tressaillir
French
Etymology
Inherited from Old French tressaillir, from tres- (“across”) + saillir (“jump”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tʁe.sa.jiʁ/
Audio (file)
Conjugation
This verb is part of a small group of verbs in -ir that conjugate in the indicative imperfect and present, the subjunctive present, and the present participle, as if they ended in -er. They are sometimes written with an 'e' in the future and imperfect, like cueillir and other verbs in -llir.
Conjugation of tressaillir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | tressaillir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | tressaillant /tʁe.sa.jɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | tressailli /tʁe.sa.ji/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | tressaille /tʁe.saj/ |
tressailles /tʁe.saj/ |
tressaille /tʁe.saj/ |
tressaillons /tʁe.sa.jɔ̃/ |
tressaillez /tʁe.sa.je/ |
tressaillent /tʁe.saj/ |
| imperfect | tressaillais /tʁe.sa.jɛ/ |
tressaillais /tʁe.sa.jɛ/ |
tressaillait /tʁe.sa.jɛ/ |
tressaillions /tʁe.saj.jɔ̃/ |
tressailliez /tʁe.saj.je/ |
tressaillaient /tʁe.sa.jɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | tressaillis /tʁe.sa.ji/ |
tressaillis /tʁe.sa.ji/ |
tressaillit /tʁe.sa.ji/ |
tressaillîmes /tʁe.sa.jim/ |
tressaillîtes /tʁe.sa.jit/ |
tressaillirent /tʁe.sa.jiʁ/ | |
| future | tressaillirai or tressaillerai /tʁe.sa.ji.ʁe/ or /tʁe.saj.ʁe/ |
tressailliras or tressailleras /tʁe.sa.ji.ʁa/ or /tʁe.saj.ʁa/ |
tressaillira or tressaillera /tʁe.sa.ji.ʁa/ or /tʁe.saj.ʁa/ |
tressaillirons or tressaillerons /tʁe.sa.ji.ʁɔ̃/ or /tʁe.saj.ʁɔ̃/ |
tressaillirez or tressaillerez /tʁe.sa.ji.ʁe/ or /tʁe.saj.ʁe/ |
tressailliront or tressailleront /tʁe.sa.ji.ʁɔ̃/ or /tʁe.saj.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | tressaillirais or tressaillerais /tʁe.sa.ji.ʁɛ/ or /tʁe.saj.ʁɛ/ |
tressaillirais or tressaillerais /tʁe.sa.ji.ʁɛ/ or /tʁe.saj.ʁɛ/ |
tressaillirait or tressaillerait /tʁe.sa.ji.ʁɛ/ or /tʁe.saj.ʁɛ/ |
tressaillirions or tressaillerions /tʁe.sa.ji.ʁjɔ̃/ or /tʁe.sa.jə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
tressailliriez or tressailleriez /tʁe.sa.ji.ʁje/ or /tʁe.sa.jə.ʁje/ |
tressailliraient or tressailleraient /tʁe.sa.ji.ʁɛ/ or /tʁe.saj.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | tressaille /tʁe.saj/ |
tressailles /tʁe.saj/ |
tressaille /tʁe.saj/ |
tressaillions /tʁe.saj.jɔ̃/ |
tressailliez /tʁe.saj.je/ |
tressaillent /tʁe.saj/ |
| imperfect2 | tressaillisse /tʁe.sa.jis/ |
tressaillisses /tʁe.sa.jis/ |
tressaillît /tʁe.sa.ji/ |
tressaillissions /tʁe.sa.ji.sjɔ̃/ |
tressaillissiez /tʁe.sa.ji.sje/ |
tressaillissent /tʁe.sa.jis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | tressaille /tʁe.saj/ |
— | tressaillons /tʁe.sa.jɔ̃/ |
tressaillez /tʁe.sa.je/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “tressaillir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Old French
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | tressaillir | avoir tressali, tressailli | |||||
| gerund | en tressalant, tressaillant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | tressalant, tressaillant | ||||||
| past participle | tressali, tressailli | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | tressail | tressaus | tressaut | tressalons, tressaillons | tressalez, tressailliez | tressalent, tressaillent |
| imperfect | tressaloie, tressaleie, tressailloie, tressailleie | tressaloies, tressaleies, tressailloies, tressailleies | tressaloit, tressaleit, tressailloit, tressailleit | tressaliiens, tressaliens, tressailliiens, tressailliens | tressaliiez, tressaliez, tressailliiez, tressailliez | tressaloient, tressaleient, tressailloient, tressailleient | |
| preterite | tressali, tressailli | tressalis, tressaillis | tressali, tressailli | tressalimes, tressaillimes | tressalistes, tressaillistes | tressalirent, tressaillirent | |
| future | tressaudrai | tressaudras | tressaudra | tressaudrons | tressaudroiz, tressaudreiz, tressaudrez | tressaudront | |
| conditional | tressaudroie, tressaudreie | tressaudroies, tressaudreies | tressaudroit, tressaudreit | tressaudriiens, tressaudriens | tressaudriiez, tressaudriez | tressaudroient, tressaudreient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | tressaille | tressailles | tressaille | tressailliens, tressaillons | tressailliez | tressaillent |
| imperfect | tressaillise | tressaillises | tressaillit | tressaillisons, tressaillisiens | tressaillisoiz, tressaillisez, tressaillisiez | tressaillisent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | tressail | — | tressalons, tressaillons | tressalez, tressailliez | — | ||
Descendants
- Middle French: tressaillir
- French: tressaillir
References
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (tressaillir, supplement)
- Etymology and history of “tressaillir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
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