448th Missile Squadron

448th Missile Squadron
448th Missile Squadron
	LGM-30G Minuteman III test launch at Vandenberg AFB, California
Active	1942–1945; 1947–1949; 1959–1961; 1965–1997
Country	United States
Branch	United States Air Force
Type	Squadron
Role	Intercontinental ballistic missile
Motto(s)	In Aquilae Cura Latin Under the Care of the Eagle
Engagements	; World War II (EAME Theater)
Decorations	; Distinguished Unit Citation (2x); ; Air Force Outstanding Unit Award
Insignia
448 Missile Sq emblem
448th Strategic Missile Squadron emblem
448th Bombardment Squadron emblem
448th Bombardment Squadron emblem (World War II)

The 448th Missile Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 321st Missile Group at Grand Forks Air Force Base, North Dakota, where it was equipped with the LGM-30G Minuteman III Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), with a mission of nuclear deterrence.

The squadron was first activated in 1942 as the 448th Bombardment Squadron and was equipped with North American B-25 Mitchell medium bombers. After training in the United States, it deployed to the Mediterranean Theater of Operations, serving in combat until 1945. The squadron earned a Distinguished Unit Citation for its actions. After the war, it returned to the United States and was inactivated. From 1947 through 1949, it served in the reserve, but does not appear to have been fully manned or equipped.

The squadron was activated in Strategic Air Command in 1953 and served with Boeing B-47 Stratojets until inactivating in 1961. it was activated at Grand Forks AFB, North Dakota in 1965 as the 448th Strategic Missile Squadron.

History

World War II

Activated in mid-1942 as a North American B-25 Mitchell medium bomber squadron, trained by Third Air Force in the southeastern United States. Deployed to the Mediterranean Theater of Operations, being assigned to Twelfth Air Force in Algeria in early 1943. In North Africa, the squadron engaged primarily in support and interdictory operations, bombing marshalling yards, rail lines, highways, bridges, viaducts, troop concentrations, gun emplacements, shipping, harbors, and other objectives in North Africa.

The squadron also engaged in psychological warfare missions, dropping propaganda leaflets behind enemy lines. Took part in the Allied operations against Axis forces in North Africa during March–May 1943, the reduction of Pantelleria and Lampedusa islands during June, the invasion of Sicily in July, the landing at Salerno in September, the Allied advance toward Rome during January–June 1944, the invasion of Southern France in August 1944, and the Allied operations in northern Italy from September 1944 to April 1945. Inactivated in Italy after the German Capitulation in September 1945.

Reactivated as part of the reserve in 1947 and then inactivated in 1949 due to budget cuts.

Strategic Air Command

The squadron was reactivated in 1959 as a Strategic Air Command Boeing B-47 Stratojet squadron. Trained in air refueling and strategic bombardment operations with the B-47. in 1961, the squadron began transferring its B-47s to other SAC wings and became non-operational as part of the phaseout of the B-47.

Intercontinental ballistic missile squadron

On 1 September 1965 the 446th Strategic Missile Squadron was organized as a SAC LGM-30F Minuteman II intercontinental ballistic missile squadron. It became operational on 7 December 1966, with a complement of 50 missiles. Participated in "Project Long Life II", a unique reliability test in which modified Minuteman missiles were fueled to travel a few hundred yards. The first launch from a silo occurred on 19 October 1966 and was declared unsuccessful. Nine days later, a second attempt also failed. A third attempt under "Project Giant Boost" occurred in August 1968 and again proved unsuccessful.

From December 1971 to March 1973, converted to LGM-30G Minuteman III missiles. These missiles represented a significant technological advancement, having multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (MIRVs). Coordinating the missile changeover required complex planning and execution.

With the restructuring of the Air Force and the disestablishment of Strategic Air Command (SAC) in the early 1990s was reassigned to Air Combat Command in 1992 and then under Air Force Space Command in 1993.

In March 1995, the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) Commission selected the 321st Strategic Missile Wing for inactivation. Squadron was ordered to securely transfer its alert responsibilities to the 341st Missile Wing at Malmstrom Air Force Base, Montana. Maintained nuclear alert until inactivated in 1997, nearly 40 years after it went on alert.

