toom
English
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -uːm
Etymology 1
From Middle English toom, tom, from Old English tōm (“empty”), from Proto-Germanic *tōmaz (“free, available, empty”), from Proto-Indo-European *doma- (“to tame”), *dema- (“to build”). Cognate with Danish and Swedish tom (“empty, vacant”), Icelandic tómur (“empty”).
Adjective
toom (comparative more toom, superlative most toom)
- (rare or dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) Empty; bare.
- 1778, Alexander Ross, Fortunate Shepherdess, page 62:
- Gin she was toom afore, she's toomer now,
Her heart was like to loup out at her mou'.
- 1825, The Tyneside Songster:
- Then hie to the Custom House, add to your pleasures, Now you're well cover'd, so toom the new measures: It ne'er will be finish'd, I'll wager a groat, Till they've cut a canal te admit five-men boats!
- 1895, James Matthew Barrie, The Little Minister, page 135:
- Every time Gavin's cup went to his lips Nanny calculated (correctly) how much he had drunk, and yet, when the right moment arrived, she asked in the English voice that is fashionable at ceremonies, "if his cup was toom."
- 1896, Scribner's Magazine, volume 20:
- "You saw it was toom. The lamp had gone out itself, or else — what's that?"
- 1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:
- It seemed to him that his soul had gone from him, and he was as toom as a hazel shell.
- 1951, Ivor John Carnegie Brown, I break my word, page 120:
- Bare is much better. 'When she got there, the cupboard was bare' does call up the distress of those with naked larders. 'The cupboard was empty' would not be poignant at all. But 'the cupboard was toom' would utter the voice of real despair.
- 1974, Ranald Nicholson, Scotland: the later Middle Ages, page 50:
- His tabard was 'toom' — bare or empty — and Balliol, the unmade king, became 'Toom Tabard'.
Derived terms
- toom-handed
- toomly
Verb
toom (third-person singular simple present tooms, present participle tooming, simple past and past participle toomed)
Etymology 2
From Middle English toom, tome, tom, from Old Norse tóm (“vacant time, leisure”), from Proto-Germanic *tōmą (“vacant time, leisure”). Related to Old Norse tómr (“vacant, empty”).
Noun
toom (usually uncountable, plural tooms)
References
- “toom” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch toom, from Old Dutch *tōm, from Proto-West Germanic *taum, from Proto-Germanic *taumaz.
Doublet with Dutch team, from English.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /toːm/
audio (file) - Hyphenation: toom
- Rhymes: -oːm
- Homophone: Toom
Noun
Descendants
- Negerhollands: toom
Anagrams
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *toomi, from Proto-Uralic *ďëme.
Inflection
Declension of toom (ÕS type 22i/külm, length gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | toom | toomed | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | toome | ||
genitive | toomede | ||
partitive | toome | toomi toomesid | |
illative | toome toomesse |
toomedesse toomisse | |
inessive | toomes | toomedes toomis | |
elative | toomest | toomedest toomist | |
allative | toomele | toomedele toomile | |
adessive | toomel | toomedel toomil | |
ablative | toomelt | toomedelt toomilt | |
translative | toomeks | toomedeks toomiks | |
terminative | toomeni | toomedeni | |
essive | toomena | toomedena | |
abessive | toometa | toomedeta | |
comitative | toomega | toomedega |