viner
English
Etymology
From Middle English vynour, from Old French vignor; equivalent to vine + -er.
Noun
viner (plural viners)
- (obsolete) A vinedresser.
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for “viner”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /vi.ne/
Audio (Paris) (file)
Verb
viner
- to add alcohol to a wine to conserve it, in order to transport it without it deteriorating; fortify
Conjugation
Conjugation of viner (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | viner | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | vinant /vi.nɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | viné /vi.ne/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | vine /vin/ |
vines /vin/ |
vine /vin/ |
vinons /vi.nɔ̃/ |
vinez /vi.ne/ |
vinent /vin/ |
| imperfect | vinais /vi.nɛ/ |
vinais /vi.nɛ/ |
vinait /vi.nɛ/ |
vinions /vi.njɔ̃/ |
viniez /vi.nje/ |
vinaient /vi.nɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | vinai /vi.ne/ |
vinas /vi.na/ |
vina /vi.na/ |
vinâmes /vi.nam/ |
vinâtes /vi.nat/ |
vinèrent /vi.nɛʁ/ | |
| future | vinerai /vin.ʁe/ |
vineras /vin.ʁa/ |
vinera /vin.ʁa/ |
vinerons /vin.ʁɔ̃/ |
vinerez /vin.ʁe/ |
vineront /vin.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | vinerais /vin.ʁɛ/ |
vinerais /vin.ʁɛ/ |
vinerait /vin.ʁɛ/ |
vinerions /vi.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
vineriez /vi.nə.ʁje/ |
vineraient /vin.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | vine /vin/ |
vines /vin/ |
vine /vin/ |
vinions /vi.njɔ̃/ |
viniez /vi.nje/ |
vinent /vin/ |
| imperfect2 | vinasse /vi.nas/ |
vinasses /vi.nas/ |
vinât /vi.na/ |
vinassions /vi.na.sjɔ̃/ |
vinassiez /vi.na.sje/ |
vinassent /vi.nas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | vine /vin/ |
— | vinons /vi.nɔ̃/ |
vinez /vi.ne/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “viner”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Middle English
Norwegian Bokmål
Swedish
Pronunciation 1
- IPA(key): /²viːnɛr/
Pronunciation 2
- IPA(key): /¹viːnɛr/
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