otha

Karao

Noun

otha

vomit

Northern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jóta (“to warm oneself”).

Verb

-ótha

to warm oneself

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Xhosa

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jóta (“to warm oneself”).

Verb

-ôtha

(transitive) to bask in

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jóta (“to warm oneself”).

Verb

-ôtha

(transitive) to warm oneself at, to bask in

Inflection

Tone HH
Infinitive	ukotha
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukotha	ukungothi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	yotha	-othe
Plural	yothani	-otheni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyotha, ngotha	engothayo, engotha	ngotha	angothi	engingothi	ngingothi
2nd singular	uyotha, wotha	owothayo, owotha	wotha	awothi	ongothi	ungothi
1st plural	siyotha, sotha	esothayo, esotha	sotha	asothi	esingothi	singothi
2nd plural	niyotha, notha	enothayo, enotha	notha	anothi	eningothi	ningothi
Class 1	uyotha, wotha	owothayo, owotha	otha	akothi	ongothi	engothi
Class 2	bayotha, botha	abothayo, abotha	botha	abothi	abangothi	bengothi
Class 3	uyotha, wotha	owothayo, owotha	wotha	awothi	ongothi	ungothi
Class 4	iyotha, yotha	eyothayo, eyotha	yotha	ayothi	engothi	ingothi
Class 5	liyotha, lotha	elothayo, elotha	lotha	alothi	elingothi	lingothi
Class 6	ayotha, otha	othayo, otha	otha	awothi	angothi	engothi
Class 7	siyotha, sotha	esothayo, esotha	sotha	asothi	esingothi	singothi
Class 8	ziyotha, zotha	ezothayo, ezotha	zotha	azothi	ezingothi	zingothi
Class 9	iyotha, yotha	eyothayo, eyotha	yotha	ayothi	engothi	ingothi
Class 10	ziyotha, zotha	ezothayo, ezotha	zotha	azothi	ezingothi	zingothi
Class 11	luyotha, lotha	olothayo, olotha	lotha	alothi	olungothi	lungothi
Class 14	buyotha, botha	obothayo, obotha	botha	abothi	obungothi	bungothi
Class 15	kuyotha, kotha	okothayo, okotha	kotha	akothi	okungothi	kungothi
Class 17	kuyotha, kotha	okothayo, okotha	kotha	akothi	okungothi	kungothi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngothile, ngothē	engothile, engothē	ngothile, ngothē	angothanga	engingothanga	ngingothanga
2nd singular	wothile, wothē	owothile, owothē	wothile, wothē	awothanga	ongothanga	ungothanga
1st plural	sothile, sothē	esothile, esothē	sothile, sothē	asothanga	esingothanga	singothanga
2nd plural	nothile, nothē	enothile, enothē	nothile, nothē	anothanga	eningothanga	ningothanga
Class 1	wothile, wothē	owothile, owothē	othile, othē	akothanga	ongothanga	engothanga
Class 2	bothile, bothē	abothile, abothē	bothile, bothē	abothanga	abangothanga	bengothanga
Class 3	wothile, wothē	owothile, owothē	wothile, wothē	awothanga	ongothanga	ungothanga
Class 4	yothile, yothē	eyothile, eyothē	yothile, yothē	ayothanga	engothanga	ingothanga
Class 5	lothile, lothē	elothile, elothē	lothile, lothē	alothanga	elingothanga	lingothanga
Class 6	othile, othē	othile, othē	othile, othē	awothanga	angothanga	engothanga
Class 7	sothile, sothē	esothile, esothē	sothile, sothē	asothanga	esingothanga	singothanga
Class 8	zothile, zothē	ezothile, ezothē	zothile, zothē	azothanga	ezingothanga	zingothanga
Class 9	yothile, yothē	eyothile, eyothē	yothile, yothē	ayothanga	engothanga	ingothanga
Class 10	zothile, zothē	ezothile, ezothē	zothile, zothē	azothanga	ezingothanga	zingothanga
Class 11	lothile, lothē	olothile, olothē	lothile, lothē	alothanga	olungothanga	lungothanga
