phila
Welsh
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈfɪla/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈfiːla/, /ˈfɪla/
Xhosa
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukuphila | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukuphila | ukungaphili | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | phila | -phile | |||||||
Plural | philani | -phileni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyaphila, ngiphila | engiphilayo, engiphila | ngiphila | angiphili | engingaphili | ngingaphili | |||
2nd singular | uyaphila, uphila | ophilayo, ophila | uphila | awuphili | ongaphili | ungaphili | |||
1st plural | siyaphila, siphila | esiphilayo, esiphila | siphila | asiphili | esingaphili | singaphili | |||
2nd plural | niyaphila, niphila | eniphilayo, eniphila | niphila | aniphili | eningaphili | ningaphili | |||
Class 1 | uyaphila, uphila | ophilayo, ophila | ephila | akaphili | ongaphili | engaphili | |||
Class 2 | bayaphila, baphila | abaphilayo, abaphila | bephila | abaphili | abangaphili | bengaphili | |||
Class 3 | uyaphila, uphila | ophilayo, ophila | uphila | awuphili | ongaphili | ungaphili | |||
Class 4 | iyaphila, iphila | ephilayo, ephila | iphila | ayiphili | engaphili | ingaphili | |||
Class 5 | liyaphila, liphila | eliphilayo, eliphila | liphila | aliphili | elingaphili | lingaphili | |||
Class 6 | ayaphila, aphila | aphilayo, aphila | ephila | awaphili | angaphili | engaphili | |||
Class 7 | siyaphila, siphila | esiphilayo, esiphila | siphila | asiphili | esingaphili | singaphili | |||
Class 8 | ziyaphila, ziphila | eziphilayo, eziphila | ziphila | aziphili | ezingaphili | zingaphili | |||
Class 9 | iyaphila, iphila | ephilayo, ephila | iphila | ayiphili | engaphili | ingaphili | |||
Class 10 | ziyaphila, ziphila | eziphilayo, eziphila | ziphila | aziphili | ezingaphili | zingaphili | |||
Class 11 | luyaphila, luphila | oluphilayo, oluphila | luphila | aluphili | olungaphili | lungaphili | |||
Class 14 | buyaphila, buphila | obuphilayo, obuphila | buphila | abuphili | obungaphili | bungaphili | |||
Class 15 | kuyaphila, kuphila | okuphilayo, okuphila | kuphila | akuphili | okungaphili | kungaphili | |||
Class 17 | kuyaphila, kuphila | okuphilayo, okuphila | kuphila | akuphili | okungaphili | kungaphili | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiphilile, ngiphilē | engiphilile, engiphilē | ngiphilile, ngiphilē | angiphilanga | engingaphilanga | ngingaphilanga | |||
2nd singular | uphilile, uphilē | ophilile, ophilē | uphilile, uphilē | awuphilanga | ongaphilanga | ungaphilanga | |||
1st plural | siphilile, siphilē | esiphilile, esiphilē | siphilile, siphilē | asiphilanga | esingaphilanga | singaphilanga | |||
2nd plural | niphilile, niphilē | eniphilile, eniphilē | niphilile, niphilē | aniphilanga | eningaphilanga | ningaphilanga | |||
Class 1 | uphilile, uphilē | ophilile, ophilē | ephilile, ephilē | akaphilanga | ongaphilanga | engaphilanga | |||
Class 2 | baphilile, baphilē | abaphilile, abaphilē | bephilile, bephilē | abaphilanga | abangaphilanga | bengaphilanga | |||
Class 3 | uphilile, uphilē | ophilile, ophilē | uphilile, uphilē | awuphilanga | ongaphilanga | ungaphilanga | |||
Class 4 | iphilile, iphilē | ephilile, ephilē | iphilile, iphilē | ayiphilanga | engaphilanga | ingaphilanga | |||
