1970 New Guinea earthquake
1970 New Guinea earthquake is located in Papua New Guinea
Port Moresby
Port Moresby
1970 New Guinea earthquake
UTC time1970-10-31 17:53:14
ISC event791579
USGS-ANSSComCat
Local dateNovember 1, 1970 (1970-11-01)
Local time03:53:14 AEST
Magnitude6.9 Mw [1]
Depth60 km (37 mi) [1]
Epicenter5°00′S 145°24′E / 5°S 145.4°E / -5; 145.4 [1]
TypeStrike-slip
Areas affectedPapua New Guinea
Total damageUS$1.75 million [2]
Max. intensityVIII (Severe) [2]
Tsunami3 m (10 ft) [2]
Casualties5–18 deaths [2]
20 injured [2]

On October 31 at 17:53 UTC (November 1 at 03:53 AEST) the island of New Guinea was shaken by an earthquake of magnitude 6.9 Mw that particularly affected the city of Madang on the north coast of Papua New Guinea. Causing between five and eighteen fatalities, it triggered landslides that ran down steep hills into poorly reinforced wooden huts. The area that experienced the most powerful intensity extended 20 kilometers (12 mi) out from the epicenter. Underwater landslides caused minor tsunami over about 100 km of coast and severed underwater cables in several places.[3]

Tectonic setting

The island of New Guinea lies within the complex zone of collision between the Australian Plate and the Pacific Plate. Within this overall setting, the active tectonics of northern Papua New Guinea is dominate by the effects of continuing collision between the Huon–Finisterre island arc terrane with the edge of the Australian continental margin. The overall shortening is concentrated into two zones of thrust faulting, the Ramu–Markham fault zone, which forms the southwestern boundary of the Huon–Finisterre terrane, and the Highlands Thrust Belt, which lies further southwest and deforms the Australian margin.[4] The hanging wall of the Ramu–Markham thrust system is broken up by a series of strike-slip faults. The orientation of these faults, parallel to the direction of thrusting, suggests that they accommodate distortion of the Huon–Finisterre block. Most of the seismicity in northern Papua New Guinea is associated with the Ramu–Markham fault system, with a smaller number of earthquakes occurring on the strike-slip faults and on the Highlands Thrust Belt.

Earthquake

The earthquake took place near Madang, approximately 350 miles (563 km) northwest of Port Moresby. Generally, it was on the northeast coast.[5] The earthquake was the result of strike-slip faulting.[4][6]

Damage and casualties

Up to eighteen deaths and twenty injuries occurred. Felt throughout the entire island of New Guinea, it caused extensive damage in the city of Madang, where it killed three people.[7] Several homes buckled and cracks appeared in streets.[8] On the coast of the island, a cable connecting telephone units for Australia and Guam was cut.[7] Initially, officials were worried of a tsunami risk though the earthquake did not produce any.[5] This was due to a dramatic recession of water levels near the epicenter, followed by a rise that at one point measured 3 meters (10 ft).[9] When a canoe was inverted by this change, three people were killed.[9]

Its maximum intensity of VIII (Severe) was restricted to a zone 20 kilometers (12 mi) from the epicenter (including the epicenter). Up to 70 kilometers (43 mi) away from the epicenter, damage measuring intensity VII (Very strong) was recorded. Landslides caused most of the deaths (which the Catalog of Tsunamis in the Pacific, 1969–1982 lists as 15), which occurred in wooden huts damaged by the shock and crushed by rock.[9] The number of huts damaged totaled more than 800.[9] The city most damaged was Madang. Houses with poor earthquake engineering such as those with weakly reinforced frames performed poorly. Forty-five percent of the city's steel water tanks were beyond repair.[9]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 ISC (2015), ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2009), Version 2.0, International Seismological Centre
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 USGS (September 4, 2009), PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog, Version 2008_06.1, United States Geological Survey
  3. ↑ NGDC. "Comments for the Tsunami Event". Retrieved May 14, 2010.
  4. 1 2 Abers, G.A.; McCaffrey, R. (1994). "Active arc-continent collision: Earthquakes, gravity anomalies, and fault kinematics in the Huon-Finisterre collision zone, Papua New Guinea". Tectonics. 13 (2): 227–245. Bibcode:1994Tecto..13..227A. doi:10.1029/93TC02940.
  5. 1 2 "Strong Earthquake Hits New Guinea Coast Area". The Victoria Advocate. Victoria Advocate Publishing Co. November 1, 1970. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
  6. ↑ Borrero, J.C.; Bu J.; Saiang C.; Uslu B.; Freckman J.; Gomer B.; Okal E.A. & Synolakis C.E. (2003). "Field Survey and Preliminary Modeling of the Wewak, Papua New Guinea Earthquake and Tsunami of 9 September 2002" (PDF). Seismological Research Letters. 74 (4): 393–405. Bibcode:2003SeiRL..74..393B. doi:10.1785/gssrl.74.4.393. ISSN 0895-0695. Retrieved May 14, 2010.
  7. 1 2 "Today in Earthquake History: October 31". December 18, 2009. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
  8. ↑ "Earthquake Jolts New Guinea". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Journal Communications. November 2, 1970. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 Soloviev, S. L.; Go, C. N.; Kim, K. (1992), Catalog of tsunamis in the Pacific 1969–1982, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, p. 32, ISBN 9780788139314
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