snq

Egyptian

Etymology

Prefixed with s-. The root is sometimes hypothesized to be from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *nuuk. Compare Akkadian 𒂊𒉈𒆪 (enēqu, “to suck”) and Hebrew יָנַק (“to suck”).

Pronunciation

(reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈsaːnaqʼ/ → /ˈsaːnaqʼ/ → /ˈsaːnəqʼ/ → /ˈsoːnəqʼ/

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛnɛk/
- Conventional anglicization: seneq

Verb

caus. 2-lit.

(transitive) to suckle [since the Pyramid Texts]

Inflection

Conjugation of snq (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: snq

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
snqt, snq	snqw, snq	snqt	snq	snq

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
snq	ḥr snq	m snq	r snq

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	snq.n	snqw, snq	consecutive	snq.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	snq.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	snqt
perfective³	snq	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	snq.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	snq	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	snq.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	snqw, snq, snqy	snqw, snq, snqy	potentialis¹	snq.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	snqw, snq, snqy	active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	snq	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	snq.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	snq	active + .tj¹, .tw²	snq	snq, snqw⁵, snqy⁵
imperfective	snq, snqy, snqw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	snq, snqj⁶, snqy⁶	snq, snqw⁵
prospective	snq, snqtj⁷	—	snqwtj^{1 4}, snqtj⁴, snqt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Descendants

Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲱⲛⲕ (sōnk)

References

James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 290.
Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 174

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