Class 5 | liphilile, liphilē | eliphilile, eliphilē | liphilile, liphilē | aliphilanga | elingaphilanga | lingaphilanga | |||
Class 6 | aphilile, aphilē | aphilile, aphilē | ephilile, ephilē | awaphilanga | angaphilanga | engaphilanga | |||
Class 7 | siphilile, siphilē | esiphilile, esiphilē | siphilile, siphilē | asiphilanga | esingaphilanga | singaphilanga | |||
Class 8 | ziphilile, ziphilē | eziphilile, eziphilē | ziphilile, ziphilē | aziphilanga | ezingaphilanga | zingaphilanga | |||
Class 9 | iphilile, iphilē | ephilile, ephilē | iphilile, iphilē | ayiphilanga | engaphilanga | ingaphilanga | |||
Class 10 | ziphilile, ziphilē | eziphilile, eziphilē | ziphilile, ziphilē | aziphilanga | ezingaphilanga | zingaphilanga | |||
Class 11 | luphilile, luphilē | oluphilile, oluphilē | luphilile, luphilē | aluphilanga | olungaphilanga | lungaphilanga | |||
Class 14 | buphilile, buphilē | obuphilile, obuphilē | buphilile, buphilē | abuphilanga | obungaphilanga | bungaphilanga | |||
Class 15 | kuphilile, kuphilē | okuphilile, okuphilē | kuphilile, kuphilē | akuphilanga | okungaphilanga | kungaphilanga | |||
Class 17 | kuphilile, kuphilē | okuphilile, okuphilē | kuphilile, kuphilē | akuphilanga | okungaphilanga | kungaphilanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāphila | engāphila | ngāphila | angiphilanga | engingaphilanga | ngingaphilanga | |||
2nd singular | wāphila | owāphila | wāphila | awuphilanga | ongaphilanga | ungaphilanga | |||
1st plural | sāphila | esāphila | sāphila | asiphilanga | esingaphilanga | singaphilanga | |||
2nd plural | nāphila | enāphila | nāphila | aniphilanga | eningaphilanga | ningaphilanga | |||
Class 1 | wāphila | owāphila | āphila | akaphilanga | ongaphilanga | engaphilanga | |||
Class 2 | bāphila | abāphila | bāphila | abaphilanga | abangaphilanga | bengaphilanga | |||
Class 3 | wāphila | owāphila | wāphila | awuphilanga | ongaphilanga | ungaphilanga | |||
Class 4 | yāphila | eyāphila | yāphila | ayiphilanga | engaphilanga | ingaphilanga | |||
Class 5 | lāphila | elāphila | lāphila | aliphilanga | elingaphilanga | lingaphilanga | |||
Class 6 | āphila | āphila | āphila | awaphilanga | angaphilanga | engaphilanga | |||
Class 7 | sāphila | esāphila | sāphila | asiphilanga | esingaphilanga | singaphilanga | |||
Class 8 | zāphila | ezāphila | zāphila | aziphilanga | ezingaphilanga | zingaphilanga | |||
Class 9 | yāphila | eyāphila | yāphila | ayiphilanga | engaphilanga | ingaphilanga | |||
Class 10 | zāphila | ezāphila | zāphila | aziphilanga | ezingaphilanga | zingaphilanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāphila | olwāphila | lwāphila | aluphilanga | olungaphilanga | lungaphilanga | |||
Class 14 | bāphila | obāphila | bāphila | abuphilanga | obungaphilanga | bungaphilanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāphila | okwāphila | kwāphila | akuphilanga | okungaphilanga | kungaphilanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāphila | okwāphila | kwāphila | akuphilanga | okungaphilanga | kungaphilanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingaphila | — | ngingaphila | ngingephile | — | ngingephile | |||
2nd singular | ungaphila | — | ungaphila | ungephile | — | ungephile | |||
1st plural | singaphila | — | singaphila | singephile | — | singephile | |||
2nd plural | ningaphila | — | ningaphila | ningephile | — | ningephile | |||
