rincer
French
Etymology
Inherited from Middle French rincer (“to rinse”), from Old French rincer, raïncier (“to rinse, cleanse”). Of contested origin. Either from Old Norse hreinsa (“to rinse, clean out”), from Proto-Germanic *hrainisōną (“to clean, purify”), or from a dissimilation of Old French recincer, from Latin recentāre (“to make fresh”), from recens. Cognate with English rinse, which see.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʁɛ̃.se/
audio (file)
Verb
rincer
Conjugation
This verb is part of a group of -er verbs for which 'c' is softened to a 'ç' before the vowels 'a' and 'o'.
Conjugation of rincer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | rincer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | rinçant /ʁɛ̃.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | rincé /ʁɛ̃.se/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | rince /ʁɛ̃s/ |
rinces /ʁɛ̃s/ |
rince /ʁɛ̃s/ |
rinçons /ʁɛ̃.sɔ̃/ |
rincez /ʁɛ̃.se/ |
rincent /ʁɛ̃s/ |
| imperfect | rinçais /ʁɛ̃.sɛ/ |
rinçais /ʁɛ̃.sɛ/ |
rinçait /ʁɛ̃.sɛ/ |
rincions /ʁɛ̃.sjɔ̃/ |
rinciez /ʁɛ̃.sje/ |
rinçaient /ʁɛ̃.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | rinçai /ʁɛ̃.se/ |
rinças /ʁɛ̃.sa/ |
rinça /ʁɛ̃.sa/ |
rinçâmes /ʁɛ̃.sam/ |
rinçâtes /ʁɛ̃.sat/ |
rincèrent /ʁɛ̃.sɛʁ/ | |
| future | rincerai /ʁɛ̃.sʁe/ |
rinceras /ʁɛ̃.sʁa/ |
rincera /ʁɛ̃.sʁa/ |
rincerons /ʁɛ̃.sʁɔ̃/ |
rincerez /ʁɛ̃.sʁe/ |
rinceront /ʁɛ̃.sʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | rincerais /ʁɛ̃.sʁɛ/ |
rincerais /ʁɛ̃.sʁɛ/ |
rincerait /ʁɛ̃.sʁɛ/ |
rincerions /ʁɛ̃.sə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
rinceriez /ʁɛ̃.sə.ʁje/ |
rinceraient /ʁɛ̃.sʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | rince /ʁɛ̃s/ |
rinces /ʁɛ̃s/ |
rince /ʁɛ̃s/ |
rincions /ʁɛ̃.sjɔ̃/ |
rinciez /ʁɛ̃.sje/ |
rincent /ʁɛ̃s/ |
| imperfect2 | rinçasse /ʁɛ̃.sas/ |
rinçasses /ʁɛ̃.sas/ |
rinçât /ʁɛ̃.sa/ |
rinçassions /ʁɛ̃.sa.sjɔ̃/ |
rinçassiez /ʁɛ̃.sa.sje/ |
rinçassent /ʁɛ̃.sas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | rince /ʁɛ̃s/ |
— | rinçons /ʁɛ̃.sɔ̃/ |
rincez /ʁɛ̃.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Further reading
- “rincer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Middle French
Alternative forms
- rinser, rincier
Etymology
Old French, see above.
Verb
rincer
- to rinse (wash briefly with water)
- 1581, Nicolas Froumenteau, Cabinet du Roy de France, dans lequel il y a trois perles préciouses d'inestimable valeur, page 112:
- & que le calice qu'on leur donnoit à boire, n'est que pour leur rincer la bouche
- The chalice they were given to drink was only for them to rinse their mouths
Conjugation
- As parler except c becomes ç before a and o. May remain c in older manuscripts.
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of rincer
| infinitive | simple | rincer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | rinçant | |||||
| compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | rincé | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | rince | rinces | rince | rinçons | rincez | rincent |
| imperfect | rinçois, rinçoys | rinçois, rinçoys | rinçoit, rinçoyt | rincions, rinçons | rinciez, rincyez | rinçoient, rinçoyent | |
| past historic | rinça | rinças | rinça | rinçasmes | rinçastes | rincerent | |
| future | rincerai, rinceray | rinceras | rincera | rincerons | rincerez | rinceront | |
| conditional | rincerois, rinceroys | rincerois, rinceroys | rinceroit, rinceroyt | rincerions, rinceryons | rinceriez, rinceryez | rinceroient, rinceroyent | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | rince | rinces | rince | rinçons | rincez | rincent |
| imperfect | rinçasse | rinçasses | rinçast | rinçassions | rinçassiez | rinçassent | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | rince | — | rinçons | rincez | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
| 2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). | |||||||
Descendants
- French: rincer
Old French
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin rainsāre, from Frankish *hrainisōn (“to clean, rinse”).
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-c, *-cs, *-ct are modified to z, z, zt. In addition, c becomes ç before an a, o or u to keep the /ts/ sound intact. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | rincer | avoir rincé | |||||
| gerund | en rinçant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | rinçant | ||||||
| past participle | rincé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | rinz | rinces | rince | rinçons | rincez | rincent |
| imperfect | rinçoie, rinceie, rinçoe, rinceve | rinçoies, rinceies, rinçoes, rinceves | rinçoit, rinceit, rinçot, rinceve | rinciiens, rinciens | rinciiez, rinciez | rinçoient, rinceient, rinçoent, rincevent | |
| preterite | rinçai | rinças | rinça | rinçames | rinçastes | rincerent | |
| future | rincerai | rinceras | rincera | rincerons | rinceroiz, rincereiz, rincerez | rinceront | |
| conditional | rinceroie, rincereie | rinceroies, rincereies | rinceroit, rincereit | rinceriiens, rinceriens | rinceriiez, rinceriez | rinceroient, rincereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | rinz | rinz | rinzt | rinçons | rincez | rincent |
| imperfect | rinçasse | rinçasses | rinçast | rincissons, rincissiens | rincissoiz, rincissez, rincissiez | rinçassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | rince | — | rinçons | rincez | — | ||
Descendants
- Middle French: rincer, rinser, rincier
- French: rincer
- Middle French: rainchier (“to beat, thrash”)
- Norman: rinchi (Jersiais)
- Picard: rinceu (Athois), rincher (Ch'ti)
- → Middle English: rynsen, ryncen, rynschen (“to rinse”) (merger with similar forms from Old Norse hreinsa)
- → Middle English: ranshen (“to rinse with oil, to grease”)
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