.
Bee Nguyen
(1978–)		2017–presentVietnamese-AmericanGeorgiaDemocraticServing in the Georgia House of Representatives since 2017. First Vietnamese American in the Georgia House of Representatives.
Vandana Slatter
(1981–)		2017–presentIndian-AmericanWashingtonDemocraticServing in the Washington State House since 2017.
Dean Tran
(1978–)		2017–2021Vietnamese-AmericanMassachusettsRepublicanServed in the Massachusetts Senate, first Vietnamese American to hold elected office in Massachusetts.
Tyler Diep2018–2020Vietnamese-AmericanCaliforniaRepublicanServed in the California State Assembly.
Val Okimoto2018–2022Japanese-American Filipino AmericanHawaiiRepublicanServed in the Hawaii House of Representatives. Minority leader from 2021-2022.
Daniel Pae
(1995–)		2018–presentKorean-AmericanOklahomaRepublicanServing in the Oklahoma House of Representatives.
Saud Anwar
(1962–)		2019–presentPakistani AmericanConnecticutDemocraticServing in the Connecticut State Senate.
Harry Bhandari
(1977–)		2019–presentNepalese-AmericanMarylandDemocraticServing in the Maryland House of Delegates.
Lily Qi
(1963–)		2019–presentChinese-AmericanMarylandDemocraticServing in the Maryland House of Delegates
Kaohly Her
(1978–)		2019–presentHmong-AmericanMinnesotaDemocraticServing in the Minnesota House of Representatives.
Tina Maharath
(1978–)		2019–presentLaotian-AmericanOhioDemocraticServing in the Ohio State Senate. First Laotian American elected to public office.
Mike Giallombardo
(1982-)		2020-presentKorean-AmericanFloridaRepublicanServing in the Florida House of Representatives since 2020.
Charlice Byrd
(1951-)		2021-presentChinese-AmericanGeorgiaRepublicanServing in the Georgia house of representatives
Kimberly Fiorello
(1975-)		2021-2023Korean-AmericanConnecticutRepublicanServing in the Connecticut house of representatives
Quang Nguyen
(1962-)		2021-presentVietnamese-AmericanArizonaRepublicanServing in the Arizona House of Representatives since 2021.
Shri Thanedar
(1955-)		2021-2023Indian AmericanMichiganDemocraticServing in the Michigan House of Representatives since 2021.
Lester Chang
(1973–)		2023–presentChinese-AmericanNew YorkRepublicanServing in the New York State Assembly since 2023.
Justin Jones
(1995–)		2023–Filipino AmericanTennesseeDemocraticServed in the Tennessee House of Representatives from January 10, 2023 to April 6, 2023.
Nabilah Islam
(1989–)		2023-presentBangladeshi-AmericanGeorgiaDemocraticServing in the Georgia House of Representatives since 2023.
Tri Ta
(1973–)		2023–presentVietnamese-AmericanCaliforniaRepublicanServing in the California State Assembly since 2023.
Chao Wu
(1976 or 1977–)		2023–presentChinese-AmericanMarylandDemocraticServing in the Maryland House of Delegates since 2023.

