penkoa
Finnish
Etymology
From penk- + -oa, from the same root of unknown origin as dialectal pengata. Cognate with Karelian penkuo.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpeŋkoɑˣ/, [ˈpe̞ŋko̞ɑ̝(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -eŋkoɑ
- Syllabification(key): pen‧ko‧a
Conjugation
| Inflection of penkoa (Kotus type 52*G/sanoa, nk-ng gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | pengon | en pengo | 1st sing. | olen penkonut | en ole penkonut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | pengot | et pengo | 2nd sing. | olet penkonut | et ole penkonut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | penkoo | ei pengo | 3rd sing. | on penkonut | ei ole penkonut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | pengomme | emme pengo | 1st plur. | olemme penkoneet | emme ole penkoneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | pengotte | ette pengo | 2nd plur. | olette penkoneet | ette ole penkoneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | penkovat | eivät pengo | 3rd plur. | ovat penkoneet | eivät ole penkoneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | pengotaan | ei pengota | passive | on pengottu | ei ole pengottu | ||||||||||||||||
| past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | pengoin | en penkonut | 1st sing. | olin penkonut | en ollut penkonut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | pengoit | et penkonut | 2nd sing. | olit penkonut | et ollut penkonut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | penkoi | ei penkonut | 3rd sing. | oli penkonut | ei ollut penkonut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | pengoimme | emme penkoneet | 1st plur. | olimme penkoneet | emme olleet penkoneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | pengoitte | ette penkoneet | 2nd plur. | olitte penkoneet | ette olleet penkoneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | penkoivat | eivät penkoneet | 3rd plur. | olivat penkoneet | eivät olleet penkoneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | pengottiin | ei pengottu | passive | oli pengottu | ei ollut pengottu | ||||||||||||||||
| conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | penkoisin | en penkoisi | 1st sing. | olisin penkonut | en olisi penkonut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | penkoisit | et penkoisi | 2nd sing. | olisit penkonut | et olisi penkonut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | penkoisi | ei penkoisi | 3rd sing. | olisi penkonut | ei olisi penkonut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | penkoisimme | emme penkoisi | 1st plur. | olisimme penkoneet | emme olisi penkoneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | penkoisitte | ette penkoisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte penkoneet | ette olisi penkoneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | penkoisivat | eivät penkoisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat penkoneet | eivät olisi penkoneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | pengottaisiin | ei pengottaisi | passive | olisi pengottu | ei olisi pengottu | ||||||||||||||||
| imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | pengo | älä pengo | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | penkokoon | älköön penkoko | 3rd sing. | olkoon penkonut | älköön olko penkonut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | penkokaamme | älkäämme penkoko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | penkokaa | älkää penkoko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | penkokoot | älkööt penkoko | 3rd plur. | olkoot penkoneet | älkööt olko penkoneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | pengottakoon | älköön pengottako | passive | olkoon pengottu | älköön olko pengottu | ||||||||||||||||
| potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | penkonen | en penkone | 1st sing. | lienen penkonut | en liene penkonut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | penkonet | et penkone | 2nd sing. | lienet penkonut | et liene penkonut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | penkonee | ei penkone | 3rd sing. | lienee penkonut | ei liene penkonut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | penkonemme | emme penkone | 1st plur. | lienemme penkoneet | emme liene penkoneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | penkonette | ette penkone | 2nd plur. | lienette penkoneet | ette liene penkoneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | penkonevat | eivät penkone | 3rd plur. | lienevät penkoneet | eivät liene penkoneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | pengottaneen | ei pengottane | passive | lienee pengottu | ei liene pengottu | ||||||||||||||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
| infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1st | penkoa | present | penkova | pengottava | |||||||||||||||||
| long 1st1 |
|
past | penkonut | pengottu | |||||||||||||||||
| 2nd | inessive2 | penkoessa | pengottaessa | agent3 | penkoma | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | penkomaton | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | penkoen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd | inessive | penkomassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| elative | penkomasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| illative | penkomaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| adessive | penkomalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| abessive | penkomatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | penkoman | pengottaman | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4th4 | verbal noun | penkominen | |||||||||||||||||||
| 5th1 |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Derived terms
Further reading
- “penkoa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
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