Alan Weyl Bernheimer Sr. (December 9, 1913, Philadelphia – January 3, 2006, New York City) was an American microbiologist, known as a pioneer of modern bacterial toxinology.[1]

Biography

Bernheimer graduated with a B.S. in 1935 and an A.M. in 1937 from Temple University, where he worked as an assistant in biology from 1935 to 1937. In 1942, he received his Ph.D. in medical sciences from the University of Pennsylvania.[2] His Ph.D. thesis is entitled Studies on the antigenic specificity of Paramecium and studies on the massive cultivation of Streptococcus pyogenes.[3] From 1937 to 1938 he was an instructor in bacteriology at Pennsylvania State College of Optometry (now called Salus University). In the department of microbiology of (what is now called) the New York University Grossman School of Medicine, he was an instructor from 1941 to 1945,[2] an assistant professor from 1945 to 1952, an associate professor from 1952 to 1958, and a full professor from 1958 to 1984, when he retired as professor emeritus. At the NYU medical school, he was the chair of Basic Medical Sciences from 1969 to 1974. From 1957 to 1960, Bernheimer served as a consultant to the Office of the Surgeon General of the United States. From 1963 to 1968, he was a trustee of the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. He was often a summer investigator at Cold Spring Harbor as well as at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts.[4]

During WW II, Bernheimer contributed to the development of a vaccine against gas gangrene. Throughout his career, he was dedicated to laboratory work. He and his co-workers compared toxins produced by a wide variety of organisms. He did research on venoms from insects, spiders, snakes, sea jellies, and sea anemones, and demonstrated how such venoms sometimes share biochemical and serological properties with bacterial toxins.[4] In 1985 Bernheimer and two colleagues published their discovery that cytotoxic phospholipases D are present in the venom of the brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa) and in cultures of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. The two enzymatic toxins have different evolutionary origins but are similar in molecular weight, charge, substrate specificity, and in several biological activities.[5] In studies of cholesterol oxidase, a bacterial cytotoxin derived from Rhodococcus equi, Bernheimer and his colleagues showed that a cytotoxin was rendered lethal to rabbits made hypercholesterolemic by diet.[6] Bernheimer was the author or co-author of more than 150 scientific papers and the editor of several books.[4]

Bernheimer received in 1948 the Eli Lilly and Company-Elanco Research Award.[2] He was elected in 1951 a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.[7] In April 1976 he gave the inaugural Stuart Mudd Lecture of the Eastern Pennsylvania Branch of the American Society for Microbiology.[8][9]

Bernheimer developed a form of camera-less photography that he called Reflectographs.[10] [11]

In March 1942 he married Harriet Poller (1919–2009), who became a professor of medicine at SUNY Downstate Medical Center.[12][13] They had a son, Alan Weyl Bernheimer Jr.,[12] known as the poet Alan Bernheimer.[14]

Selected publications

Articles

Books

  • Bernheimer, Alan W., ed. (1976). Mechanisms in bacterial toxinology. Developments in medical microbiology and infectious diseases. New York: Wiley. ISBN 0471071056. LCCN 76008274.[15]
  • Bernheimer, Alan W., ed. (1977). Perspectives in toxinology. Developments in medical microbiology and infectious diseases. New York: Wiley. ISBN 0471018554. LCCN 77008849.

References

  1. ↑ Weinstein, Scott A.; Warrell, David A.; White, Julian; Keyler, Daniel E. (20 June 2011). "Venomous Bites from Non-Venomous Snakes: A Critical Analysis of Risk and Management of "Colubrid Snake Bites. Elsevier. p. xi. ISBN 9780123877550.
  2. 1 2 3 Cattell, Jaques, ed. (1949). American Men of Science: A Biographical Dictionary. Lancaster, Pennsylvania: The Science Press. p. 192.
  3. ↑ Gilchrist, Donald Bean; Henry, Edward Atwood (1941). Doctoral Dissertations Accepted by American Universities 1941–1942. p. 44.
  4. 1 2 3 "Dr. Alan W. Bernheimer Sr. Collection". CSHL Archives, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
  5. ↑ Bernheimer, Alan W.; Campbell, Benedict J.; Forrester, Lawrence J. (3 May 1985). "Comparative Toxinology of Loxosceles reclusa and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis". Science. 228 (4699): 590–591. doi:10.1126/science.3983643. PMID 3983643.
  6. ↑ Bernheimer, Robinson, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. v. 148, 260-266 (1987)
  7. ↑ "Historic Fellows". American Association for the Advancement of Science.
  8. ↑ Poupard, James A. (25 September 2010). A History of Microbiology in Philadelphia: 1880 to 2010: Including a Detailed History of the Eastern Pennsylvania Branch of the American Society for Microbiology from 1920 to 2010. Xlibris Corporation. ISBN 9781453503935.
  9. ↑ "The Stuart Mudd Memorial Lecture Series 1976-1995". Eastern Pennsylvania Branch of the American Society for Microbiology (EPAASM).
  10. ↑ Weinstein, Scott A.; Warrell, David A.; White, Julian; Keyler, Daniel E. (20 June 2011). "Venomous Bites from Non-Venomous Snakes: A Critical Analysis of Risk and Management of "Colubrid Snake Bites. Elsevier. p. xi. ISBN 9780123877550.
  11. ↑ Bernheimer, Alan (1978). "Reflectographs: Nonfigurative Artworks Made Using Photographic Materials". Leonardo. 11 (3): 177–179. doi:10.2307/1574138.
  12. 1 2 World Who's Who in Science: A Biographical Dictionary of Notable Scientists from Antiquity to the Present. Marquis-Who's Who, Incorporated. 1968. p. 163. ISBN 9780837910017.
  13. ↑ "Obituary. Harriet Bernheimer". The New York Times. July 29, 2009.
  14. ↑ "From Nature: An Interview with Alan Bernheimer". Rain Taxi. July 19, 2019. (interview by Caleb Beckwith)
  15. ↑ Turk, D. C. (April 1977). "Review of Mechanisms in bacterial toxinology by Alan W. Bernheimer". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 70: 293. doi:10.1177/003591577707000433. S2CID 200079444.
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