Mayors

NameImageTermEthnicityStatePartyOffices held
Kinjiro Matsudaira
(1885–1963)		1927, 1943Japanese AmericanMarylandMayor of Edmonston, Maryland, elected in 1927 and 1943[19]
James Kanno
(1925–2017)		1957–1962Japanese AmericanCaliforniaFirst mayor of Fountain Valley, California[20]
Norman Mineta
(1931–2022)		1971–1975Japanese AmericanCaliforniaDemocraticServed as mayor of San Jose, California.[21]
Sak Yamamoto
(1914–1997)		1973–1974, 1977–1979Japanese AmericanCaliforniaMayor of Carson, California[22]
Eduardo Malapit
(1933–2007)		1974–1982Filipino AmericanHawaiiIndependentMayor of Kauai County, Hawaii
S. Floyd Mori
(1939–)		1974–1975Japanese AmericanCaliforniaDemocraticMayor of Pleasanton, California[23]
Eunice Sato
(1921–2021)		1980–1982Japanese AmericanCaliforniaRepublicanMayor of Long Beach, California
Nao Takasugi
(1922–2009)		1982–1992Japanese AmericanCaliforniaRepublicanMayor of Oxnard, California elected in 1982 and re-elected four times[24]
Judy Chu
(1953–)		1989–1994Chinese AmericanCaliforniaDemocraticThree term mayor of Monterey Park, California starting in 1989
Lorraine Inouye
(1940–)		1990–1992Filipino AmericanHawaiiIndependentMayor of Hawaii County, Hawaii
Carol Liu1992– 2000Chinese AmericanCaliforniaDemocraticMayor of La Cañada Flintridge
Stephen K. Yamashiro
(1941–2011)		1992–2000Japanese AmericanHawaiiIndependentMayor of Hawaii County, Hawaii
Jimmie R. Yee
(1934–)		1999–2000Chinese AmericanCaliforniaDemocraticMayor of Sacramento, California[25]
Alan Nakanishi
(1940–)		2000–2001, 2012–2013, 2017–2018, 2020–2021Japanese AmericanCaliforniaRepublicanMayor of Lodi, California for four two-year terms[26]
Harry Kim
(1939–)		2000–2008, 2016–2020Korean AmericanHawaiiIndependentMayor of Hawaii County, Hawaii
Alan Arakawa
(1951–)		2003–2007, 2011–2019Japanese AmericanHawaiiIndependentMayor of Maui County, Hawaii
Otto Lee
2005–2007Chinese AmericanCaliforniaDemocraticMayor of Sunnyvale, California
Ken Miyagishima
(1963–)		2007–presentJapanese AmericanNew MexicoDemocraticFour-term mayor of Las Cruces, New Mexico first elected in 2007[27]
Sukhee Kang
(1952–)		2008–2012Korean AmericanCaliforniaDemocraticMayor of Irvine, California[28]
Evan Low2009–2015Chinese AmericanCaliforniaDemocraticMayor of Campbell, California
Marilyn Strickland2010–2018Korean AmericanWashingtonDemocraticMayor of Tacoma, Washington
Ed Lee
(1952–2017)		2011–2017Chinese AmericanCaliforniaDemocraticServed as first Asian American mayor of San Francisco until his death in 2017.[29]
Jean Quan
(1949–)		2011–2015Chinese AmericanCaliforniaDemocraticMayor of Oakland, California 2011–2015[30]
Steven Choi
(1944–)		2012–2016Korean AmericanCaliforniaRepublicanMayor of Irvine, California
Bao Nguyen
(1980–)		2014–2016Vietnamese AmericanCalifornia DemocraticMayor of Garden Grove, California
Karen Goh
(1955–)		2017–presentChinese AmericanCaliforniaRepublicanMayor of Bakersfield, California[31]
Ron Nirenberg
(1977–)		2017–presentFilipino American, Malaysian American, Indian AmericanCaliforniaIndependentMayor of San Antonio, Texas
Ravinder Bhalla
(1974–)		2018–presentIndian AmericanNew JerseyDemocraticMayor of Hoboken, New Jersey[32]
Derek Kawakami
(1977–)		2018–presentJapanese AmericanHawaiiIndependentMayor of Kauai County, Hawaii
Harry Sidhu
(1957–)		2018–2022Indian AmericanCaliforniaRepublicanMayor of Anaheim, California[33]
Sumbul Siddiqui
(1988–)		2020–Pakistani AmericanMassachusetts DemocraticMayor of Cambridge, Massachusetts
Farrah Khan
(1971–)		2020–Pakistani AmericanCalifornia DemocraticMayor of Irvine, California
Todd Gloria
(1978–)		2020–presentFilipino AmericanCaliforniaDemocraticMayor of San Diego[34]
Michelle Wu
(1985–)		2021–presentTaiwanese AmericanMassachusettsDemocraticMayor of Boston, Massachusetts
Bruce Harrell
(1958–)		2022–presentJapanese AmericanWashingtonDemocraticMayor of Seattle, Washington[35]
Sokhary Chau2022–presentCambodian AmericanMassachusettsMayor of Lowell, Massachusetts
Aftab Pureval
(1982–)		2022–presentIndian American, Tibetan AmericanOhioDemocraticMayor of Cincinnati, Ohio
Helen Tran
(1981/1982–)		2022–presentVietnamese AmericanCaliforniaDemocraticMayor of San Bernardino, California
Sheng Thao
(1985–)		2023–presentHmong AmericanCaliforniaDemocraticMayor of Oakland, California

Historic

Benito Legarda and Pablo Ocampo, joined the House in 1907 as Resident Commissioners,[36] becoming the first Asian Americans to serve in the Congress, albeit as non-voting members.[37]

Senator Daniel Inouye of Hawaii was the President pro tempore of the United States Senate and the highest-ranking Asian American in congressional history.