Class 14	bothile, bothē	obothile, obothē	bothile, bothē	abothanga	obungothanga	bungothanga
Class 15	kothile, kothē	okothile, okothē	kothile, kothē	akothanga	okungothanga	kungothanga
Class 17	kothile, kothē	okothile, okothē	kothile, kothē	akothanga	okungothanga	kungothanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngōtha	engōtha	ngōtha	angothanga	engingothanga	ngingothanga
2nd singular	wōtha	owōtha	wōtha	awothanga	ongothanga	ungothanga
1st plural	sōtha	esōtha	sōtha	asothanga	esingothanga	singothanga
2nd plural	nōtha	enōtha	nōtha	anothanga	eningothanga	ningothanga
Class 1	wōtha	owōtha	ōtha	akothanga	ongothanga	engothanga
Class 2	bōtha	abōtha	bōtha	abothanga	abangothanga	bengothanga
Class 3	wōtha	owōtha	wōtha	awothanga	ongothanga	ungothanga
Class 4	yōtha	eyōtha	yōtha	ayothanga	engothanga	ingothanga
Class 5	lōtha	elōtha	lōtha	alothanga	elingothanga	lingothanga
Class 6	ōtha	ōtha	ōtha	awothanga	angothanga	engothanga
Class 7	sōtha	esōtha	sōtha	asothanga	esingothanga	singothanga
Class 8	zōtha	ezōtha	zōtha	azothanga	ezingothanga	zingothanga
Class 9	yōtha	eyōtha	yōtha	ayothanga	engothanga	ingothanga
Class 10	zōtha	ezōtha	zōtha	azothanga	ezingothanga	zingothanga
Class 11	lōtha	olōtha	lōtha	alothanga	olungothanga	lungothanga
Class 14	bōtha	obōtha	bōtha	abothanga	obungothanga	bungothanga
Class 15	kōtha	okōtha	kōtha	akothanga	okungothanga	kungothanga
Class 17	kōtha	okōtha	kōtha	akothanga	okungothanga	kungothanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingotha	—	ngingotha	ngingothe	—	ngingothe
2nd singular	ungotha	—	ungotha	ungothe	—	ungothe
1st plural	singotha	—	singotha	singothe	—	singothe
2nd plural	ningotha	—	ningotha	ningothe	—	ningothe
Class 1	angotha	—	engotha	angothe	—	engothe
Class 2	bangotha	—	bengotha	bangothe	—	bengothe
Class 3	ungotha	—	ungotha	ungothe	—	ungothe
Class 4	ingotha	—	ingotha	ingothe	—	ingothe
Class 5	lingotha	—	lingotha	lingothe	—	lingothe
Class 6	angotha	—	engotha	angothe	—	engothe
Class 7	singotha	—	singotha	singothe	—	singothe
Class 8	zingotha	—	zingotha	zingothe	—	zingothe
Class 9	ingotha	—	ingotha	ingothe	—	ingothe
Class 10	zingotha	—	zingotha	zingothe	—	zingothe
Class 11	lungotha	—	lungotha	lungothe	—	lungothe
Class 14	bungotha	—	bungotha	bungothe	—	bungothe
Class 15	kungotha	—	kungotha	kungothe	—	kungothe
Class 17	kungotha	—	kungotha	kungothe	—	kungothe
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizokotha	engizokotha	ngizokotha	angizukotha	engingezukotha	ngingezukotha
2nd singular	uzokotha	ozokotha	uzokotha	awuzukotha	ongezukotha	ungezukotha
1st plural	sizokotha	esizokotha	sizokotha	asizukotha	esingezukotha	singezukotha
2nd plural	nizokotha	enizokotha	nizokotha	anizukotha	eningezukotha	ningezukotha
Class 1	uzokotha	ozokotha	ezokotha	akazukotha	ongezukotha	engezukotha
Class 2	bazokotha	abazokotha	bezokotha	abazukotha	abangezukotha	bengezukotha
Class 3	uzokotha	ozokotha	uzokotha	awuzukotha	ongezukotha	ungezukotha
Class 4	izokotha	ezokotha	izokotha	ayizukotha	engezukotha	ingezukotha
Class 5	lizokotha	elizokotha	lizokotha	alizukotha	elingezukotha	lingezukotha
Class 6	azokotha	azokotha	ezokotha	awazukotha	angezukotha	engezukotha
Class 7	sizokotha	esizokotha	sizokotha	asizukotha	esingezukotha	singezukotha
Class 8	zizokotha	ezizokotha	zizokotha	azizukotha	ezingezukotha	zingezukotha
Class 9	izokotha	ezokotha	izokotha	ayizukotha	engezukotha	ingezukotha
Class 10	zizokotha	ezizokotha	zizokotha	azizukotha	ezingezukotha	zingezukotha
