sluindid
Old Irish
Etymology
Disputed. There are two main theories.[1]
- The majority opinion derives the verb from Proto-Celtic *sɸlondīti, itself said to be from Proto-Indo-European *spln̥d-eh₁- (“to be manifest”). The verb is often connected with Latin splendeō (“to shine”).
- Another theory listed derives the verb from Proto-Celtic *stlondīti, connecting it with Middle Welsh cystlwn (“kindred”), Old Welsh istlinnit (“speaks out”), and Middle Breton stlen (“declared”) instead. This etymology has no known cognates outside of Celtic.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsl͈un͈ʲdʲəðʲ/, [ˈsl͈un͈ʲdʲiðʲ]
Verb
Inflection
Simple, class W2b present, s preterite, f future, a subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Abs. | sluindid | |||||||
| Conj. | ·sluindi | ||||||||
| Rel. | sluindes; sloindes | sluindite, sluinditae; sluinde, sluindte | sloinnter | ||||||
| Imperfect indicative | |||||||||
| Preterite | Abs. | sluindsius (with suffixed pronoun -us) | |||||||
| Conj. | |||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Future | Abs. | sluindfemmi | |||||||
| Conj. | ·sluinfem | ||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Conditional | |||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | ·sloindet | ||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Past subjunctive | |||||||||
| Imperative | sluind | ||||||||
| Verbal noun | slond, slondad | ||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Derived terms
Descendants
- Irish: sloinn
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| sluindid | ṡluindid | unchanged |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*stlondo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 356
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “sluindid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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