In 2010, Inouye was sworn in as President Pro Tempore making him the highest-ranking Asian American politician in American history until Kamala Harris was the first Asian American to become Vice President of the United States in November 2020, and assumed the role of President of the U.S. Senate.

Current

There are presently 16 Asian Americans or Pacific Islanders in the House and 2 in the Senate in the 118th United States Congress.[38][39] The following marks the total number of Asian Americans in the U.S. Congress since 1957: 39 representatives and 9 senators. Representatives include those from Japanese, Taiwanese, Filipino, Thai, Indian, and Chinese backgrounds.

Note that Strickland and Scott are all multiracial. Strickland is one-half Korean and one-half African American; Scott is one-fourth Filipino and three-fourths African American.

Cabinet

Norman Mineta, first Asian American cabinet member

Norman Mineta became the first Asian American Cabinet member when he was appointed secretary of commerce by President Bill Clinton in 2000. He then served as secretary of transportation from 2001 to 2006.[41]

In the George W. Bush Administration, Elaine Chao became the first, and thus far only, Asian American woman to serve as a Cabinet secretary when she became the secretary of labor in 2001, serving until 2009.[42] She has also served as secretary of transportation in the administration of Donald Trump in 2017, serving until her resignation in 2021.

In 2009, President Barack Obama appointed Eric Shinseki to the position of secretary of veterans affairs, which he held until 2014. Shinseki was the first Asian American to hold this position. Steven Chu, the first Asian American to hold the position of secretary of energy, served from 2009 to 2013. Additionally under Obama, Gary Locke served as secretary of commerce from 2009 to 2011.

In 2017, President Donald Trump appointed Nikki Haley the first Indian American to serve in a permanent Cabinet-level position when she was confirmed to the position of ambassador to the United Nations in 2017. She held the position until 2018.

In 2021, Kamala Harris became the highest ranking Asian-American to serve in a cabinet as 49th Vice President of the United States. President Joe Biden also appointed Katherine Tai to serve as U.S. Trade Representative, a cabinet-level position.

Presidential and vice-presidential candidates

Official portrait of the 49th Vice President Kamala Harris, 2021

In 1964, Hiram Fong, a Republican, became the first Asian-American candidate for president.[43][44]

In 1972, Patsy Mink became the first Asian-American Democratic candidate for president, and the first Japanese-American candidate for president.[45]

In 2015, Bobby Jindal, a Republican, became the first Indian-American candidate for president.[46][47]

In 2017, Andrew Yang became the first Taiwanese-American and the first Asian-American male Democratic candidate for president.[48][49]

In 2020, Tulsi Gabbard, who is of Samoan descent [50][51] became the second woman of color and the first Asian-American and Pacific-Islander (AAPI) presidential candidate to earn major party primary delegates.[52][53][54]

In 2020, Kamala Harris became the first Asian-American major party candidate for vice president, and later elected the first Asian-American vice president of the United States.[55]

From the 1940s to the 1990s most Asian Americans were anti-communist refugees who had fled mainland China, North Korea or Vietnam, and were strongly anti-Communist. Many had ties to conservative organizations.[56][57] In recent years, more liberal Asian-American groups such as newer Chinese and Indian immigrants have greatly changed the Asian-American political demographics, as well as a larger proportion of younger Asian Americans, many of whom have completed college degrees.[58]

During the 1990s and 2000s, Asian American voting behavior shifted from moderate support for the Republican Party to stronger support for the Democratic Party.[59] In the 1992 presidential election Republican George H. W. Bush received 55% of the Asian-American vote compared to 31% for Democrat Bill Clinton. Asian Americans voted Republican and were the only racial group more conservative than whites in the 1990s, according to surveys.[56] By the 2004 election, Democrat John Kerry won 56% of the Asian American vote, with Chinese and Indian Americans tending to support Kerry, and Vietnamese and Filipino Americans tending to support George Bush.[60] Japanese-Americans leaned toward Kerry, while Korean-Americans leaned toward Bush.[60] Democrat Barack Obama won 62% of the Asian American vote in the 2008 presidential election,[61] with the margin increasing during the 2012 presidential election, where Asian Americans voted to re-elect Obama by 73%.[62] In the 2014 midterm elections, based on exit polls, 50% of Asian Americans voted Republican, while 49% voted Democrat; this swing toward voting for Republicans was a shift from the strong Democratic vote in 2012, and had not reached 50% since 1996.[63] The 2016 National Asian American Survey, conducted before the 2016 presidential election, found that 55% of Asian American registered voters supported Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton and only 14% supported Republican candidate Donald Trump.[64]

