yꜣ

Egyptian

Etymology

Possibly a New Kingdom descendant of earlier ꜣ (intensifying particle). However, unlike that particle, yꜣ is not enclitic. It may have instead come from a contracted jw (clause-initial particle) +‎ ꜣ (intensifying particle).

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /iːɑ/
- Conventional anglicization: ya

Particle

(Late Egyptian) affirmative particle; really, indeed, but [New Kingdom]

Usage notes

The exact nuance imparted by this particle is unclear.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of yꜣ

yꜣ

jyꜣ

yꜣj

Derived terms

yꜣ jḫ

Descendants

Demotic: jwy
- Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲁ (eia)
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲓⲉ (ie)
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲉ (eie), ⲉⲉⲓⲉ (eeie)

References

Wilson, Penelope (1991) A Lexicographical Study of the Ptolemaic Texts in the Temple of Edfu, Liverpool: University of Liverpool, pages 1–2
Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 25.8–25.9
Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 45
Lesko, Leonard, Lesko, Barbara (2002) A Dictionary of Late Egyptian, second edition, volume 1, Providence: B.C. Scribe Publications, →ISBN, page 11

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