zonda
Zulu
Inflection
Tone H | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukuzonda | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukuzonda | ukungazondi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | zonda | -zonde | |||||||
Plural | zondani | -zondeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyazonda, ngizonda | engizondayo, engizonda | ngizonda | angizondi | engingazondi | ngingazondi | |||
2nd singular | uyazonda, uzonda | ozondayo, ozonda | uzonda | awuzondi | ongazondi | ungazondi | |||
1st plural | siyazonda, sizonda | esizondayo, esizonda | sizonda | asizondi | esingazondi | singazondi | |||
2nd plural | niyazonda, nizonda | enizondayo, enizonda | nizonda | anizondi | eningazondi | ningazondi | |||
Class 1 | uyazonda, uzonda | ozondayo, ozonda | ezonda | akazondi | ongazondi | engazondi | |||
Class 2 | bayazonda, bazonda | abazondayo, abazonda | bezonda | abazondi | abangazondi | bengazondi | |||
Class 3 | uyazonda, uzonda | ozondayo, ozonda | uzonda | awuzondi | ongazondi | ungazondi | |||
Class 4 | iyazonda, izonda | ezondayo, ezonda | izonda | ayizondi | engazondi | ingazondi | |||
Class 5 | liyazonda, lizonda | elizondayo, elizonda | lizonda | alizondi | elingazondi | lingazondi | |||
Class 6 | ayazonda, azonda | azondayo, azonda | ezonda | awazondi | angazondi | engazondi | |||
Class 7 | siyazonda, sizonda | esizondayo, esizonda | sizonda | asizondi | esingazondi | singazondi | |||
Class 8 | ziyazonda, zizonda | ezizondayo, ezizonda | zizonda | azizondi | ezingazondi | zingazondi | |||
Class 9 | iyazonda, izonda | ezondayo, ezonda | izonda | ayizondi | engazondi | ingazondi | |||
Class 10 | ziyazonda, zizonda | ezizondayo, ezizonda | zizonda | azizondi | ezingazondi | zingazondi | |||
Class 11 | luyazonda, luzonda | oluzondayo, oluzonda | luzonda | aluzondi | olungazondi | lungazondi | |||
Class 14 | buyazonda, buzonda | obuzondayo, obuzonda | buzonda | abuzondi | obungazondi | bungazondi | |||
Class 15 | kuyazonda, kuzonda | okuzondayo, okuzonda | kuzonda | akuzondi | okungazondi | kungazondi | |||
Class 17 | kuyazonda, kuzonda | okuzondayo, okuzonda | kuzonda | akuzondi | okungazondi | kungazondi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizondile, ngizondē | engizondile, engizondē | ngizondile, ngizondē | angizondanga | engingazondanga | ngingazondanga | |||
2nd singular | uzondile, uzondē | ozondile, ozondē | uzondile, uzondē | awuzondanga | ongazondanga | ungazondanga | |||
1st plural | sizondile, sizondē | esizondile, esizondē | sizondile, sizondē | asizondanga | esingazondanga | singazondanga | |||
2nd plural | nizondile, nizondē | enizondile, enizondē | nizondile, nizondē | anizondanga | eningazondanga | ningazondanga | |||
Class 1 | uzondile, uzondē | ozondile, ozondē | ezondile, ezondē | akazondanga | ongazondanga | engazondanga | |||
Class 2 | bazondile, bazondē | abazondile, abazondē | bezondile, bezondē | abazondanga | abangazondanga | bengazondanga | |||
Class 3 | uzondile, uzondē | ozondile, ozondē | uzondile, uzondē | awuzondanga | ongazondanga | ungazondanga | |||
Class 4 | izondile, izondē | ezondile, ezondē | izondile, izondē | ayizondanga | engazondanga | ingazondanga | |||
Class 5 | lizondile, lizondē | elizondile, elizondē | lizondile, lizondē | alizondanga | elingazondanga | lingazondanga | |||