Despite their growing trend of voting for Democrats in national elections, Asian Americans have tended to identify as independents and have not developed strong ties to political parties as a group.[65] Due to the smaller size of the groups population, in comparison to the population as a whole, it has been difficult to get an adequate sampling to forecast voter outcomes for Asian Americans.[66] In 2008, polls indicated that 35% considered themselves non-partisan, 32% Democrats, 19% independents, and 14% Republicans.[67] The 2012 National Asian American Survey found that 51% considered themselves non-partisan, 33% Democrats, 14% Republicans, and 2% Other;[68][69] Hmong, Indian, and Korean Americans strongly identified as Democrats, and Filipino and Vietnamese Americans most strongly identified as Republicans.[69] In 2013, according to the Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund, Chinese Americans were the least likely Asian American ethnicity to have a party affiliation, with only one third belonging to a party.[70] The 2016 National Asian American Survey found that 41% of Asian Americans identified as non-partisan, 41% as Democrats (a modest increase from 2008 and 2012), and 16% as Republicans.[64]

Neither the Republican nor Democratic parties have financed significant efforts to the registration of Asian Americans, however much more attention has been focused on contributions from Asian Americans,[71] having once been referred to as potential "Republican Jews".[72] As recently as 2006, the outreach efforts of America's two major political parties have been unbalanced, with the Democratic Party devoting more resources in attracting Asian Americans.[73] In 2016, a majority of Asian-Americans possessed the same political views on racial profiling, education, social security, and immigration reform as the Democratic Party; the efforts to attract Asian-Americans has produced a proportionally significant growth in Democratic affiliation by Asian-Americans from 2012 to 2016 by 12 percent.[74] In 2016, Vietnamese and Filipinos were the least likely Asian Americans to support the presidential campaign of Hillary Clinton, with Vietnamese the most likely to back the presidential campaign of Donald Trump.[75] Political affiliation aside, Asian Americans have trended to become more politically active as a whole, with 2008 seeing an increase of voter participation by 4% to a 49% voting rate.[76] In 2017, it was reported by The Washington Post that Asian Americans born outside of the United States trended to be more conservative, and more likely to identify as Republicans, while those who were born in the United States, who were generally younger, were more likely to identify being a Democrat.[77]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Office, US Census Bureau Public Information. "Facts for Features: Asian/Pacific American Heritage Month: May 2012 – Facts for Features & Special Editions – Newsroom – U.S. Census Bureau". www.census.gov. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  2. ↑ "The Rise of Asian Americans". Pew Research Center’s Social & Demographic Trends Project. 19 June 2012. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  3. ↑ Trounson, Rebecca (18 June 2012). "Fueled by immigration, Asians are fastest-growing U.S. group". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  4. ↑ Ramakrishnan, Karthick (26 July 2016). "How Asian Americans Became Democrats". The American Prospect. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  5. ↑ Zhou, Li (13 May 2019). "Trump could be turning Asian Americans into reliable Democratic voters". Vox. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  6. 1 2 Reshma Dhawan (2009). "The New Face of Politics...An Interview with Kamala Harris". Cultural Features. DesiClub, Inc. Archived from the original on 11 June 2009. Retrieved 22 March 2011.
  7. ↑ Horowitz, Juliana Menasce; Budiman, Abby (18 August 2020). "Key findings about multiracial identity in the U.S. as Harris becomes vice presidential nominee". Pew Research Center. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  8. ↑ McEvoy, Jemima (7 November 2020). "Kamala Harris Makes History As First Female, Black, Asian American Vice President". Forbes. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
  9. ↑ Niiya, Brian; Japanese American National Museum (1993). Japanese American history: an A-to-Z reference from 1868 to the present. VNR AG. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-8160-2680-7.
  10. ↑ CYNTHIA DE CASTR (18 November 2008). "Benjamin Jerome 'Ben' Cayetano: 1st US FilAm State Governor". Asian Journal. Archived from the original on 24 March 2011. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
  11. ↑ "Governor Locke". Washington State Office of the Governor. 2004. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
  12. ↑ Jan Moller (21 October 2007). "1st Indian-American governor in U.S. vows 'fresh start' for La". The Times-Picayune. Retrieved 23 February 2011.
  13. ↑ Belles of the South Audrey/Asian Women's Magazine – April/May '06 Archived 12 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  14. 1 2 "Haley Becomes South Carolina's 1st Woman Governor". Associated Press. 2 November 2010. Archived from the original on 25 January 2011. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
