Artedidraco
Artedidraco mirus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Artedidraconidae
Genus: Artedidraco
Lönnberg, 1905
Type species
Artedidraco mirus
Lönnberg, 1905[1]

Artedidraco is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Artedidraconidae, the barbeled plunderfishes. They are native to the Southern Ocean.

Taxonomy

Artedidraco was first described as a genus in 1905 by the Swedish zoologist Einar Lönnberg when he created the genus for Artedidraco mirus, a new species of fish from South Georgia he was describing following the collection of its types by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition. As it was the only species in the enw genus it was the type species by monotypy.[2][1] The generic name is a compound of Artedi, honouring the Swedish naturalist Peter Artedi who was known as the “father of ichthyology,” and who was born 200 years before Lönnberg described A. mirus with draco, from dracœna meaning “dragon” an ancient Greek name for the weeverfish genus Trachinus , although this may be a reference to the relationship Lönnberg mentioned to Draconetta which was thought to be a member of the Nototheniidae at that time.[3]

Species

There are currently 7 recognized species in this genus:[4]

  • Artedidraco glareobarbatus Eastman & Eakin, 1999
  • Artedidraco longibarbatus Eakin, Riginella & La Mesa, 2015 (Long-beard plunderfish) [5]
  • Artedidraco lonnbergi Roule, 1913
  • Artedidraco mirus Lönnberg, 1905
  • Artedidraco orianae Regan, 1914
  • Artedidraco shackletoni Waite, 1911
  • Artedidraco skottsbergi Lönnberg, 1905

Characteristics

Artedidraco is the type genus of the family Artedidraconidae and so has many of the features characteristic of that family. Within the Atredidraconidae this genus is separated from the others by the first dorsal fin being located above the pectoral fin base. Their heads have a width which is roughly the same as their depth and the post temporal ridges are weakly developed. The snout is shorter than the diameter of the eye and the space between the eyes is narrow. The mental barbel, the barbel on the chin which characterises the barbeled plunderfishes, is tapered or expanded towards its tip. They have small jaws which are equipped with small conical teeth arranged in a band of many series of teeth. The upper lateral line has tubed scales at the head end and towards the caudal fin it normally has disc shaped scales, the middle lateral line consist of disc-shaped scales..[6] The maximum total length of these fishes varies from 11 cm (4.3 in) in A. lonnbergi to 15.1 cm (5.9 in) in A. orianae.[4]

Distribution, habitat and biology

Artedidraco is found in the coastal waters of the Antarctic continent with one species, A. mirus occurring as far north as South Georgia. They are found in the nearshore sublittoral zone and on the continental shelf and have been recorded as deep as 800 m (2,600 ft). Their biology is little known but the species in this genus feed largely on polychaetes and small crustaceans.[6]

References

  1. 1 2 Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Artedidraconidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  2. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Artedidraco". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  3. ↑ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (12 April 2021). "Order Perciformes: Suborder Notothenoididei: Families Bovichtidae, Pseaudaphritidae, Elegopinidae, Nototheniidae, Harpagiferidae, Artedidraconidae, Bathydraconidae, Channichthyidae and Percophidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  4. 1 2 Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2021). Species of Artedidraco in FishBase. June 2021 version.
  5. ↑ Eakin, R.R., Riginella, E. & La Mesa, M. (2015): A new species of Artedidraco (Pisces: Artedidraconidae) from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Polar Biology, 38 (10): 1597-1603.
  6. 1 2 R. Eakin (1990). "Artedidraconidae Barbeled plunderfishes". In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.). Fishes of the Southern Ocean. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. ISBN 9780868102115.
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