Actinidia kolomikta
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Ericales
Family: Actinidiaceae
Genus: Actinidia
Species:
A. kolomikta
Binomial name
Actinidia kolomikta
Synonyms[1]
  • Actinidia maloides H.L.Li

Actinidia kolomikta, the kolomikta,[2] miyamatatabi,[3] super-hardy kiwi,[4] or variegated-leaf hardy kiwi,[5] is a species of flowering plant in the family Actinidiaceae, native to temperate mixed forests of the Russian Far East, Korea, Japan and China (Eastern Asiatic Region).[1]

Description

The plant is a very long-lived, deciduous woody scrambling vine and creeper,[6] which ultimately grows to 8–10 m (26–33 ft). It is the hardiest species in the genus Actinidia, at least down to about −40 °C (−40 °F) in winter, albeit somewhat susceptible to late spring frosts.

Cultivation

Actinidia kolomikta is an ornamental plant for gardens and a houseplant. The plant was collected by Charles Maries in Sapporo, on the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido, where the plant was locally called miyamatatabi,[7] in 1878, and sent to his patrons, Veitch Nurseries, who introduced it into Western horticulture.[8]

Actinidia kolomikta is cultivated in cold temperate regions as an ornamental plant, largely for the striking random variegation in pink and white of some its leaves but also because of the relatively small (2-5 g or 0.07- 0.18 ounces) kiwifruit-like berries it produces. There are a number of named cultivars bred for the latter purpose in Russia and Poland, though it takes years for a plant to start yielding, and because A. kolomikta is dioecious a male pollenizer plant is required for the wild vines and most of the cultivars.

This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[2]

Pests

The plant is attractive to cats, which find it more attractive than catnip or valerian and can severely damage the vine. An early propagator in Boston found all his pots of the newly introduced plant bitten to stubs in his greenhouse, before his cat was discovered to be the culprit.[8]

Etymology

Actinidia is derived from Greek and means ‘rayed’, which is a reference to the rayed styles of the flowers.[9]

Kolomikta is a vernacular name from Amur in eastern Russia, and is probably in reference to the multifarious color of the leaves.[9]

References

  1. 1 2 Li, Jianqiang; Li, Xinwei; Soejarto, D. Doel. "Actinidia kolomikta". Flora of China. Vol. 12. Retrieved 2013-11-18 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  2. 1 2 "Actinidia kolomikta". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
  3. ↑ "Actinidia kolomikta". Love Evergreen. Archived from the original on 2021-06-02.
  4. ↑ "Hardy Kiwifruit". California Rare Fruit Growers, Inc. 1996. Archived from the original on 2011-04-10.
  5. ↑ English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 338. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2016 – via Korea Forest Service.
  6. ↑ "Actinidia kolomikta - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
  7. ↑ Yoshisuke, Satake (1989). Wild Flowers of Japan. Tokyo: Heibonsha. ISBN 4-582-53513-5.
  8. 1 2 Alice M. Coats, Garden Shrubs and Their History (1964) 1992, s.v. "Actinidia".
  9. 1 2 Gledhill, David (2008). The Names of Plants. Cambridge University Press. pp. 35, 225. ISBN 978-0-521-86645-3.
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