sirat

Hungarian

Etymology

sír (“to weep, cry”) +‎ -at (causative suffix)

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈʃirɒt]
  • Hyphenation: si‧rat
  • Rhymes: -ɒt

Verb

sirat

  1. (transitive) to bewail, lament, mourn, grieve

Usage notes

Even though this verb has a causative suffix on the verb sír (“to weep, cry”), it doesn’t mean “to make someone cry”; instead, (meg)ríkat can be used in this sense.

Conjugation
conjugation of sirat
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal		 3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal		 1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal		 3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal


Indica­tive
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. siratok siratsz sirat siratunk sirattok siratnak
Def. siratom siratod siratja siratjuk siratjátok siratják
2nd-p. o. siratlak ―
Past Indef. sirattam sirattál siratott sirattunk sirattatok sirattak
Def. sirattam sirattad siratta sirattuk sirattátok siratták
2nd-p. o. sirattalak ―
Future Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. siratni fog.
Archaic
Preterit		 Indef. siraték siratál sirata siratánk siratátok siratának
Def. siratám siratád siratá siratánk siratátok siraták
2nd-p. o. siratálak ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. sirat vala, siratott vala/volt.
Archaic
Future		 Indef. siratandok siratandasz siratand siratandunk siratandotok siratandanak
Def. siratandom siratandod siratandja siratandjuk siratandjátok siratandják
2nd-p. o. siratandalak ―
Condi­tional
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. siratnék siratnál siratna siratnánk siratnátok siratnának
Def. siratnám siratnád siratná siratnánk
(or siratnók)		 siratnátok siratnák
2nd-p. o. siratnálak ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. siratott volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. sirassak sirass or
sirassál		 sirasson sirassunk sirassatok sirassanak
Def. sirassam sirasd or
sirassad		 sirassa sirassuk sirassátok sirassák
2nd-p. o. sirassalak ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. siratott légyen
Infinitive siratni siratnom siratnod siratnia siratnunk siratnotok siratniuk
Other
forms		 Verbal noun Present part. Past part. Future part. Adverbial participle Causative
siratás sirató siratott siratandó siratva (siratván) sirattat
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular
(and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).
potential conjugation of sirat
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal		 3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal		 1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal		 3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. sirathatok sirathatsz sirathat sirathatunk sirathattok sirathatnak
Def. sirathatom sirathatod sirathatja sirathatjuk sirathatjátok sirathatják
2nd-p. o. sirathatlak ―
Past Indef. sirathattam sirathattál sirathatott sirathattunk sirathattatok sirathattak
Def. sirathattam sirathattad sirathatta sirathattuk sirathattátok sirathatták
2nd-p. o. sirathattalak ―
Archaic
Preterit		 Indef. sirathaték sirathatál sirathata sirathatánk sirathatátok sirathatának
Def. sirathatám sirathatád sirathatá sirathatánk sirathatátok sirathaták
2nd-p. o. sirathatálak ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. sirathat vala, sirathatott vala/volt.
Archaic
Future		 Indef. sirathatandok
or siratandhatok 		sirathatandasz
or siratandhatsz		 sirathatand
or siratandhat		 sirathatandunk
or siratandhatunk		 sirathatandotok
or siratandhattok		 sirathatandanak
or siratandhatnak
Def. sirathatandom
or siratandhatom		 sirathatandod
or siratandhatod		 sirathatandja
or siratandhatja		 sirathatandjuk
or siratandhatjuk 		sirathatandjátok
or siratandhatjátok		 sirathatandják
or siratandhatják
2nd-p. o. sirathatandalak
or siratandhatlak		 ―
Condi­tional
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. sirathatnék sirathatnál sirathatna sirathatnánk sirathatnátok sirathatnának
Def. sirathatnám sirathatnád sirathatná sirathatnánk
(or sirathatnók)		 sirathatnátok sirathatnák
2nd-p. o. sirathatnálak ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. sirathatott volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. sirathassak sirathass or
sirathassál		 sirathasson sirathassunk sirathassatok sirathassanak
Def. sirathassam sirathasd or
sirathassad		 sirathassa sirathassuk sirathassátok sirathassák
2nd-p. o. sirathassalak ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. sirathatott légyen
Inf. (sirathatni) (sirathatnom) (sirathatnod) (sirathatnia) (sirathatnunk) (sirathatnotok) (sirathatniuk)
Positive adjective siratható Neg. adj. sirathatatlan Adv. part. (sirathatva / sirathatván)

Derived terms

(With verbal prefixes):

  • elsirat
  • megsirat

Further reading
  • sirat in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Swedish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from German Zierrat. Cognate of Dutch sieraad.

Noun

sirat c

  1. ornament, decoration
Declension
Declension of sirat 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative sirat siraten sirater siraterna
Genitive sirats siratens siraters siraternas
Derived terms
  • siratlig

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

sirat

  1. supine of sira

Adjective

sirat

  1. indefinite neuter singular of sirad

References
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