Lineage

Constituted as the 448th Bombardment Squadron (Medium) on 19 June 1942

Activated on 26 June 1942

Redesignated 448th Bombardment Squadron, Medium on 6 March 1944

Inactivated on 12 September 1945

Redesignated 448th Bombardment Squadron, Light on 26 May 1947

Activated in the reserve on 29 June 1947

Inactivated on 27 June 1949

Redesignated 448th Bombardment Squadron, Medium on 30 October 1958

Activated on 1 February 1959

Discontinued and inactivated on 25 October 1961

Redesignated 448th Strategic Missile Squadron (ICBM-Minuteman) on 2 August 1965 and activated (not organized)

Organized on 15 September 1965

Redesignated 448th Missile Squadron on 1 September 1991^[4]

Inactivated on 23 September 1997

Assignments

321st Bombardment Group, 26 June 1942 – 12 September 1945
321st Bombardment Group, 29 June 1947 – 27 June 1949
321st Bombardment Wing, 1 February 1959 – 25 October 1961
321st Strategic Missile Wing (later 321st Missile) Wing), 1 September 1965
321st Operations Group, 1 September 1991
321st Missile Group, 1 July 1994 –23 September 1997^[4]

Stations

Barksdale Field, Louisiana, 26 June 1942
Columbia Army Air Base, South Carolina, c. 1 August 1942
Walterboro Army Air Field, South Carolina, September 1942
DeRidder Army Air Base, Louisiana, c. 1 December 1942 – 21 January 1943
Ain M'lila Airfield, Algeria, 12 March 1943
Souk-el-Arba Airfield, Tunisia, c. 1 June 1943
Soliman Airfield, Tunisia, 8 August 1943
Grottaglie Airfield, Italy, October 1943

Amendola Airfield, Italy, c. 20 November 1943
Vincenzo Airfield, Italy, 14 January 1944
Gaudo Airfield, Italy, February 1944
Solenzara Air Base, Corsica, France, 23 April 1944
Falconara Airfield, Italy, 1 April 1945
Pomigliano Airfield, Italy, c. September-12 September 1945
Stout Field, Indiana 29 June 1947 – 27 June 1949
McCoy Air Force Base, Florida, 1 February 1959 – 25 October 1961
Grand Forks Air Force Base, North Dakota, 1 September 1965 – 23 September 1997^[4]

Aircraft and missiles

LGM-30 Minuteman Missile Alert and Launch Facilities

North American B-25 Mitchell (1942–1945)
North American AT-6 Texan (1947–1949)
Beechcraft AT-11 Kansan (1947–1949)
Boeing B-47E Stratojet, 1953–1961
LGM-30F Minuteman II, 1965–1973
LGM-30G Minuteman III, 1972–1997

448th Missile Squadron Launch Facilities

Missile Alert Facilities (K-O flights, each controlling 10 missiles) are located as follows:

K-00 9.6 mi NE of Finley ND, 47°37′01″N 097°42′14″W / 47.61694°N 97.70389°W

L-00 10.5 mi W of Hope ND, 47°20′03″N 097°56′24″W / 47.33417°N 97.94000°W

M-00 3.8 mi SxSE of Hope ND, 47°16′17″N 097°41′19″W / 47.27139°N 97.68861°W

N-00 6.1 mi S of Hannaford ND, 47°13′24″N 098°11′30″W / 47.22333°N 98.19167°W

O-00 3.6 mi N of Cooperstown ND, 47°29′51″N 098°07′37″W / 47.49750°N 98.12694°W

References

Notes

Explanatory notes

↑ Approved 17 October 1994.
↑ Approved 30 November 1966.
↑ Approved 3 February 1960.

Citations

1 2 3 4 No byline (12 October 2001). "Factsheet 448th Missile Squadron". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Archived from the original on 23 October 2004. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
↑ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 553–554
↑ Watkins, pp. 86–87
1 2 3 Lineage, including assignments, stations and aircraft, through 1991 in AFHRA Factsheet

Bibliography

This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-02-1. LCCN 61060979. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556.
Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings, Lineage & Honors Histories 1947–1977. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-12-9. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
Watkins, Robert A. (2009). Insignia and Aircraft Markings of the U.S. Army Air Force in World War II. Vol. IV, European-African-Middle Eastern Theater of Operations. Atglen, PA: Shiffer Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7643-3401-6.

External links

Grand Forks AFB Minuteman Missile Site Coordinates

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[2] Approved 17 October 1994.

[3] Approved 30 November 1966.

[4] Approved 3 February 1960.

[448MSfacts-1] 1 2 3 4 No byline (12 October 2001). "Factsheet 448th Missile Squadron". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Archived from the original on 23 October 2004. Retrieved 6 March 2019.

[Maurer448BS-5] Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 553–554

[6] Watkins, pp. 86–87

[448MSfacts2-7] 1 2 3 Lineage, including assignments, stations and aircraft, through 1991 in AFHRA Factsheet

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