Class 6 | azondile, azondē | azondile, azondē | ezondile, ezondē | awazondanga | angazondanga | engazondanga | |||
Class 7 | sizondile, sizondē | esizondile, esizondē | sizondile, sizondē | asizondanga | esingazondanga | singazondanga | |||
Class 8 | zizondile, zizondē | ezizondile, ezizondē | zizondile, zizondē | azizondanga | ezingazondanga | zingazondanga | |||
Class 9 | izondile, izondē | ezondile, ezondē | izondile, izondē | ayizondanga | engazondanga | ingazondanga | |||
Class 10 | zizondile, zizondē | ezizondile, ezizondē | zizondile, zizondē | azizondanga | ezingazondanga | zingazondanga | |||
Class 11 | luzondile, luzondē | oluzondile, oluzondē | luzondile, luzondē | aluzondanga | olungazondanga | lungazondanga | |||
Class 14 | buzondile, buzondē | obuzondile, obuzondē | buzondile, buzondē | abuzondanga | obungazondanga | bungazondanga | |||
Class 15 | kuzondile, kuzondē | okuzondile, okuzondē | kuzondile, kuzondē | akuzondanga | okungazondanga | kungazondanga | |||
Class 17 | kuzondile, kuzondē | okuzondile, okuzondē | kuzondile, kuzondē | akuzondanga | okungazondanga | kungazondanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāzonda | engāzonda | ngāzonda | angizondanga | engingazondanga | ngingazondanga | |||
2nd singular | wāzonda | owāzonda | wāzonda | awuzondanga | ongazondanga | ungazondanga | |||
1st plural | sāzonda | esāzonda | sāzonda | asizondanga | esingazondanga | singazondanga | |||
2nd plural | nāzonda | enāzonda | nāzonda | anizondanga | eningazondanga | ningazondanga | |||
Class 1 | wāzonda | owāzonda | āzonda | akazondanga | ongazondanga | engazondanga | |||
Class 2 | bāzonda | abāzonda | bāzonda | abazondanga | abangazondanga | bengazondanga | |||
Class 3 | wāzonda | owāzonda | wāzonda | awuzondanga | ongazondanga | ungazondanga | |||
Class 4 | yāzonda | eyāzonda | yāzonda | ayizondanga | engazondanga | ingazondanga | |||
Class 5 | lāzonda | elāzonda | lāzonda | alizondanga | elingazondanga | lingazondanga | |||
Class 6 | āzonda | āzonda | āzonda | awazondanga | angazondanga | engazondanga | |||
Class 7 | sāzonda | esāzonda | sāzonda | asizondanga | esingazondanga | singazondanga | |||
Class 8 | zāzonda | ezāzonda | zāzonda | azizondanga | ezingazondanga | zingazondanga | |||
Class 9 | yāzonda | eyāzonda | yāzonda | ayizondanga | engazondanga | ingazondanga | |||
Class 10 | zāzonda | ezāzonda | zāzonda | azizondanga | ezingazondanga | zingazondanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāzonda | olwāzonda | lwāzonda | aluzondanga | olungazondanga | lungazondanga | |||
Class 14 | bāzonda | obāzonda | bāzonda | abuzondanga | obungazondanga | bungazondanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāzonda | okwāzonda | kwāzonda | akuzondanga | okungazondanga | kungazondanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāzonda | okwāzonda | kwāzonda | akuzondanga | okungazondanga | kungazondanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingazonda | — | ngingazonda | ngingezonde | — | ngingezonde | |||
2nd singular | ungazonda | — | ungazonda | ungezonde | — | ungezonde | |||
1st plural | singazonda | — | singazonda | singezonde | — | singezonde | |||
2nd plural | ningazonda | — | ningazonda | ningezonde | — | ningezonde | |||
