semer
French
Etymology
Inherited from Old French semer, from Latin sēmināre.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sə.me/
audio (file)
Verb
semer
- to sow (scatter seed, etc.)
- to shake off, to lose (a pursuer)
- 2014, Édouard Louis, En finir avec Eddy Bellegueule [The End of Eddy], Le Seuil:
- […] il se relève tout de suite et avec ses collègues ils poursuivent Sylvain, la même chose que les courses-poursuites qu’on voit à la télé. Mais mon biloute, il se laisse pas faire, il arrive à semer la police. Ils le perdent.
- […] he gets up straight away and he and his colleagues chase Sylvain, like one of those chases you see on TV. But my mate, he doesn't give in, and he manages to shake off the police. They lose him.
- (figuratively) to spread, to sow
- semer la zizanie ― to sow dissent, to sow discord
- semer la pagaille ― to spread disorder, to wreak havoc
- semer la peur ― to fearmonger
- semer la terreur ― to spread terror
- semer la désolation ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- semer la mort ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated like parler, except the -e- /ə/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /ɛ/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-, as in the third-person singular present indicative il sème and the third-person singular future indicative il sèmera.
infinitive | simple | semer | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | semant /sə.mɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | semé /sə.me/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | sème /sɛm/ |
sèmes /sɛm/ |
sème /sɛm/ |
semons /sə.mɔ̃/ |
semez /sə.me/ |
sèment /sɛm/ |
imperfect | semais /sə.mɛ/ |
semais /sə.mɛ/ |
semait /sə.mɛ/ |
semions /sə.mjɔ̃/ |
semiez /sə.mje/ |
semaient /sə.mɛ/ | |
past historic2 | semai /sə.me/ |
semas /sə.ma/ |
sema /sə.ma/ |
semâmes /sə.mam/ |
semâtes /sə.mat/ |
semèrent /sə.mɛʁ/ | |
future | sèmerai /sɛm.ʁe/ |
sèmeras /sɛm.ʁa/ |
sèmera /sɛm.ʁa/ |
sèmerons /sɛm.ʁɔ̃/ |
sèmerez /sɛm.ʁe/ |
sèmeront /sɛm.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | sèmerais /sɛm.ʁɛ/ |
sèmerais /sɛm.ʁɛ/ |
sèmerait /sɛm.ʁɛ/ |
sèmerions /sɛ.mə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /se.mə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
sèmeriez /sɛ.mə.ʁje/ or /se.mə.ʁje/ |
sèmeraient /sɛm.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | sème /sɛm/ |
sèmes /sɛm/ |
sème /sɛm/ |
semions /sə.mjɔ̃/ |
semiez /sə.mje/ |
sèment /sɛm/ |
imperfect2 | semasse /sə.mas/ |
semasses /sə.mas/ |
semât /sə.ma/ |
semassions /sə.ma.sjɔ̃/ |
semassiez /sə.ma.sje/ |
semassent /sə.mas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | sème /sɛm/ |
— | semons /sə.mɔ̃/ |
semez /sə.me/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
Derived terms
- semaison
- semeur
Further reading
- “semer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
Old French
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ms, *-mt are modified to ns, nt. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | semer | avoir semé | |||||
gerund | en semant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | semant | ||||||
past participle | semé | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | sem | semes | seme | semons | semez | sement |
imperfect | semoie, semeie, semoe, semeve | semoies, semeies, semoes, semeves | semoit, semeit, semot, semeve | semiiens, semiens | semiiez, semiez | semoient, semeient, semoent, semevent | |
preterite | semai | semas | sema | semames | semastes | semerent | |
future | semerai | semeras | semera | semerons | semeroiz, semereiz, semerez | semeront | |
conditional | semeroie, semereie | semeroies, semereies | semeroit, semereit | semeriiens, semeriens | semeriiez, semeriez | semeroient, semereient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | sem | sens | sent | semons | semez | sement |
imperfect | semasse | semasses | semast | semissons, semissiens | semissoiz, semissez, semissiez | semassent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | seme | — | semons | semez | — |
Related terms
Turkish
Etymology
Inherited from Ottoman Turkish سمر (semer, “packsaddle”), from Greek σαμάρι (samári, “packsaddle”), diminutive of Ancient Greek σάγμα (ságma, “packsaddle”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [sɛmeɾ]
- Hyphenation: se‧mer
Noun
semer (definite accusative semeri, plural semerler)
Declension
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Nominative | semer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | semeri | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | semer | semerler | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | semeri | semerleri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | semere | semerlere | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | semerde | semerlerde | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | semerden | semerlerden | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | semerin | semerlerin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
- semerci
- eşeğe altın semer vursalar yine eşektir