Class 1 | angaphila | — | engaphila | angephile | — | engephile | |||
Class 2 | bangaphila | — | bengaphila | bangephile | — | bengephile | |||
Class 3 | ungaphila | — | ungaphila | ungephile | — | ungephile | |||
Class 4 | ingaphila | — | ingaphila | ingephile | — | ingephile | |||
Class 5 | lingaphila | — | lingaphila | lingephile | — | lingephile | |||
Class 6 | angaphila | — | engaphila | angephile | — | engephile | |||
Class 7 | singaphila | — | singaphila | singephile | — | singephile | |||
Class 8 | zingaphila | — | zingaphila | zingephile | — | zingephile | |||
Class 9 | ingaphila | — | ingaphila | ingephile | — | ingephile | |||
Class 10 | zingaphila | — | zingaphila | zingephile | — | zingephile | |||
Class 11 | lungaphila | — | lungaphila | lungephile | — | lungephile | |||
Class 14 | bungaphila | — | bungaphila | bungephile | — | bungephile | |||
Class 15 | kungaphila | — | kungaphila | kungephile | — | kungephile | |||
Class 17 | kungaphila | — | kungaphila | kungephile | — | kungephile | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizophila | engizophila | ngizophila | angizuphila | engingezuphila | ngingezuphila | |||
2nd singular | uzophila | ozophila | uzophila | awuzuphila | ongezuphila | ungezuphila | |||
1st plural | sizophila | esizophila | sizophila | asizuphila | esingezuphila | singezuphila | |||
2nd plural | nizophila | enizophila | nizophila | anizuphila | eningezuphila | ningezuphila | |||
Class 1 | uzophila | ozophila | ezophila | akazuphila | ongezuphila | engezuphila | |||
Class 2 | bazophila | abazophila | bezophila | abazuphila | abangezuphila | bengezuphila | |||
Class 3 | uzophila | ozophila | uzophila | awuzuphila | ongezuphila | ungezuphila | |||
Class 4 | izophila | ezophila | izophila | ayizuphila | engezuphila | ingezuphila | |||
Class 5 | lizophila | elizophila | lizophila | alizuphila | elingezuphila | lingezuphila | |||
Class 6 | azophila | azophila | ezophila | awazuphila | angezuphila | engezuphila | |||
Class 7 | sizophila | esizophila | sizophila | asizuphila | esingezuphila | singezuphila | |||
Class 8 | zizophila | ezizophila | zizophila | azizuphila | ezingezuphila | zingezuphila | |||
Class 9 | izophila | ezophila | izophila | ayizuphila | engezuphila | ingezuphila | |||
Class 10 | zizophila | ezizophila | zizophila | azizuphila | ezingezuphila | zingezuphila | |||
Class 11 | luzophila | oluzophila | luzophila | aluzuphila | olungezuphila | lungezuphila | |||
Class 14 | buzophila | obuzophila | buzophila | abuzuphila | obungezuphila | bungezuphila | |||
Class 15 | kuzophila | okuzophila | kuzophila | akuzuphila | okungezuphila | kungezuphila | |||
Class 17 | kuzophila | okuzophila | kuzophila | akuzuphila | okungezuphila | kungezuphila | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyophila | engiyophila | ngiyophila | angiyuphila | engingeyuphila | ngingeyuphila | |||
2nd singular | uyophila | oyophila | uyophila | awuyuphila | ongeyuphila | ungeyuphila | |||
1st plural | siyophila | esiyophila | siyophila | asiyuphila | esingeyuphila | singeyuphila | |||
2nd plural | niyophila | eniyophila | niyophila | aniyuphila | eningeyuphila | ningeyuphila | |||
Class 1 | uyophila | oyophila | eyophila | akayuphila | ongeyuphila | engeyuphila | |||