Class 1 | angazonda | — | engazonda | angezonde | — | engezonde | |||
Class 2 | bangazonda | — | bengazonda | bangezonde | — | bengezonde | |||
Class 3 | ungazonda | — | ungazonda | ungezonde | — | ungezonde | |||
Class 4 | ingazonda | — | ingazonda | ingezonde | — | ingezonde | |||
Class 5 | lingazonda | — | lingazonda | lingezonde | — | lingezonde | |||
Class 6 | angazonda | — | engazonda | angezonde | — | engezonde | |||
Class 7 | singazonda | — | singazonda | singezonde | — | singezonde | |||
Class 8 | zingazonda | — | zingazonda | zingezonde | — | zingezonde | |||
Class 9 | ingazonda | — | ingazonda | ingezonde | — | ingezonde | |||
Class 10 | zingazonda | — | zingazonda | zingezonde | — | zingezonde | |||
Class 11 | lungazonda | — | lungazonda | lungezonde | — | lungezonde | |||
Class 14 | bungazonda | — | bungazonda | bungezonde | — | bungezonde | |||
Class 15 | kungazonda | — | kungazonda | kungezonde | — | kungezonde | |||
Class 17 | kungazonda | — | kungazonda | kungezonde | — | kungezonde | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizozonda | engizozonda | ngizozonda | angizuzonda | engingezuzonda | ngingezuzonda | |||
2nd singular | uzozonda | ozozonda | uzozonda | awuzuzonda | ongezuzonda | ungezuzonda | |||
1st plural | sizozonda | esizozonda | sizozonda | asizuzonda | esingezuzonda | singezuzonda | |||
2nd plural | nizozonda | enizozonda | nizozonda | anizuzonda | eningezuzonda | ningezuzonda | |||
Class 1 | uzozonda | ozozonda | ezozonda | akazuzonda | ongezuzonda | engezuzonda | |||
Class 2 | bazozonda | abazozonda | bezozonda | abazuzonda | abangezuzonda | bengezuzonda | |||
Class 3 | uzozonda | ozozonda | uzozonda | awuzuzonda | ongezuzonda | ungezuzonda | |||
Class 4 | izozonda | ezozonda | izozonda | ayizuzonda | engezuzonda | ingezuzonda | |||
Class 5 | lizozonda | elizozonda | lizozonda | alizuzonda | elingezuzonda | lingezuzonda | |||
Class 6 | azozonda | azozonda | ezozonda | awazuzonda | angezuzonda | engezuzonda | |||
Class 7 | sizozonda | esizozonda | sizozonda | asizuzonda | esingezuzonda | singezuzonda | |||
Class 8 | zizozonda | ezizozonda | zizozonda | azizuzonda | ezingezuzonda | zingezuzonda | |||
Class 9 | izozonda | ezozonda | izozonda | ayizuzonda | engezuzonda | ingezuzonda | |||
Class 10 | zizozonda | ezizozonda | zizozonda | azizuzonda | ezingezuzonda | zingezuzonda | |||
Class 11 | luzozonda | oluzozonda | luzozonda | aluzuzonda | olungezuzonda | lungezuzonda | |||
Class 14 | buzozonda | obuzozonda | buzozonda | abuzuzonda | obungezuzonda | bungezuzonda | |||
Class 15 | kuzozonda | okuzozonda | kuzozonda | akuzuzonda | okungezuzonda | kungezuzonda | |||
Class 17 | kuzozonda | okuzozonda | kuzozonda | akuzuzonda | okungezuzonda | kungezuzonda | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyozonda | engiyozonda | ngiyozonda | angiyuzonda | engingeyuzonda | ngingeyuzonda | |||
2nd singular | uyozonda | oyozonda | uyozonda | awuyuzonda | ongeyuzonda | ungeyuzonda | |||
1st plural | siyozonda | esiyozonda | siyozonda | asiyuzonda | esingeyuzonda | singeyuzonda | |||
2nd plural | niyozonda | eniyozonda | niyozonda | aniyuzonda | eningeyuzonda | ningeyuzonda | |||
Class 1 | uyozonda | oyozonda | eyozonda | akayuzonda | ongeyuzonda | engeyuzonda | |||