  15. ↑ Raju Chebium (14 February 2011). "Second generation Indian-Americans shed apathy, vie for public service". International Business Times. Archived from the original on 18 February 2011. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
  16. ↑ "David Y. Ige | David Ige, Governor, State of Hawaii". governor.hawaii.gov. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  17. ↑ Nina Huang (22 December 2010). "The top 10 amazing Asian American achievers of 2010". North Asian Weekly. Retrieved 22 March 2011.
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  19. ↑ "History". Town of Edmonston. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
  20. ↑ "James Kanno, First Mayor of Fountain Valley, Passes Away at 91", Rafu Shimpo, 21 July 2017
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  22. ↑ Gougis, Michael (2 July 1997). "Former Carson Mayor Yamamoto Dies At 83". San Pedro News-Pilot – via Newspapers.com .
  23. ↑ Bing, Jeb (30 April 2004), "30 years of mayors", Pleasanton Weekly
  24. ↑ "PASSINGS: Nao Takasugi". Obituary. Los Angeles Times. 22 November 2009.
  25. ↑ Full Biography for Jimmie R. Yee
  26. ↑ "History of Lodi's Mayors". Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  27. ↑ D'Ammassa, Algernon (6 November 2019). "Mayor Ken Miyagishima wins reelection". Las Cruces Sun-News.
  28. ↑ Burns, David W. (8 November 2010). "Mayoral Elections Bring Mix of New Faces, Incumbents". United States Conference of Mayors. Archived from the original on 4 December 2010. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
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  33. ↑ "Sikh businessman Harry Singh Sidhu elected mayor of Anaheim city in California".
  34. ↑ "Todd Gloria Sworn In As San Diego's 37th Mayor". KPBS. 10 December 2020. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
  35. ↑ Harrell sworn in as 54th mayor of Seattle
  36. ↑ Dodge, Andrew R (2005). Biographical directory of the United States Congress, 1774 – 2005. Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office. p. 273. ISBN 978-0-16-073176-1.
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  38. ↑ "Asian Americans | House Press Gallery". United States House of Representatives Press Gallery. 18 November 2020. Archived from the original on 7 January 2022. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
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  40. ↑ Wang, Frances Kai-Hwa (12 November 2014). "Midterm Elections: How Did Asian-American Candidates Fare". NBC News. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
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  42. ↑ "U.S. Secretary of Labor Elaine Chao Visits Houston Chinese Community Center". ChinatownConnection.com. 28 April 2006. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
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  44. ↑ "Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress – Retro Member details". Bioguideretro.congress.gov. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
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  46. ↑ Fahrenthold, David A.; Hohmann, James (24 June 2015). "Bobby Jindal announces entry into 2016 presidential race". The Washington Post. Retrieved 24 June 2015.
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  52. ↑ Peterson, Beatrice-Elizabeth (18 August 2020). "Earlier this year, @TulsiGabbard made history as the first Pacific Islander American woman to win a delegate to the DNC. The last woman of color to win a delegate as a presidential candidate was New York Rep. Shirley Chisholm in 1972. #DNC2020 #Dem Convention". Twitter.
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  60. 1 2 Jim Lobe, Asian-Americans lean toward Kerry Archived 19 September 2008 at the Library of Congress Web Archives, Asia Times. 16 September 2004.
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  66. ↑ Lee, Taeku. "Asian Americans and the Electorate". American Political Science Association. Retrieved 23 August 2009.
  67. ↑ Feng, Rex (24 October 2008). "Who Is The Asian American Voter?". AsianWeek. Archived from the original on 9 February 2009. Retrieved 23 August 2009.
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  69. 1 2 Karthick Ramakrishnan; Taeku Lee (8 October 2012). "Public Opinion Of a Growing Electorate: Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in 2012" (PDF). The National Asian American Survey. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
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  74. ↑ "Inclusion, Not Exclusion" (PDF). apiavote.org. Asian-American Voter Survey(AAVS). 22 May 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  75. ↑ Guillermo, Emil (20 April 2017). "Asian American study of '16 polls shows Fil-Ams' conservative streak". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
  76. ↑ Edwards, Tom (20 July 2009). "Voter Turnout Increases by 5 Million in 2008 Presidential Election". U.S. Census Bureau News. U.S. Department of Commerce. Archived from the original on 20 October 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  77. ↑ Wong, Janelle (23 May 2017). "This is what Asian Americans really think about undocumented immigration". The Washington Post. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
    Wang, Esther (11 October 2017). "Conservative Chinese Americans are Mobilizing, Politically and Digitally". Pacific Standard. Santa Barbara, California: The Social Justice Foundation. Retrieved 12 April 2018.

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