thula
See also: þula
English
Noun
Swazi
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Xhosa
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /tʰúːla/
Inflection
Tone H | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukuthula | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukuthula | ukungathuli | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | thula | -thule | |||||||
Plural | thulani | -thuleni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyathula, ngithula | engithulayo, engithula | ngithula | angithuli | engingathuli | ngingathuli | |||
2nd singular | uyathula, uthula | othulayo, othula | uthula | awuthuli | ongathuli | ungathuli | |||
1st plural | siyathula, sithula | esithulayo, esithula | sithula | asithuli | esingathuli | singathuli | |||
2nd plural | niyathula, nithula | enithulayo, enithula | nithula | anithuli | eningathuli | ningathuli | |||
Class 1 | uyathula, uthula | othulayo, othula | ethula | akathuli | ongathuli | engathuli | |||
Class 2 | bayathula, bathula | abathulayo, abathula | bethula | abathuli | abangathuli | bengathuli | |||
Class 3 | uyathula, uthula | othulayo, othula | uthula | awuthuli | ongathuli | ungathuli | |||
Class 4 | iyathula, ithula | ethulayo, ethula | ithula | ayithuli | engathuli | ingathuli | |||
Class 5 | liyathula, lithula | elithulayo, elithula | lithula | alithuli | elingathuli | lingathuli | |||
Class 6 | ayathula, athula | athulayo, athula | ethula | awathuli | angathuli | engathuli | |||
Class 7 | siyathula, sithula | esithulayo, esithula | sithula | asithuli | esingathuli | singathuli | |||
Class 8 | ziyathula, zithula | ezithulayo, ezithula | zithula | azithuli | ezingathuli | zingathuli | |||
Class 9 | iyathula, ithula | ethulayo, ethula | ithula | ayithuli | engathuli | ingathuli | |||
Class 10 | ziyathula, zithula | ezithulayo, ezithula | zithula | azithuli | ezingathuli | zingathuli | |||
Class 11 | luyathula, luthula | oluthulayo, oluthula | luthula | aluthuli | olungathuli | lungathuli | |||
Class 14 | buyathula, buthula | obuthulayo, obuthula | buthula | abuthuli | obungathuli | bungathuli | |||
Class 15 | kuyathula, kuthula | okuthulayo, okuthula | kuthula | akuthuli | okungathuli | kungathuli | |||
Class 17 | kuyathula, kuthula | okuthulayo, okuthula | kuthula | akuthuli | okungathuli | kungathuli | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngithulile, ngithulē | engithulile, engithulē | ngithulile, ngithulē | angithulanga | engingathulanga | ngingathulanga | |||
2nd singular | uthulile, uthulē | othulile, othulē | uthulile, uthulē | awuthulanga | ongathulanga | ungathulanga | |||
1st plural | sithulile, sithulē | esithulile, esithulē | sithulile, sithulē | asithulanga | esingathulanga | singathulanga | |||
2nd plural | nithulile, nithulē | enithulile, enithulē | nithulile, nithulē | anithulanga | eningathulanga | ningathulanga | |||
Class 1 | uthulile, uthulē | othulile, othulē | ethulile, ethulē | akathulanga | ongathulanga | engathulanga | |||
Class 2 | bathulile, bathulē | abathulile, abathulē | bethulile, bethulē | abathulanga | abangathulanga | bengathulanga | |||
Class 3 | uthulile, uthulē | othulile, othulē | uthulile, uthulē | awuthulanga | ongathulanga | ungathulanga | |||
Class 4 | ithulile, ithulē | ethulile, ethulē | ithulile, ithulē | ayithulanga | engathulanga | ingathulanga | |||
Class 5 | lithulile, lithulē | elithulile, elithulē | lithulile, lithulē | alithulanga | elingathulanga | lingathulanga | |||
Class 6 | athulile, athulē | athulile, athulē | ethulile, ethulē | awathulanga | angathulanga | engathulanga | |||
Class 7 | sithulile, sithulē | esithulile, esithulē | sithulile, sithulē | asithulanga | esingathulanga | singathulanga | |||
Class 8 | zithulile, zithulē | ezithulile, ezithulē | zithulile, zithulē | azithulanga | ezingathulanga | zingathulanga | |||
Class 9 | ithulile, ithulē | ethulile, ethulē | ithulile, ithulē | ayithulanga | engathulanga | ingathulanga | |||
Class 10 | zithulile, zithulē | ezithulile, ezithulē | zithulile, zithulē | azithulanga | ezingathulanga | zingathulanga | |||
Class 11 | luthulile, luthulē | oluthulile, oluthulē | luthulile, luthulē | aluthulanga | olungathulanga | lungathulanga | |||
Class 14 | buthulile, buthulē | obuthulile, obuthulē | buthulile, buthulē | abuthulanga | obungathulanga | bungathulanga | |||
Class 15 | kuthulile, kuthulē | okuthulile, okuthulē | kuthulile, kuthulē | akuthulanga | okungathulanga | kungathulanga | |||
