prester
English
Etymology 1
From Middle English prestre, from Old French prestre. Doublet of presbyter and priest.
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From New Latin prēstēr, from Ancient Greek πρηστήρ (prēstḗr, “hurricane or waterspout attended with lightning; (in plural) veins of the neck when swollen by anger”).
Noun
prester (plural presters or (rare) presteres)
- A meteor or exhalation formerly supposed to be thrown from the clouds with such violence that by collision it is set on fire.
- One of the veins of the neck when swollen with anger or other excitement.
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for “prester”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pʁɛs.te/
Audio (file)
Verb
prester
Inflection
Conjugation of prester (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | prester | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | prestant /pʁɛs.tɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | presté /pʁɛs.te/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | preste /pʁɛst/ |
prestes /pʁɛst/ |
preste /pʁɛst/ |
prestons /pʁɛs.tɔ̃/ |
prestez /pʁɛs.te/ |
prestent /pʁɛst/ |
| imperfect | prestais /pʁɛs.tɛ/ |
prestais /pʁɛs.tɛ/ |
prestait /pʁɛs.tɛ/ |
prestions /pʁɛs.tjɔ̃/ |
prestiez /pʁɛs.tje/ |
prestaient /pʁɛs.tɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | prestai /pʁɛs.te/ |
prestas /pʁɛs.ta/ |
presta /pʁɛs.ta/ |
prestâmes /pʁɛs.tam/ |
prestâtes /pʁɛs.tat/ |
prestèrent /pʁɛs.tɛʁ/ | |
| future | presterai /pʁɛs.tə.ʁe/ |
presteras /pʁɛs.tə.ʁa/ |
prestera /pʁɛs.tə.ʁa/ |
presterons /pʁɛs.tə.ʁɔ̃/ |
presterez /pʁɛs.tə.ʁe/ |
presteront /pʁɛs.tə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | presterais /pʁɛs.tə.ʁɛ/ |
presterais /pʁɛs.tə.ʁɛ/ |
presterait /pʁɛs.tə.ʁɛ/ |
presterions /pʁɛs.tə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
presteriez /pʁɛs.tə.ʁje/ |
presteraient /pʁɛs.tə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | preste /pʁɛst/ |
prestes /pʁɛst/ |
preste /pʁɛst/ |
prestions /pʁɛs.tjɔ̃/ |
prestiez /pʁɛs.tje/ |
prestent /pʁɛst/ |
| imperfect2 | prestasse /pʁɛs.tas/ |
prestasses /pʁɛs.tas/ |
prestât /pʁɛs.ta/ |
prestassions /pʁɛs.ta.sjɔ̃/ |
prestassiez /pʁɛs.ta.sje/ |
prestassent /pʁɛs.tas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | preste /pʁɛst/ |
— | prestons /pʁɛs.tɔ̃/ |
prestez /pʁɛs.te/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Further reading
- “prester”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Middle French
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old French prester. Cognate with Norman prêter and borrowed Middle English prest (whence English prest).
Conjugation
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of prester
| infinitive | simple | prester | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | prestant | |||||
| compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | presté | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | preste | prestes | preste | prestons | prestez | prestent |
| imperfect | prestois, prestoys | prestois, prestoys | prestoit, prestoyt | prestions, prestyons | prestiez, prestyez | prestoient, prestoyent | |
| past historic | presta | prestas | presta | prestasmes | prestastes | presterent | |
| future | presterai, presteray | presteras | prestera | presterons | presterez | presteront | |
| conditional | presterois, presteroys | presterois, presteroys | presteroit, presteroyt | presterions, presteryons | presteriez, presteryez | presteroient, presteroyent | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | preste | prestes | preste | prestons | prestez | prestent |
| imperfect | prestasse | prestasses | prestast | prestassions | prestassiez | prestassent | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | preste | — | prestons | prestez | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
| 2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). | |||||||
Descendants
- French: prêter
Middle Norwegian
Etymology
From Old Norse prestr m, from Old English prēost. Cognate with Old Swedish præster and Icelandic prestur.
References
- Alieva, Dinara. (2013) Adnominale genitivskonstruksjoner i mellomnorsk.
- Dokumentasjonsprosjektet, Dataene er fra Diplomatarium Norvegicum bind I-XXI.
Norwegian Bokmål
Old French
Etymology
From Latin praestāre, present active infinitive of praestō. See also Italian prestare, Portuguese prestar, Romanian presta, Spanish prestar.
Verb
prester
- to borrow
- c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
- Tant que je puisse armes trover
Ou a loiier ou a prester.- As long as I can find arms
Either to hire, or to borrow.
- As long as I can find arms
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-sts, *-stt are modified to z, st. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | prester | avoir presté | |||||
| gerund | en prestant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | prestant | ||||||
| past participle | presté | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | prest | prestes | preste | prestons | prestez | prestent |
| imperfect | prestoie, presteie, prestoe, presteve | prestoies, presteies, prestoes, presteves | prestoit, presteit, prestot, presteve | prestiiens, prestiens | prestiiez, prestiez | prestoient, presteient, prestoent, prestevent | |
| preterite | prestai | prestas | presta | prestames | prestastes | presterent | |
| future | presterai | presteras | prestera | presterons | presteroiz, prestereiz, presterez | presteront | |
| conditional | presteroie, prestereie | presteroies, prestereies | presteroit, prestereit | presteriiens, presteriens | presteriiez, presteriez | presteroient, prestereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | prest | prez | prest | prestons | prestez | prestent |
| imperfect | prestasse | prestasses | prestast | prestissons, prestissiens | prestissoiz, prestissez, prestissiez | prestassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | preste | — | prestons | prestez | — | ||
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