réduire
French
Etymology
Inherited from Middle French reduire, from Old French reduire, an alteration or Gallicization of Latin redūcere (“reduce”), after conduire.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʁe.dɥiʁ/
audio (file)
Verb
réduire
- to reduce
- to cut (prices); to shorten (text); to reduce, scale down (pictures etc.)
- (transitive with à) to reduce (someone) to
- Je les ai réduits en esclavage.
- I reduced them to slavery.
- (transitive with en) to reduce (something) to
- La maison fut réduite en cendres.
- The house was reduced to ashes.
- (medicine) to reduce, set
- (chemistry, cooking) to reduce
- (military) to capture (place), quell (opposition etc.)
- (takes a reflexive pronoun, transitive with à) to amount to, to come down to
- Les copules, qui se réduisent au rôle de lien syntaxique entre sujet et attribut en estompant leur sémantique propre, sont souvent des verbes d’état.
- Copulas, which amount only to syntactic links between subject and complement since their own semantic content has been lost, are often stative verbs.
Conjugation
Conjugation of réduire (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | réduire | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | réduisant /ʁe.dɥi.zɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | réduit /ʁe.dɥi/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | réduis /ʁe.dɥi/ |
réduis /ʁe.dɥi/ |
réduit /ʁe.dɥi/ |
réduisons /ʁe.dɥi.zɔ̃/ |
réduisez /ʁe.dɥi.ze/ |
réduisent /ʁe.dɥiz/ |
imperfect | réduisais /ʁe.dɥi.zɛ/ |
réduisais /ʁe.dɥi.zɛ/ |
réduisait /ʁe.dɥi.zɛ/ |
réduisions /ʁe.dɥi.zjɔ̃/ |
réduisiez /ʁe.dɥi.zje/ |
réduisaient /ʁe.dɥi.zɛ/ | |
past historic2 | réduisis /ʁe.dɥi.zi/ |
réduisis /ʁe.dɥi.zi/ |
réduisit /ʁe.dɥi.zi/ |
réduisîmes /ʁe.dɥi.zim/ |
réduisîtes /ʁe.dɥi.zit/ |
réduisirent /ʁe.dɥi.ziʁ/ | |
future | réduirai /ʁe.dɥi.ʁe/ |
réduiras /ʁe.dɥi.ʁa/ |
réduira /ʁe.dɥi.ʁa/ |
réduirons /ʁe.dɥi.ʁɔ̃/ |
réduirez /ʁe.dɥi.ʁe/ |
réduiront /ʁe.dɥi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | réduirais /ʁe.dɥi.ʁɛ/ |
réduirais /ʁe.dɥi.ʁɛ/ |
réduirait /ʁe.dɥi.ʁɛ/ |
réduirions /ʁe.dɥi.ʁjɔ̃/ |
réduiriez /ʁe.dɥi.ʁje/ |
réduiraient /ʁe.dɥi.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | réduise /ʁe.dɥiz/ |
réduises /ʁe.dɥiz/ |
réduise /ʁe.dɥiz/ |
réduisions /ʁe.dɥi.zjɔ̃/ |
réduisiez /ʁe.dɥi.zje/ |
réduisent /ʁe.dɥiz/ |
imperfect2 | réduisisse /ʁe.dɥi.zis/ |
réduisisses /ʁe.dɥi.zis/ |
réduisît /ʁe.dɥi.zi/ |
réduisissions /ʁe.dɥi.zi.sjɔ̃/ |
réduisissiez /ʁe.dɥi.zi.sje/ |
réduisissent /ʁe.dɥi.zis/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | réduis /ʁe.dɥi/ |
— | réduisons /ʁe.dɥi.zɔ̃/ |
réduisez /ʁe.dɥi.ze/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
Further reading
- “réduire”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
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