Class 2 | bayozonda | abayozonda | beyozonda | abayuzonda | abangeyuzonda | bengeyuzonda | |||
Class 3 | uyozonda | oyozonda | uyozonda | awuyuzonda | ongeyuzonda | ungeyuzonda | |||
Class 4 | iyozonda | eyozonda | iyozonda | ayiyuzonda | engeyuzonda | ingeyuzonda | |||
Class 5 | liyozonda | eliyozonda | liyozonda | aliyuzonda | elingeyuzonda | lingeyuzonda | |||
Class 6 | ayozonda | ayozonda | eyozonda | awayuzonda | angeyuzonda | engeyuzonda | |||
Class 7 | siyozonda | esiyozonda | siyozonda | asiyuzonda | esingeyuzonda | singeyuzonda | |||
Class 8 | ziyozonda | eziyozonda | ziyozonda | aziyuzonda | ezingeyuzonda | zingeyuzonda | |||
Class 9 | iyozonda | eyozonda | iyozonda | ayiyuzonda | engeyuzonda | ingeyuzonda | |||
Class 10 | ziyozonda | eziyozonda | ziyozonda | aziyuzonda | ezingeyuzonda | zingeyuzonda | |||
Class 11 | luyozonda | oluyozonda | luyozonda | aluyuzonda | olungeyuzonda | lungeyuzonda | |||
Class 14 | buyozonda | obuyozonda | buyozonda | abuyuzonda | obungeyuzonda | bungeyuzonda | |||
Class 15 | kuyozonda | okuyozonda | kuyozonda | akuyuzonda | okungeyuzonda | kungeyuzonda | |||
Class 17 | kuyozonda | okuyozonda | kuyozonda | akuyuzonda | okungeyuzonda | kungeyuzonda | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngizonde | ngingazondi | |||||||
2nd singular | uzonde | ungazondi | |||||||
1st plural | sizonde | singazondi | |||||||
2nd plural | nizonde | ningazondi | |||||||
Class 1 | azonde | angazondi | |||||||
Class 2 | bazonde | bangazondi | |||||||
Class 3 | uzonde | ungazondi | |||||||
Class 4 | izonde | ingazondi | |||||||
Class 5 | lizonde | lingazondi | |||||||
Class 6 | azonde | angazondi | |||||||
Class 7 | sizonde | singazondi | |||||||
Class 8 | zizonde | zingazondi | |||||||
Class 9 | izonde | ingazondi | |||||||
Class 10 | zizonde | zingazondi | |||||||
Class 11 | luzonde | lungazondi | |||||||
Class 14 | buzonde | bungazondi | |||||||
Class 15 | kuzonde | kungazondi | |||||||
Class 17 | kuzonde | kungazondi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngazonda | ngangazonda, angazonda, angangazonda | |||||||
2nd singular | wazonda | wangazonda, awazonda, awangazonda | |||||||
1st plural | sazonda | sangazonda, asazonda, asangazonda | |||||||
2nd plural | nazonda | nangazonda, anazonda, anangazonda | |||||||
Class 1 | wazonda | wangazonda, akazonda, akangazonda | |||||||
Class 2 | bazonda | bangazonda, abazonda, abangazonda | |||||||
Class 3 | wazonda | wangazonda, awazonda, awangazonda | |||||||
Class 4 | yazonda | yangazonda, ayazonda, ayangazonda | |||||||
Class 5 | lazonda | langazonda, alazonda, alangazonda | |||||||
Class 6 | azonda | angazonda, awazonda, awangazonda | |||||||
Class 7 | sazonda | sangazonda, asazonda, asangazonda | |||||||
Class 8 | zazonda | zangazonda, azazonda, azangazonda | |||||||
Class 9 | yazonda | yangazonda, ayazonda, ayangazonda | |||||||
Class 10 | zazonda | zangazonda, azazonda, azangazonda | |||||||
Class 11 | lwazonda | lwangazonda, alwazonda, alwangazonda | |||||||
Class 14 | bazonda | bangazonda, abazonda, abangazonda | |||||||
Class 15 | kwazonda | kwangazonda, akwazonda, akwangazonda | |||||||
Class 17 | kwazonda | kwangazonda, akwazonda, akwangazonda |
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