Class 2 | bayophila | abayophila | beyophila | abayuphila | abangeyuphila | bengeyuphila | |||
Class 3 | uyophila | oyophila | uyophila | awuyuphila | ongeyuphila | ungeyuphila | |||
Class 4 | iyophila | eyophila | iyophila | ayiyuphila | engeyuphila | ingeyuphila | |||
Class 5 | liyophila | eliyophila | liyophila | aliyuphila | elingeyuphila | lingeyuphila | |||
Class 6 | ayophila | ayophila | eyophila | awayuphila | angeyuphila | engeyuphila | |||
Class 7 | siyophila | esiyophila | siyophila | asiyuphila | esingeyuphila | singeyuphila | |||
Class 8 | ziyophila | eziyophila | ziyophila | aziyuphila | ezingeyuphila | zingeyuphila | |||
Class 9 | iyophila | eyophila | iyophila | ayiyuphila | engeyuphila | ingeyuphila | |||
Class 10 | ziyophila | eziyophila | ziyophila | aziyuphila | ezingeyuphila | zingeyuphila | |||
Class 11 | luyophila | oluyophila | luyophila | aluyuphila | olungeyuphila | lungeyuphila | |||
Class 14 | buyophila | obuyophila | buyophila | abuyuphila | obungeyuphila | bungeyuphila | |||
Class 15 | kuyophila | okuyophila | kuyophila | akuyuphila | okungeyuphila | kungeyuphila | |||
Class 17 | kuyophila | okuyophila | kuyophila | akuyuphila | okungeyuphila | kungeyuphila | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngiphile | ngingaphili | |||||||
2nd singular | uphile | ungaphili | |||||||
1st plural | siphile | singaphili | |||||||
2nd plural | niphile | ningaphili | |||||||
Class 1 | aphile | angaphili | |||||||
Class 2 | baphile | bangaphili | |||||||
Class 3 | uphile | ungaphili | |||||||
Class 4 | iphile | ingaphili | |||||||
Class 5 | liphile | lingaphili | |||||||
Class 6 | aphile | angaphili | |||||||
Class 7 | siphile | singaphili | |||||||
Class 8 | ziphile | zingaphili | |||||||
Class 9 | iphile | ingaphili | |||||||
Class 10 | ziphile | zingaphili | |||||||
Class 11 | luphile | lungaphili | |||||||
Class 14 | buphile | bungaphili | |||||||
Class 15 | kuphile | kungaphili | |||||||
Class 17 | kuphile | kungaphili | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngaphila | ngangaphila, angaphila, angangaphila | |||||||
2nd singular | waphila | wangaphila, awaphila, awangaphila | |||||||
1st plural | saphila | sangaphila, asaphila, asangaphila | |||||||
2nd plural | naphila | nangaphila, anaphila, anangaphila | |||||||
Class 1 | waphila | wangaphila, akaphila, akangaphila | |||||||
Class 2 | baphila | bangaphila, abaphila, abangaphila | |||||||
Class 3 | waphila | wangaphila, awaphila, awangaphila | |||||||
Class 4 | yaphila | yangaphila, ayaphila, ayangaphila | |||||||
Class 5 | laphila | langaphila, alaphila, alangaphila | |||||||
Class 6 | aphila | angaphila, awaphila, awangaphila | |||||||
Class 7 | saphila | sangaphila, asaphila, asangaphila | |||||||
Class 8 | zaphila | zangaphila, azaphila, azangaphila | |||||||
Class 9 | yaphila | yangaphila, ayaphila, ayangaphila | |||||||
Class 10 | zaphila | zangaphila, azaphila, azangaphila | |||||||
Class 11 | lwaphila | lwangaphila, alwaphila, alwangaphila | |||||||
Class 14 | baphila | bangaphila, abaphila, abangaphila | |||||||
Class 15 | kwaphila | kwangaphila, akwaphila, akwangaphila | |||||||
Class 17 | kwaphila | kwangaphila, akwaphila, akwangaphila |
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “phila”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “phila (6.3)”
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