rifler
English
Anagrams
Danish
French
Etymology
Inherited from Old French rifler (“to scrape, scratch”), from Proto-West Germanic *rīfilōn via either Frankish *rīffilōn or Old High German riffilōn (“to tear by rubbing”), akin to rip, ripple. Compare Old English geriflian (“to wrinkle”), Old Norse rifa (“to tear, break”).
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Conjugation
Conjugation of rifler (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | rifler | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | riflant /ʁi.flɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | riflé /ʁi.fle/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | rifle /ʁifl/ |
rifles /ʁifl/ |
rifle /ʁifl/ |
riflons /ʁi.flɔ̃/ |
riflez /ʁi.fle/ |
riflent /ʁifl/ |
| imperfect | riflais /ʁi.flɛ/ |
riflais /ʁi.flɛ/ |
riflait /ʁi.flɛ/ |
riflions /ʁi.fli.jɔ̃/ |
rifliez /ʁi.fli.je/ |
riflaient /ʁi.flɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | riflai /ʁi.fle/ |
riflas /ʁi.fla/ |
rifla /ʁi.fla/ |
riflâmes /ʁi.flam/ |
riflâtes /ʁi.flat/ |
riflèrent /ʁi.flɛʁ/ | |
| future | riflerai /ʁi.flə.ʁe/ |
rifleras /ʁi.flə.ʁa/ |
riflera /ʁi.flə.ʁa/ |
riflerons /ʁi.flə.ʁɔ̃/ |
riflerez /ʁi.flə.ʁe/ |
rifleront /ʁi.flə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | riflerais /ʁi.flə.ʁɛ/ |
riflerais /ʁi.flə.ʁɛ/ |
riflerait /ʁi.flə.ʁɛ/ |
riflerions /ʁi.flə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
rifleriez /ʁi.flə.ʁje/ |
rifleraient /ʁi.flə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | rifle /ʁifl/ |
rifles /ʁifl/ |
rifle /ʁifl/ |
riflions /ʁi.fli.jɔ̃/ |
rifliez /ʁi.fli.je/ |
riflent /ʁifl/ |
| imperfect2 | riflasse /ʁi.flas/ |
riflasses /ʁi.flas/ |
riflât /ʁi.fla/ |
riflassions /ʁi.fla.sjɔ̃/ |
riflassiez /ʁi.fla.sje/ |
riflassent /ʁi.flas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | rifle /ʁifl/ |
— | riflons /ʁi.flɔ̃/ |
riflez /ʁi.fle/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Further reading
- “rifler”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Norwegian Bokmål
Norwegian Nynorsk
Old French
Alternative forms
- riffler, ryffler, rofler, rufler, rufeler
Etymology
Borrowed from Frankish *rīffilōn (“to scrape, scratch, tear”), from Proto-Germanic *rīfilōną (“to scrape, scratch, graze”). Alternatively borrowed from Old High German riffilōn of the same origin.
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | rifler | avoir riflé | |||||
| gerund | en riflant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | riflant | ||||||
| past participle | riflé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | rifle | rifles | rifle | riflons | riflez | riflent |
| imperfect | rifloie, rifleie, rifloe, rifleve | rifloies, rifleies, rifloes, rifleves | rifloit, rifleit, riflot, rifleve | rifliiens, rifliens | rifliiez, rifliez | rifloient, rifleient, rifloent, riflevent | |
| preterite | riflai | riflas | rifla | riflames | riflastes | riflerent | |
| future | riflerai | rifleras | riflera | riflerons | rifleroiz, riflereiz, riflerez | rifleront | |
| conditional | rifleroie, riflereie | rifleroies, riflereies | rifleroit, riflereit | rifleriiens, rifleriens | rifleriiez, rifleriez | rifleroient, riflereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | rifle | rifles | rifle | riflons | riflez | riflent |
| imperfect | riflasse | riflasses | riflast | riflissons, riflissiens | riflissoiz, riflissez, riflissiez | riflassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | rifle | — | riflons | riflez | — | ||
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