retraire
French
Etymology
Inherited from Old French retraire, from Latin retrahere.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʁə.tʁɛʁ/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɛʁ
Conjugation
This verb traditionally has no past historic or imperfect subjunctive. They would be formed on a -retray- root: *je retrayis, *que nous retrayissions etc. Forms using the 'a' endings of verbs in -er are now used when there is an unavoidable need to use these forms. The root -retrais- was used instead of -retray- in the 18th century, and remains in Swiss and Savoy dialects.
Conjugation of retraire (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | retraire | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | retrayant /ʁə.tʁɛ.jɑ̃/ or /ʁə.tʁe.jɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | retrait /ʁə.tʁɛ/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | retrais /ʁə.tʁɛ/ |
retrais /ʁə.tʁɛ/ |
retrait /ʁə.tʁɛ/ |
retrayons /ʁə.tʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /ʁə.tʁe.jɔ̃/ |
retrayez /ʁə.tʁɛ.je/ or /ʁə.tʁe.je/ |
retraient /ʁə.tʁɛ/ |
| imperfect | retrayais /ʁə.tʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ʁə.tʁe.jɛ/ |
retrayais /ʁə.tʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ʁə.tʁe.jɛ/ |
retrayait /ʁə.tʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ʁə.tʁe.jɛ/ |
retrayions /ʁə.tʁɛj.jɔ̃/ |
retrayiez /ʁə.tʁɛj.je/ |
retrayaient /ʁə.tʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ʁə.tʁe.jɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | retrayai /ʁə.tʁɛe/ |
retrayas /ʁə.tʁɛa/ |
retraya /ʁə.tʁɛa/ |
retrayâmes /ʁə.tʁɛam/ |
retrayâtes /ʁə.tʁɛat/ |
retrayèrent /ʁə.tʁɛɛʁ/ | |
| future | retrairai /ʁə.tʁɛ.ʁe/ or /ʁə.tʁe.ʁe/ |
retrairas /ʁə.tʁɛ.ʁa/ or /ʁə.tʁe.ʁa/ |
retraira /ʁə.tʁɛ.ʁa/ or /ʁə.tʁe.ʁa/ |
retrairons /ʁə.tʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /ʁə.tʁe.ʁɔ̃/ |
retrairez /ʁə.tʁɛ.ʁe/ or /ʁə.tʁe.ʁe/ |
retrairont /ʁə.tʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /ʁə.tʁe.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | retrairais /ʁə.tʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ʁə.tʁe.ʁɛ/ |
retrairais /ʁə.tʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ʁə.tʁe.ʁɛ/ |
retrairait /ʁə.tʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ʁə.tʁe.ʁɛ/ |
retrairions /ʁə.tʁɛ.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ʁə.tʁe.ʁjɔ̃/ |
retrairiez /ʁə.tʁɛ.ʁje/ or /ʁə.tʁe.ʁje/ |
retrairaient /ʁə.tʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ʁə.tʁe.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | retraie /ʁə.tʁɛ/ |
retraies /ʁə.tʁɛ/ |
retraie /ʁə.tʁɛ/ |
retrayions /ʁə.tʁɛj.jɔ̃/ |
retrayiez /ʁə.tʁɛj.je/ |
retraient /ʁə.tʁɛ/ |
| imperfect2 | retrayasse /ʁə.tʁɛas/ |
retrayasses /ʁə.tʁɛas/ |
retrayât /ʁə.tʁɛa/ |
retrayassions /ʁə.tʁɛa.sjɔ̃/ |
retrayassiez /ʁə.tʁɛa.sje/ |
retrayassent /ʁə.tʁɛas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | retrais /ʁə.tʁɛ/ |
— | retrayons /ʁə.tʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /ʁə.tʁe.jɔ̃/ |
retrayez /ʁə.tʁɛ.je/ or /ʁə.tʁe.je/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Synonyms
- retirer (Contemporary French)
Related terms
Further reading
- “retraire”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Old French
Alternative forms
- retreire
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb ends in a palatal stem, so there is an extra i before the e of some endings. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | retraire | avoir retrait | |||||
| gerund | en retraiant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | retraiant | ||||||
| past participle | retrait | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | retrai | retrais | retrait | retraions | retraiiez, retraites | retraient |
| imperfect | retraioie, retraieie | retraioies, retraieies | retraioit, retraieit | retraiiiens, retraiiens | retraiiiez, retraiiez | retraioient, retraieient | |
| preterite | retrais | retraisis | retraist | retraisimes | retraisistes | retraistrent | |
| future | retrairai | retrairas | retraira | retrairons | retrairoiz, retraireiz, retrairez | retrairont | |
| conditional | retrairoie, retraireie | retrairoies, retraireies | retrairoit, retraireit | retrairiiens, retrairiens | retrairiiez, retrairiez | retrairoient, retraireient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | retraie | retraies | retraie | retraiiens, retraions | retraiiez | retraient |
| imperfect | retraisisse | retraisisses | retraisist | retraisissons, retraisissiens | retraisissoiz, retraisissez, retraisissiez | retraisissent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | retrai | — | retraions | retraiiez | — | ||
Descendants
- French: retraire
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