81st Division
81st Philippine Division Emblem 1941-42
Active1941 - 10 May 1942
Country Commonwealth of the Philippines
BranchPhilippine Army
TypeInfantry Division
RoleInfantry
Size6,000
Part ofMindanao Force
Visayan-Mindanao Force
Garrison/HQCamp Kiethley, Dansalan (Marawi), Lanao
Warwick Barracks, Cebu City, Cebu
EngagementsWorld War II
Commanders
CommanderCol. (later BGen.) Guy O. Fort
Chief of StaffLCol. Calixto Duque
Personnel StaffAide de Camp - Maj Floyd Forte
General StaffsG4 Supply - Maj Richard Pritchard
Col. (later BGen.) Guy O. Fort commander of 81st Infantry Division. He was tortured and executed after refusing to be used to encourage soldiers to surrender.

The 81st Infantry Division was a reserve division of the Philippine Army under the United States Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE). It was established in the prewar period and fought 1941–1942.

Organization

  • 81st Infantry Regiment (PA) (commander, Ruperto Kangleon) (transferred to Mindanao but in Agusan sector)
    • 1st Battalion - Capt. Luis Dator
    • 2nd Battalion - Capt Segundo Velasco
    • 3rd Battalion - Capt Tiburcio Bancaras | Maj Joseph Stensland
  • 82nd Infantry Regiment (PA) - (left in Cebu) Col. Emigdio David
    • 1st Battalion - Capt Mariano Rafols
    • 2nd Battalion - Captain Luis Jakosalem | Maj Daniel Iway
    • 3rd Battalion - Captain Olegario Baura
  • 83rd Infantry Regiment (PA) - (left in Cebu) Col. Fortunato Borbon | LCol. Rufus H. Rogers
    • 1st Battalion - LCol. Arthur Grimes, USA (Initially defending Bohol later transferred to Cebu)
    • 2nd Battalion - Maj. Manson Sharp
    • 3rd Battalion - Maj. Edward McClenahan
  • 81st Field Artillery Regiment (PA) (LCol. John P. Woodbridge) (Moved to Mindanao and attached to 102nd Division)
    • HQ Company
    • 1st Bn/81st FA Regt (PA) (75mm guns, 8x) (guns & ammunition never arrived; sunk on the SS Corregidor, 17 Dec 1941)
    • 2nd Bn/81st FA Regt (PA) (3-inch guns, 6x) (guns & ammunition never arrived; sunk on the SS Corregidor, 17 Dec 1941)
    • 3rd Bn/81st FA Regt (PA)
  • 81st Engineer Battalion (PA) - Capt Jose Hidalgo | Capt Alber H. Price
  • 81st Division Units (PA)
    • 81st Division Headquarters & HQ Company (PA)
    • 81st Medical Battalion (PA)
    • 81st Signal Company (PA)
    • 81st Quartermaster Company (Motorized) (PA)
    • 81st QM Transport Company (Truck) (PA)

History

It was active from 1941 to 10 May 1942, whereupon it surrendered after Corregidor fell. It was active in Mindanao. Colonel (later Brigadier General) Guy O. Fort (PA) was the division's commander, and was later tortured and executed by the Japanese, apparently because he would not comply with their frustrated attempts to use him for propaganda in Mindanao.

The 81st Division was known as the Moro Bolo Battalion due to their use of the bolo, a machete-like tool.[1]

Combat Narrative

After the Japanese invasion of the Philippines in December 1941, it formed part of Visayan-Mindanao Force under Brigadier General (later Major General) William F. Sharp, HQ originally at Cebu City. 81st Field Artillery Regiment's guns didn't reach them as it sunk when SS Corregidor sunk in Manila Bay and had to organize as infantry.