Class 17 | kuthulile, kuthulē | okuthulile, okuthulē | kuthulile, kuthulē | akuthulanga | okungathulanga | kungathulanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāthula | engāthula | ngāthula | angithulanga | engingathulanga | ngingathulanga | |||
2nd singular | wāthula | owāthula | wāthula | awuthulanga | ongathulanga | ungathulanga | |||
1st plural | sāthula | esāthula | sāthula | asithulanga | esingathulanga | singathulanga | |||
2nd plural | nāthula | enāthula | nāthula | anithulanga | eningathulanga | ningathulanga | |||
Class 1 | wāthula | owāthula | āthula | akathulanga | ongathulanga | engathulanga | |||
Class 2 | bāthula | abāthula | bāthula | abathulanga | abangathulanga | bengathulanga | |||
Class 3 | wāthula | owāthula | wāthula | awuthulanga | ongathulanga | ungathulanga | |||
Class 4 | yāthula | eyāthula | yāthula | ayithulanga | engathulanga | ingathulanga | |||
Class 5 | lāthula | elāthula | lāthula | alithulanga | elingathulanga | lingathulanga | |||
Class 6 | āthula | āthula | āthula | awathulanga | angathulanga | engathulanga | |||
Class 7 | sāthula | esāthula | sāthula | asithulanga | esingathulanga | singathulanga | |||
Class 8 | zāthula | ezāthula | zāthula | azithulanga | ezingathulanga | zingathulanga | |||
Class 9 | yāthula | eyāthula | yāthula | ayithulanga | engathulanga | ingathulanga | |||
Class 10 | zāthula | ezāthula | zāthula | azithulanga | ezingathulanga | zingathulanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāthula | olwāthula | lwāthula | aluthulanga | olungathulanga | lungathulanga | |||
Class 14 | bāthula | obāthula | bāthula | abuthulanga | obungathulanga | bungathulanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāthula | okwāthula | kwāthula | akuthulanga | okungathulanga | kungathulanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāthula | okwāthula | kwāthula | akuthulanga | okungathulanga | kungathulanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingathula | — | ngingathula | ngingethule | — | ngingethule | |||
2nd singular | ungathula | — | ungathula | ungethule | — | ungethule | |||
1st plural | singathula | — | singathula | singethule | — | singethule | |||
2nd plural | ningathula | — | ningathula | ningethule | — | ningethule | |||
Class 1 | angathula | — | engathula | angethule | — | engethule | |||
Class 2 | bangathula | — | bengathula | bangethule | — | bengethule | |||
Class 3 | ungathula | — | ungathula | ungethule | — | ungethule | |||
Class 4 | ingathula | — | ingathula | ingethule | — | ingethule | |||
Class 5 | lingathula | — | lingathula | lingethule | — | lingethule | |||
Class 6 | angathula | — | engathula | angethule | — | engethule | |||
Class 7 | singathula | — | singathula | singethule | — | singethule | |||
Class 8 | zingathula | — | zingathula | zingethule | — | zingethule | |||
Class 9 | ingathula | — | ingathula | ingethule | — | ingethule | |||
Class 10 | zingathula | — | zingathula | zingethule | — | zingethule | |||
Class 11 | lungathula | — | lungathula | lungethule | — | lungethule | |||
Class 14 | bungathula | — | bungathula | bungethule | — | bungethule | |||
Class 15 | kungathula | — | kungathula | kungethule | — | kungethule | |||
Class 17 | kungathula | — | kungathula | kungethule | — | kungethule | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizothula | engizothula | ngizothula | angizuthula | engingezuthula | ngingezuthula | |||
2nd singular | uzothula | ozothula | uzothula | awuzuthula | ongezuthula | ungezuthula | |||
1st plural | sizothula | esizothula | sizothula | asizuthula | esingezuthula | singezuthula | |||
2nd plural | nizothula | enizothula | nizothula | anizuthula | eningezuthula | ningezuthula | |||
Class 1 | uzothula | ozothula | ezothula | akazuthula | ongezuthula | engezuthula | |||
Class 2 | bazothula | abazothula | bezothula | abazuthula | abangezuthula | bengezuthula | |||
Class 3 | uzothula | ozothula | uzothula | awuzuthula | ongezuthula | ungezuthula | |||
Class 4 | izothula | ezothula | izothula | ayizuthula | engezuthula | ingezuthula | |||
Class 5 | lizothula | elizothula | lizothula | alizuthula | elingezuthula | lingezuthula | |||
Class 6 | azothula | azothula | ezothula | awazuthula | angezuthula | engezuthula | |||
Class 7 | sizothula | esizothula | sizothula | asizuthula | esingezuthula | singezuthula | |||
Class 8 | zizothula | ezizothula | zizothula | azizuthula | ezingezuthula | zingezuthula | |||
