mwt

Egyptian

Etymology 1

Likely a babble word in origin, like many of its Afroasiatic parallels.[1] Militarev and Stolbova derive it from a supposed Proto-Afroasiatic form instead, but also note it may be a nursery word.[2] If not, perhaps cognate with Proto-Semitic *ʔimm-.

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈmiʔwat/ → /ˈmiʔwaʔ/ → /ˈmeʔwə/ → /ˈmeʔw/

Noun
mwttB1

 f

  1. mother
    • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.11–1.12:
      xrrM6nDs
      n      		 HrZ1rd
      f      		 AG42Y1ibZ1
      imAAmiAmY1
      n      		 fkAhsE21A24rmwtt B1
      f
      ḫr (tw)r n(j) ḥr r dfꜣ jb jmꜣ n.f kꜣhs r mwt.f
      One who is averted of face against feeding the heart (i.e. one who doesn’t indulge himself), the harsh man has to be more kindly to him than his (own) mother.
Inflection
Declension of mwt (feminine)
singular mwt
dual mwtj
plural mwwt
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of mwt  
mwt
D52
t		 B1
D38
t		 B1
mD38
t		 B1
mwt mt mjt mjt
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Demotic: mwt
    • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲙⲟ (mo), ⲙⲱ (mō)
    • Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲁⲩ (mau)
    • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲙⲉⲉⲩ (meeu), ⲙⲉⲟⲩ (meou), ⲙⲏⲟⲩ (mēou)
    • Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲙⲉⲉⲩ (meeu)
    • Old Coptic: ⲙⲉⲟⲩ (meou)
    • Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲁⲁⲩ (maau), ⲙⲁⲩ (mau)

Proper noun
t G15
nb
Mwt, Luxor, c.1279-1213 BC
t G15
nb

 f

  1. (Egyptian mythology) the primordial waters [Old Kingdom]
  2. Mut, the vulture goddess worshipped as part of the Theban Triad
Derived terms
Descendants

(Possibly:)

  • → Meroitic: 𐦨𐦴 (mt /⁠mata⁠/)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Afroasiatic *mawVt- (“to die, to kill”). Cognate with Proto-Semitic *mawut-, Central Atlas Tamazight ⵎⵎⵜ (mmt) and Hausa mutù.

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈmaːwat/ → /ˈmaːjaʔ/ → /ˈmaːʔə/ → /ˈmoːʔ/

Verb
mtw

 3-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to die
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 122–123:
      SmmD54
      k      		 Hn
      a      		 sn
      Z2      		 rXn
      n      		 nwwprmt
      Z6      		 kmniwt
      t Z1      		 k
      šm.k ḥnꜥ.sn r ẖnw m(w)t.k m nwt.k
      You will go home with them, and you will die in your (own) town.
  2. (intransitive, figuratively, of ships) to sink
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 37–39:
      aHaa
      n      		 d
      p      		 t
      P1      		 mt
      Z6      		 n
      t      		 tyw
      Z2      		 imsD35
      z      		 p
      zp      		 wa
      a      		 A1Z1im
      ꜥḥꜥ.n dpt m(w)t(.tj) ntjw jm.s nj zp wꜥ jm
      Then the boat died, and of those in it, not one of them survived.
  3. (intransitive, figuratively) to die inside, to despair
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 131–132:
      aHaa
      n      		 A1mt
      Z6      		 kWA1nsn
      Z2      		 gmmn&A1 stmXAAiitAa2
      Z2ss      		 waa
      t Z1
      ꜥḥꜥ.n.j m(w)t.kw n.sn gm.n.j st m ẖꜣyt wꜥt
      Then I died for them, having found them as a single heap of corpses.
Inflection
Conjugation of mwt (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: mwt, geminated stem: mwtt
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
mwt
 mwtw, mwt
 mwtt
 mwt
 mwt
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
mwt
 ḥr mwt
 m mwt
 r mwt
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect mwt.n
 consecutive mwt.jn
terminative mwtt
perfective3 mwt
 obligative1 mwt.ḫr
imperfective mwt
prospective3 mwt
 potentialis1 mwt.kꜣ
subjunctive mwt
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect mwt.n
 — —
perfective mwt
 mwt
 mwt, mwtw5, mwty5
imperfective mwt, mwty, mwtw5
 mwt, mwtj6, mwty6
 mwt, mwtw5
prospective mwt, mwttj7
 mwttj4, mwtt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of mwt  
mt
A14
mt
Z6
mt mt
Descendants

Noun
mtw

 m

  1. death
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of mwt  
mt
A14
mt
Z6
mt mt
Descendants
  • Demotic: mwt
    • Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩ (mou) (Akhmimic, Bohairic, Fayyumic, Lycopolitan, Old Coptic, Sahidic)

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Noun
mwtt
O39

 f

  1. (physics) weight
Inflection
Declension of mwt (feminine)
singular mwt
dual mwtj
plural mwwt

References
  • Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 97
  • Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
  1. Takács, Gábor (2007) Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian, volume 3, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 193–195, →ISBN
  2. Militarev, Alexander and Stolbova, Olga (2007) “*ˀVma/*ma(y)”, in Afroasiatic etymology database at StarLing‎
  3. Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 245: “*/ˈmeʔwat/”
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