machina

French

Pronunciation

Verb

machina

  1. third-person singular past historic of machiner

Italian

Noun

machina f (plural machine)

  1. (archaic or dialectal) Alternative form of macchina

Latin

Etymology

Borrowed from Doric Greek μᾱχανᾱ́ (mākhanā́, machine, tool) (compare Attic Greek μηχανή (mēkhanḗ)). Apparently a rather early borrowing, considering the vowel reduction of unstressed /a/ to /ĭ/.

Pronunciation

Noun

māchina f (genitive māchinae); first declension

  1. machine
    • specifically, a war machine, military engine, siege engine
      • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.45–48:
        “Aut hoc inclūsī lignō occultantur Achīvī,
        aut haec in nostrōs fabricāta est māchina mūrōs,
        īnspectūra domōs ventūraque dēsuper urbī,
        aut aliquis latet error [...].”
        “Either the Grecian [warriors], having enclosed [themselves] in this wood[en horse], are hiding [there], or else they have built a [war] machine [for use] against our walls, to watch [our] homes and reach [our] city from above, or it conceals some other deception [...].” – Laocoön
        (See: Roman siege engines.)
  2. scheme, plan, machination
  3. mill[1]

Declension

First-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative māchina māchinae
Genitive māchinae māchinārum
Dative māchinae māchinīs
Accusative māchinam māchinās
Ablative māchinā māchinīs
Vocative māchina māchinae

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Dalmatian: mucna
  • Italian: macina
    Tuscan: maina (Lucca)
  • Lombard: masna (Alpine)
  • Sardinian: maghina

Learned borrowings:

  • Albanian: makinë
  • Arabic: ماكينة (mākīna)
    • Central Kurdish: مەکینە (mekîne)
  • Asturian: máquina
  • Catalan: màquina
  • Egyptian Arabic: مكنة (makana)
  • Friulian: màchine
  • Galician: máquina
  • Hebrew: מכונה (mkhoná)
  • Hijazi Arabic: مَكِينَة (makīna)
  • Italian: macchina, machina
    • Amharic: መኪና (mäkina)
    • Ottoman Turkish: ماكینه (makina), ماكنه (makina)
      • Turkish: makine
      • Armenian: մաքինա (makʻina)
    • Slavomolisano: magina
  • Middle French: machine
    • French: machine (see there for further descendants)
    • English: machine (see there for further descendants)
  • Norman: machinne
  • Occitan: maquina
  • Polish: machina
  • Portuguese: máquina
  • Romansch: maschina, maschegna
  • Sicilian: màchina
  • Spanish: máquina (see there for further descendants)

References

  1. Adams, J. N. (2007) The regional diversification of Latin, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 486

Further reading

  • machina”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • machina”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • machina in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • machina in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • machina in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700, pre-publication website, 2005-2016

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin māchina, from Doric Ancient Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́). Doublet of maszyna (machine).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /maˈxi.na/
  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -ina
  • Syllabification: ma‧chi‧na

Noun

machina f

  1. heavy machinery
  2. complex system
  3. (archaic) machine
    Synonym: maszyna

Declension

Further reading

  • machina in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • machina in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Noun

machina f (plural machinas)

  1. Pre-reform spelling (until Brazil 1943/Portugal 1911) of máquina.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.