tỉnh
Vietnamese
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [tïŋ˧˩]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [tɨn˧˨]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [tɨn˨˩˦]
Etymology 1
Sino-Vietnamese word from 省, from Literary Chinese 省 (“government department; province”). The same classical Chinese word still keeps its original meaning in North Korean 성 (seong) and Japanese 省 (“ministry”). China and South Korea now use 部 (bộ, “ministry”). Japanese prefectures are natively called 県 (ken), which is a cognate to huyện (“suburban district”).
Noun
tỉnh
- one of the highest administrative divisions in Vietnam, translates to English province, opposed to a thành phố trực thuộc trung ương; itself is divided into its tỉnh lị/thành phố trực thuộc tỉnh (“provincial capital”) and huyện (“provincial district”)
- tỉnh lẻ ― provinces, as places that are not as developed as thành phố trực thuộc trung ương and therefore more humbling
- dân tỉnh lẻ ― "small town" folks
- tỉnh Vĩnh Phúc ― Vĩnh Phúc Province
- lệnh của tỉnh đưa về xã ― a decree handed down to the commune from the province
- an administrative division that translates to English province in other countries
- tỉnh Hồ Bắc ― Hubei Province
- an administrative division that translates to English prefecture, for example in French or Japanese territories
- tỉnh Gifu ― Gifu Prefecture
- (metonymically) provincial capital
- lên tỉnh mua hàng ― going into town to buy goods
Usage notes
Tỉnh is the usual term for "province", especially for provinces within a unitary state. Tỉnh bang is used to refer to the confederated provinces of Canada.
Etymology 2
Sino-Vietnamese word from 醒 (“to awake”).
Verb
tỉnh
- (intransitive) to be alert, to be conscious
- Sốt nhiều nhưng vẫn tỉnh.
- Running a high fever but still alert.
- tỉnh lại ― to regain consciousness, to regain mental clarity, to come to one's senses
- (intransitive) to awaken
- 1820, Nguyễn Du, Truyện Kiều [The Tale of Kiều]:
- Tỉnh ra mới biết là mình chiêm bao
- It was when I woke up did I know I had been dreaming
- (intransitive) to sober up
- to remain unconcerned or unfazed
- tỉnh như sáo ― to be completely unfazed
References
- "tỉnh" in Hồ Ngọc Đức, Free Vietnamese Dictionary Project (details)
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