Transfer to Mindanao

General Fort and 81st Division Headquarters was ordered to Mindanao island and assigned in Lanao sector which General Fort assumed as sector commander. 2nd Regular Infantry Regiment under LCol Calixto Duque was absorbed into the division and 61st Infantry Regiment under LCol Eugene Mitchell from Panay and 73rd Infantry Regiment under LCol Robert Vessey from Negros island also attached.. There are no artillery unit in the division so it have to rely on the Field Artillery Detachment of Mindanao Force.

81st Infantry Regiment was transferred to Agusan Sector and commanded by LCol William Van Nostrand as Col Ruperto Kangleon was designated as sector executive officer. 81st Field Artillery Regiment went to Mindanao Force reserve and later attached to 102nd Infantry Division.

Cotabato Landing

Kawaguchi Detachment of 56th Division IJA landed in both Cotabato and Parang towns in Cotabato province. General Fort send 2nd Regular Regiment to oppose landing in Cotabato and 61st Infantry Regiment to oppose landing in Parang. 2nd Regular Regiment gave formidable defense but have to withdraw to avoid being flank units from 101st Division defending Davao-Cotabato road retreated. 61st Infantry in Parang didn't fare to the more experienced and modern weapons of Japanese and have to withdraw. LCol. Eugene Mitchell commander of 61st Infantry tried to mount another defensive lines but his troops are annihilated and have to withdraw and in the chaos he was captured.

Surrender

Division was still giving a good fight in Lanao sector when it was ordered by MGen. Sharp to surrender which BGen. Fort reluctantly complied. General Sharp sent an emissary to ensure General Fort comply in Lanao. It surrendered in Lanao but American and Filipino soldiers who refused to surrender went to the hills and started a guerilla warfare. Among them are LCol. Wendell Fertig in Lanao area and Col. Ruperto Kangleon who went back Leyte after escaping and established his own guerilla unit there.

General Guy O. Fort was executed by Japanese when he refused to convince his soldiers who went to mountains to fight as guerillas to surrender.

Order of Battle January - May 1942 (Mindanao)

  • 73rd Infantry Regiment - LCol Robert Vesey, USA (added in Mindanao)
    • 1st Battalion - Capt Albert Chase
    • 2nd Battalion - Capt Jack M. Laro
    • 3rd Battalion - Capt. John Stephens
  • 61st Infantry Regiment (PA) (LCol. Eugene Mitchell) (added in Mindanao from Panay Island)
    • 1st Battalion - Maj Sam Jones
    • 2nd Battalion - Maj Clyde Childress | Capt Harry Harper
    • 3rd Battalion - Maj Ernest McLish
  • 84th Provisional Infantry Regiment (LCol. Jay Navin)(Formed in Mindanao)
  • 2nd Infantry (Regular) Regiment (PA) (LCol Calixto Duque) (added in Mindanao from Luzon)
    • 1st Battalion
    • 2nd Battalion
    • 3rd Battalion
  • 81st Engineer Battalion (PA) Maj. Leopoldo Regis
  • 81st Division Units (PA)
    • 81st Division Headquarters & HQ Company (PA)
    • 81st Medical Battalion (PA)
    • 81st Signal Company (PA)
    • 81st Quartermaster Company (Motorized) (PA)
    • 81st QM Transport Company (Truck) (PA)

Notables Soldiers

  • Calixto Duque - later became AFP Chief of Staff few years after the war
  • Segundo Velasco - later became chief of constabulary and AFP Chief of Staff.
  • Louis D. Barnes - Division Medical Officer died in Hell Ship 1945.
  • Guy O. Fort - Division Commander

Sources

  • Morton, Louis (1953). United States Army in World War II, The War in the Pacific: The Fall of the Philippines. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, United States Army.
  • Whitman, John W. (1990). Bataan: Our Last Ditch : The Bataan Campaign, 1942. Hippocrene Books. ISBN 0-87052-877-7.

References

  1. ↑ Kratoska, Paul H. (13 May 2013). Southeast Asian Minorities in the Wartime Japanese Empire. Routledge. p. 226. ISBN 978-1-136-12514-0.

Bibliography

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.