Class 9 | izothula | ezothula | izothula | ayizuthula | engezuthula | ingezuthula | |||
Class 10 | zizothula | ezizothula | zizothula | azizuthula | ezingezuthula | zingezuthula | |||
Class 11 | luzothula | oluzothula | luzothula | aluzuthula | olungezuthula | lungezuthula | |||
Class 14 | buzothula | obuzothula | buzothula | abuzuthula | obungezuthula | bungezuthula | |||
Class 15 | kuzothula | okuzothula | kuzothula | akuzuthula | okungezuthula | kungezuthula | |||
Class 17 | kuzothula | okuzothula | kuzothula | akuzuthula | okungezuthula | kungezuthula | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyothula | engiyothula | ngiyothula | angiyuthula | engingeyuthula | ngingeyuthula | |||
2nd singular | uyothula | oyothula | uyothula | awuyuthula | ongeyuthula | ungeyuthula | |||
1st plural | siyothula | esiyothula | siyothula | asiyuthula | esingeyuthula | singeyuthula | |||
2nd plural | niyothula | eniyothula | niyothula | aniyuthula | eningeyuthula | ningeyuthula | |||
Class 1 | uyothula | oyothula | eyothula | akayuthula | ongeyuthula | engeyuthula | |||
Class 2 | bayothula | abayothula | beyothula | abayuthula | abangeyuthula | bengeyuthula | |||
Class 3 | uyothula | oyothula | uyothula | awuyuthula | ongeyuthula | ungeyuthula | |||
Class 4 | iyothula | eyothula | iyothula | ayiyuthula | engeyuthula | ingeyuthula | |||
Class 5 | liyothula | eliyothula | liyothula | aliyuthula | elingeyuthula | lingeyuthula | |||
Class 6 | ayothula | ayothula | eyothula | awayuthula | angeyuthula | engeyuthula | |||
Class 7 | siyothula | esiyothula | siyothula | asiyuthula | esingeyuthula | singeyuthula | |||
Class 8 | ziyothula | eziyothula | ziyothula | aziyuthula | ezingeyuthula | zingeyuthula | |||
Class 9 | iyothula | eyothula | iyothula | ayiyuthula | engeyuthula | ingeyuthula | |||
Class 10 | ziyothula | eziyothula | ziyothula | aziyuthula | ezingeyuthula | zingeyuthula | |||
Class 11 | luyothula | oluyothula | luyothula | aluyuthula | olungeyuthula | lungeyuthula | |||
Class 14 | buyothula | obuyothula | buyothula | abuyuthula | obungeyuthula | bungeyuthula | |||
Class 15 | kuyothula | okuyothula | kuyothula | akuyuthula | okungeyuthula | kungeyuthula | |||
Class 17 | kuyothula | okuyothula | kuyothula | akuyuthula | okungeyuthula | kungeyuthula | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngithule | ngingathuli | |||||||
2nd singular | uthule | ungathuli | |||||||
1st plural | sithule | singathuli | |||||||
2nd plural | nithule | ningathuli | |||||||
Class 1 | athule | angathuli | |||||||
Class 2 | bathule | bangathuli | |||||||
Class 3 | uthule | ungathuli | |||||||
Class 4 | ithule | ingathuli | |||||||
Class 5 | lithule | lingathuli | |||||||
Class 6 | athule | angathuli | |||||||
Class 7 | sithule | singathuli | |||||||
Class 8 | zithule | zingathuli | |||||||
Class 9 | ithule | ingathuli | |||||||
Class 10 | zithule | zingathuli | |||||||
Class 11 | luthule | lungathuli | |||||||
Class 14 | buthule | bungathuli | |||||||
Class 15 | kuthule | kungathuli | |||||||
Class 17 | kuthule | kungathuli | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngathula | ngangathula, angathula, angangathula | |||||||
2nd singular | wathula | wangathula, awathula, awangathula | |||||||
1st plural | sathula | sangathula, asathula, asangathula | |||||||
2nd plural | nathula | nangathula, anathula, anangathula | |||||||
Class 1 | wathula | wangathula, akathula, akangathula | |||||||
Class 2 | bathula | bangathula, abathula, abangathula | |||||||
Class 3 | wathula | wangathula, awathula, awangathula | |||||||
Class 4 | yathula | yangathula, ayathula, ayangathula | |||||||
Class 5 | lathula | langathula, alathula, alangathula | |||||||
Class 6 | athula | angathula, awathula, awangathula | |||||||
Class 7 | sathula | sangathula, asathula, asangathula | |||||||
Class 8 | zathula | zangathula, azathula, azangathula | |||||||
Class 9 | yathula | yangathula, ayathula, ayangathula | |||||||
Class 10 | zathula | zangathula, azathula, azangathula | |||||||
Class 11 | lwathula | lwangathula, alwathula, alwangathula | |||||||
Class 14 | bathula | bangathula, abathula, abangathula | |||||||
Class 15 | kwathula | kwangathula, akwathula, akwangathula | |||||||
Class 17 | kwathula | kwangathula, akwathula, akwangathula |
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “thula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “thula (3.9)”
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