pḥ

See also: ph, Ph, PH, pH, .ph, and P&H

Egyptian

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /paːħ/ → /paːħ/ → /paːħ/ → /poːħ/

Verb
pH
D54

 2-lit.

  1. (transitive) to reach (a place or person)
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Coffin Texts, version S1P (outer coffin of Nakhti, Louvre E 11981) spell 148, lines 121–122:[1]
      nw
      k      		 A1G5A40mssnF51
      t      		 B1iriimD38
      k      		 t
      D40      		 N33A
      f      		 mXn
      nw pr      		 swHt
      H8
      D35AdwI3iA1h
      h      		 Q7n
      r Z1      		 T
      n      		 D35
      p      		 HpHD54
      n      		 wiA1D&d tT
      n      		 riA1
      jnk ḥr ms.n ꜣst jry mkt.f m ẖnw swḥt nj ꜣd wj hh n(j) r(ꜣ).ṯn nj pḥ.n wj ḏdt.ṯn r.j
      I am Horus, born of Isis, whose protection was made within the egg: the fiery breath of your mouths will not rage against me, and what you may say against me cannot reach me.
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 1–3:
      wU29AY2ib Z1
      k      		 HAt
      a      		 A1ma
      k      		 pH
      D54      		 n
      n
      Z2      		 Xn
      n      		 nwwpr
      wḏꜣ jb.k ḥꜣt(j)-ꜥ m.k pḥ.n.n ẖnw
      Satisfy yourself (literally, “May your heart be sound”), high official: look, we have reached home.
  2. (transitive) to attack

Inflection
Conjugation of pḥ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: pḥ, geminated stem: pḥḥ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
pḥ
 pḥw, pḥ
 pḥt
 pḥ, j.pḥ
 pḥ, j.pḥ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
pḥ
 ḥr pḥ
 m pḥ
 r pḥ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect pḥ.n
 pḥw, pḥ
 consecutive pḥ.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative pḥt
perfective3 pḥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 pḥ.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective pḥ, j.pḥ1
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 pḥ
 pḥḥ
 potentialis1 pḥ.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive pḥ, j.pḥ1
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect pḥ.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective pḥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 pḥ
 pḥḥ, pḥḥj6, pḥ2, pḥw2 5, pḥy2 5
imperfective j.pḥ1, pḥ, pḥy, pḥw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 j.pḥ1, j.pḥw1 5, pḥ, pḥj6, pḥy6
 pḥ, pḥw5
prospective pḥ, pḥtj7
 — pḥtj4, pḥt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of pḥ  
pHpHD54
pḥ

Descendants
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲡⲱϩ (pōh)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲫⲟϩ (phoh)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲡⲱϩ (pōh), ⲡⲟϩ (poh), ⲡⲉϩ (peh)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲡⲱϩ (pōh), (unstressed, as an auxiliary) ⲡϩ (ph)

References
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 229.
  • Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 97
  1. de Buck, Adriaan (1954) The Egyptian Coffin Texts, volume II, page 225 b–e
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