virua
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *virudak (compare dialectal Estonian viruma (but standard Estonian virutama), Veps viruda (“to be bed-ridden”)).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈʋiruɑˣ/, [ˈʋiruɑ̝(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -iruɑ
- Syllabification(key): vi‧ru‧a
Verb
virua
Conjugation
| Inflection of virua (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | virun | en viru | 1st sing. | olen virunut | en ole virunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | virut | et viru | 2nd sing. | olet virunut | et ole virunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | viruu | ei viru | 3rd sing. | on virunut | ei ole virunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | virumme | emme viru | 1st plur. | olemme viruneet | emme ole viruneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | virutte | ette viru | 2nd plur. | olette viruneet | ette ole viruneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | viruvat | eivät viru | 3rd plur. | ovat viruneet | eivät ole viruneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | virutaan | ei viruta | passive | on viruttu | ei ole viruttu | ||||||||||||||||
| past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | viruin | en virunut | 1st sing. | olin virunut | en ollut virunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | viruit | et virunut | 2nd sing. | olit virunut | et ollut virunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | virui | ei virunut | 3rd sing. | oli virunut | ei ollut virunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | viruimme | emme viruneet | 1st plur. | olimme viruneet | emme olleet viruneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | viruitte | ette viruneet | 2nd plur. | olitte viruneet | ette olleet viruneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | viruivat | eivät viruneet | 3rd plur. | olivat viruneet | eivät olleet viruneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | viruttiin | ei viruttu | passive | oli viruttu | ei ollut viruttu | ||||||||||||||||
| conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | viruisin | en viruisi | 1st sing. | olisin virunut | en olisi virunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | viruisit | et viruisi | 2nd sing. | olisit virunut | et olisi virunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | viruisi | ei viruisi | 3rd sing. | olisi virunut | ei olisi virunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | viruisimme | emme viruisi | 1st plur. | olisimme viruneet | emme olisi viruneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | viruisitte | ette viruisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte viruneet | ette olisi viruneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | viruisivat | eivät viruisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat viruneet | eivät olisi viruneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | viruttaisiin | ei viruttaisi | passive | olisi viruttu | ei olisi viruttu | ||||||||||||||||
| imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | viru | älä viru | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | virukoon | älköön viruko | 3rd sing. | olkoon virunut | älköön olko virunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | virukaamme | älkäämme viruko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | virukaa | älkää viruko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | virukoot | älkööt viruko | 3rd plur. | olkoot viruneet | älkööt olko viruneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | viruttakoon | älköön viruttako | passive | olkoon viruttu | älköön olko viruttu | ||||||||||||||||
| potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | virunen | en virune | 1st sing. | lienen virunut | en liene virunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | virunet | et virune | 2nd sing. | lienet virunut | et liene virunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | virunee | ei virune | 3rd sing. | lienee virunut | ei liene virunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | virunemme | emme virune | 1st plur. | lienemme viruneet | emme liene viruneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | virunette | ette virune | 2nd plur. | lienette viruneet | ette liene viruneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | virunevat | eivät virune | 3rd plur. | lienevät viruneet | eivät liene viruneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | viruttaneen | ei viruttane | passive | lienee viruttu | ei liene viruttu | ||||||||||||||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
| infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1st | virua | present | viruva | viruttava | |||||||||||||||||
| long 1st1 |
|
past | virunut | viruttu | |||||||||||||||||
| 2nd | inessive2 | viruessa | viruttaessa | agent3 | viruma | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | virumaton | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | viruen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd | inessive | virumassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| elative | virumasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| illative | virumaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| adessive | virumalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| abessive | virumatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | viruman | viruttaman | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4th4 | verbal noun | viruminen | |||||||||||||||||||
| 5th1 |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Further reading
- “virua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-04
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