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The 1830 Liverpool by-election took place on 30 November to elect one of Liverpool's two Members of Parliament (MPs) after the death of incumbent William Huskisson. Huskisson, who had died in a railway accident in September, was a Tory, as was fellow MP Isaac Gascoyne. Radical William Ewart defeated Whig Evelyn Denison. Both men's views were regarded as similar, but Denison was considered more elitist and anti-reform.
After allegations of bribery, the election was nullified in March. Both Ewart and Denison defeated Gascoyne heavily in the following year's general election.
Background
The constituency of Liverpool was entitled to two Members of Parliament (MPs). Since 1729, franchise in the constituency had been restricted to the Mayor, bailiffs, and freemen who were not receiving alms. This gave an electorate size contemporaneously estimated to be around 3,000,[1] although modern sources give more than 5,000 eligible voters in the early 1830s.[2]
Isaac Gascoyne and George Canning heavily defeated two other candidates to receive the seats in 1820.[1] Canning became prime minister in 1823, whereupon his protege, William Huskisson, succeeded him in the constituency. Gascoyne and Huskisson would continue as MPs until Huskisson died in an accident while attending the opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway on 15 September, necessitating a by-election to determine his successor.[2]
Campaign
Campaigning for the election began before Huskisson was buried, on 24 September.[2]
William Ewart, a member of multiple commercial and politically-linked families, announced his candidacy on 1 October.[3]
A Mr. Gladstone was speculated as a possible third candidate on 22 October, but had not formally entered the race as of the following day. At the same time, the opinions of Denison and Ewart were considered so identical that in the absence of a third candidate the race was considered "in great measure a personal one".[4] Nevertheless, Denison was criticised for failing to disclose his opinions on various issues to the electorate at that time.[4]
During the campaign, Denison was criticised for espousing aristocratic and anti-franchise expansion views, which were considered especially hypocritical given that he had visited America.[5]
Results
This election was conducted over the course of 7 days.[6]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Radical | William Ewart | 2,215 | 50.3 | +30.6 | |
| Whig | Evelyn Denison | 2,186 | 49.7 | N/A | |
| Majority | 29 | 0.6 | N/A | ||
| Turnout | 4,401 | c. 82.3 | c. +77.0 | ||
| Registered electors | c. 5,350 | ||||
| Radical gain from Tory | Swing | N/A | |||
Aftermath
Both sides accused each other of bribery, and the election was declared null and void in March.[2]
In the 1831 election, both Denison and Ewart defeated Gascoyne by a respective 1,886 and 1,910 to Gascoyne's 610. Gascoyne, mockingly described as "Gallant" by the Morning Chronicle, was also deemed to have "the ambition to obtain a bad pre-eminence".[7]
References
- 1 2 "Representation of Liverpool". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. Vol. 6, no. 301. 2 October 1830. p. 4. Retrieved 11 January 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Escott, Margaret. "Liverpool". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
- ↑ "Representation of Liverpool". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. Vol. 6, no. 301. 2 October 1830. p. 2. Retrieved 11 January 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- 1 2 "Representation of Liverpool". Sheffield and Rotherham Independent. Vol. 11, no. 566. 23 October 1830. p. 4. Retrieved 11 January 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ Vindex (12 November 1830). "To the Editors of the Liverpool Mercury". Liverpool Mercury. Vol. 20, no. 1019. p. 8. Retrieved 11 January 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ Stooks Smith, Henry. (1973) [1844–1850]. Craig, F. W. S. (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. pp. 180–184. ISBN 0-900178-13-2.
- ↑ No title. The Morning Chronicle. Vol. 19, no. 47. 6 May 1831. p. 2. Retrieved 11 January 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
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