Class 11	luzokotha	oluzokotha	luzokotha	aluzukotha	olungezukotha	lungezukotha
Class 14	buzokotha	obuzokotha	buzokotha	abuzukotha	obungezukotha	bungezukotha
Class 15	kuzokotha	okuzokotha	kuzokotha	akuzukotha	okungezukotha	kungezukotha
Class 17	kuzokotha	okuzokotha	kuzokotha	akuzukotha	okungezukotha	kungezukotha
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyokotha	engiyokotha	ngiyokotha	angiyukotha	engingeyukotha	ngingeyukotha
2nd singular	uyokotha	oyokotha	uyokotha	awuyukotha	ongeyukotha	ungeyukotha
1st plural	siyokotha	esiyokotha	siyokotha	asiyukotha	esingeyukotha	singeyukotha
2nd plural	niyokotha	eniyokotha	niyokotha	aniyukotha	eningeyukotha	ningeyukotha
Class 1	uyokotha	oyokotha	eyokotha	akayukotha	ongeyukotha	engeyukotha
Class 2	bayokotha	abayokotha	beyokotha	abayukotha	abangeyukotha	bengeyukotha
Class 3	uyokotha	oyokotha	uyokotha	awuyukotha	ongeyukotha	ungeyukotha
Class 4	iyokotha	eyokotha	iyokotha	ayiyukotha	engeyukotha	ingeyukotha
Class 5	liyokotha	eliyokotha	liyokotha	aliyukotha	elingeyukotha	lingeyukotha
Class 6	ayokotha	ayokotha	eyokotha	awayukotha	angeyukotha	engeyukotha
Class 7	siyokotha	esiyokotha	siyokotha	asiyukotha	esingeyukotha	singeyukotha
Class 8	ziyokotha	eziyokotha	ziyokotha	aziyukotha	ezingeyukotha	zingeyukotha
Class 9	iyokotha	eyokotha	iyokotha	ayiyukotha	engeyukotha	ingeyukotha
Class 10	ziyokotha	eziyokotha	ziyokotha	aziyukotha	ezingeyukotha	zingeyukotha
Class 11	luyokotha	oluyokotha	luyokotha	aluyukotha	olungeyukotha	lungeyukotha
Class 14	buyokotha	obuyokotha	buyokotha	abuyukotha	obungeyukotha	bungeyukotha
Class 15	kuyokotha	okuyokotha	kuyokotha	akuyukotha	okungeyukotha	kungeyukotha
Class 17	kuyokotha	okuyokotha	kuyokotha	akuyukotha	okungeyukotha	kungeyukotha
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngothe	ngingothi
2nd singular	wothe	ungothi
1st plural	sothe	singothi
2nd plural	nothe	ningothi
Class 1	othe	angothi
Class 2	bothe	bangothi
Class 3	wothe	ungothi
Class 4	yothe	ingothi
Class 5	lothe	lingothi
Class 6	othe	angothi
Class 7	sothe	singothi
Class 8	zothe	zingothi
Class 9	yothe	ingothi
Class 10	zothe	zingothi
Class 11	lothe	lungothi
Class 14	bothe	bungothi
Class 15	kothe	kungothi
Class 17	kothe	kungothi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngotha	ngangotha, angotha, angangotha
2nd singular	wotha	wangotha, awotha, awangotha
1st plural	sotha	sangotha, asotha, asangotha
2nd plural	notha	nangotha, anotha, anangotha
Class 1	wotha	wangotha, akotha, akangotha
Class 2	botha	bangotha, abotha, abangotha
Class 3	wotha	wangotha, awotha, awangotha
Class 4	yotha	yangotha, ayotha, ayangotha
Class 5	lotha	langotha, alotha, alangotha
Class 6	otha	angotha, awotha, awangotha
Class 7	sotha	sangotha, asotha, asangotha
Class 8	zotha	zangotha, azotha, azangotha
Class 9	yotha	yangotha, ayotha, ayangotha
Class 10	zotha	zangotha, azotha, azangotha
Class 11	lotha	lwangotha, alotha, alwangotha
Class 14	botha	bangotha, abotha, abangotha
Class 15	kotha	kwangotha, akotha, akwangotha
Class 17	kotha	kwangotha, akotha, akwangotha

Derived terms

-othela (applicative)
-othisa (causative)
-othayotha (diminutive)
-othisisa (intensive)
-otheka (neuter-passive)
-othiwa (passive)
-othana (reciprocal)

References

C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “otha”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “otha (6.3)”

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