proprius

Most likely from Proto-Italic *pro- + *prijos (“own, dear”), from Proto-Indo-European *priHós (“dear”). Since pro- can hardly be explained as a nominal prefix, Forssman (2004) explains it as having been extended to the adjective from the verb propriāre, once-attested as propriāssit. Cognate to Sanskrit प्रिय (priyá, “dear”), Russian прия́тель (prijátelʹ, “buddy, mate”) and Russian прия́тный (prijátnyj, “pleasant”), Welsh rhydd (“free”), English free.[1]

Other suggestions include:

• for *proprīvus, from the root of prīvus (“individual”), from Proto-Indo-European *prey-wo-s (“being in front”).
• for *propatrius, from pro- +‎ pater, meaning “from one's forefathers”, taking Ancient Greek προπάτωρ (propátōr, “forefather”) as comparison.

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈpro.pri.us/, [ˈprɔpriʊs̠] or IPA^(key): /ˈprop.ri.us/, [ˈprɔpriʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈpro.pri.us/, [ˈprɔːprius] or IPA^(key): /ˈprop.ri.us/, [ˈprɔprius]

proprius (feminine propria, neuter proprium); first/second-declension adjective

1. appropriate to oneself: (one's) proper, (one's) own (inalienably)
2. belonging to oneself as property, or goods: (one's) own (alienably)
   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs.11.24:

     aliī dīvidunt propria et dītiōrēs fīunt aliī rapiunt nōn sua et semper in egestāte sunt

     Some distribute their own goods, and grow richer: others take away what is not their own, and are always in want. (Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)

3. particular to one individual, group, or case: characteristic, distinctive, eccentric, idiosyncratic, individual, specialized
4. not shared with others: personal, private, exclusive

   Antonym: commūnis

5. (of activities) proper to, characteristic of a given set of persons or things
6. (of words) proper, literal, strict

   Antonyms: trā(ns)lāticius, trā(ns)lātus

   1. concrete, specific
   2. used of proper nouns

First/second-declension adjective.

• pecūliāris
• prīvātus
• suus

• “proprius” on page 1646 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 829

• “proprius”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “proprius”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• proprius in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• proprius in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the proper term; a word used strictly: vocabulum proprium
    
  • something is a characteristic of a man: aliquid est proprium alicuius