lobola

English

Etymology

From Xhosa lobola, Zulu lobola (“pay dowry”).

Pronunciation
  • (UK) IPA(key): /ˈləʊbələ/

Noun

lobola (countable and uncountable, plural lobolas)

  1. (South Africa) The bride price among certain Bantu peoples of South Africa.
    • 1901 June 21, “The Rinderpest Outbreak”, in The Agricultural Journal and Mining Record‎, volume 4, number 8:
      The cattle of the second kaffir had been obtained from the first kaffir as lobola; all (three) have died from the disease.
    • 1948, Alan Paton, chapter 33, in Cry, the Beloved Country‎, New York: Scribner, page 253:
      Some must give up their ground for trees, and some for pastures. And hardest of all would be the custom of lobola, by which a man pays for his wife in cattle, for people kept too many cattle for this purpose, and counted all their wealth in cattle, so that the grass had no chance to recover.
    • 1979, André Brink, A Dry White Season, Vintage, published 1998, page 38:
      All the money he'd brought with him had gone into lobola – the dowry for a wife […].
    • 1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela, London: Abacus, published 2010, page 213:
      My sister Baliwe, who was older than Mabel, had been engaged to be married, and lobola had already been paid.

Translations

Afrikaans

Pronunciation
  • Audio(file)

Noun

lobola

  1. Alternative spelling of lobôla

Zulu

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-lobóla

  1. (intransitive) to pay the bride price

Inflection
Tone H
Infinitive ukulobola
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukulobola ukungaloboli
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular lobola -lobole
Plural lobolani -loboleni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyalobola, ngilobola engilobolayo, engilobola ngilobola angiloboli engingaloboli ngingaloboli
2nd singular uyalobola, ulobola olobolayo, olobola ulobola awuloboli ongaloboli ungaloboli
1st plural siyalobola, silobola esilobolayo, esilobola silobola asiloboli esingaloboli singaloboli
2nd plural niyalobola, nilobola enilobolayo, enilobola nilobola aniloboli eningaloboli ningaloboli
Class 1 uyalobola, ulobola olobolayo, olobola elobola akaloboli ongaloboli engaloboli
Class 2 bayalobola, balobola abalobolayo, abalobola belobola abaloboli abangaloboli bengaloboli
Class 3 uyalobola, ulobola olobolayo, olobola ulobola awuloboli ongaloboli ungaloboli
Class 4 iyalobola, ilobola elobolayo, elobola ilobola ayiloboli engaloboli ingaloboli
Class 5 liyalobola, lilobola elilobolayo, elilobola lilobola aliloboli elingaloboli lingaloboli
Class 6 ayalobola, alobola alobolayo, alobola elobola awaloboli angaloboli engaloboli
Class 7 siyalobola, silobola esilobolayo, esilobola silobola asiloboli esingaloboli singaloboli
Class 8 ziyalobola, zilobola ezilobolayo, ezilobola zilobola aziloboli ezingaloboli zingaloboli
Class 9 iyalobola, ilobola elobolayo, elobola ilobola ayiloboli engaloboli ingaloboli
Class 10 ziyalobola, zilobola ezilobolayo, ezilobola zilobola aziloboli ezingaloboli zingaloboli
Class 11 luyalobola, lulobola olulobolayo, olulobola lulobola aluloboli olungaloboli lungaloboli
Class 14 buyalobola, bulobola obulobolayo, obulobola bulobola abuloboli obungaloboli bungaloboli
Class 15 kuyalobola, kulobola okulobolayo, okulobola kulobola akuloboli okungaloboli kungaloboli
Class 17 kuyalobola, kulobola okulobolayo, okulobola kulobola akuloboli okungaloboli kungaloboli
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngilobolile, ngilobolē engilobolile, engilobolē ngilobolile, ngilobolē angilobolanga engingalobolanga ngingalobolanga
2nd singular ulobolile, ulobolē olobolile, olobolē ulobolile, ulobolē awulobolanga ongalobolanga ungalobolanga
1st plural silobolile, silobolē esilobolile, esilobolē silobolile, silobolē asilobolanga esingalobolanga singalobolanga
2nd plural nilobolile, nilobolē enilobolile, enilobolē nilobolile, nilobolē anilobolanga eningalobolanga ningalobolanga
Class 1 ulobolile, ulobolē olobolile, olobolē elobolile, elobolē akalobolanga ongalobolanga engalobolanga
Class 2 balobolile, balobolē abalobolile, abalobolē belobolile, belobolē abalobolanga abangalobolanga bengalobolanga
Class 3 ulobolile, ulobolē olobolile, olobolē ulobolile, ulobolē awulobolanga ongalobolanga ungalobolanga
Class 4 ilobolile, ilobolē elobolile, elobolē ilobolile, ilobolē ayilobolanga engalobolanga ingalobolanga
Class 5 lilobolile, lilobolē elilobolile, elilobolē lilobolile, lilobolē alilobolanga elingalobolanga lingalobolanga
Class 6 alobolile, alobolē alobolile, alobolē elobolile, elobolē awalobolanga angalobolanga engalobolanga
Class 7 silobolile, silobolē esilobolile, esilobolē silobolile, silobolē asilobolanga esingalobolanga singalobolanga
Class 8 zilobolile, zilobolē ezilobolile, ezilobolē zilobolile, zilobolē azilobolanga ezingalobolanga zingalobolanga
Class 9 ilobolile, ilobolē elobolile, elobolē ilobolile, ilobolē ayilobolanga engalobolanga ingalobolanga
Class 10 zilobolile, zilobolē ezilobolile, ezilobolē zilobolile, zilobolē azilobolanga ezingalobolanga zingalobolanga
Class 11 lulobolile, lulobolē olulobolile, olulobolē lulobolile, lulobolē alulobolanga olungalobolanga lungalobolanga
Class 14 bulobolile, bulobolē obulobolile, obulobolē bulobolile, bulobolē abulobolanga obungalobolanga bungalobolanga
Class 15 kulobolile, kulobolē okulobolile, okulobolē kulobolile, kulobolē akulobolanga okungalobolanga kungalobolanga
Class 17 kulobolile, kulobolē okulobolile, okulobolē kulobolile, kulobolē akulobolanga okungalobolanga kungalobolanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngālobola engālobola ngālobola angilobolanga engingalobolanga ngingalobolanga
2nd singular wālobola owālobola wālobola awulobolanga ongalobolanga ungalobolanga
1st plural sālobola esālobola sālobola asilobolanga esingalobolanga singalobolanga
2nd plural nālobola enālobola nālobola anilobolanga eningalobolanga ningalobolanga
Class 1 wālobola owālobola ālobola akalobolanga ongalobolanga engalobolanga
Class 2 bālobola abālobola bālobola abalobolanga abangalobolanga bengalobolanga
Class 3 wālobola owālobola wālobola awulobolanga ongalobolanga ungalobolanga
Class 4 yālobola eyālobola yālobola ayilobolanga engalobolanga ingalobolanga
Class 5 lālobola elālobola lālobola alilobolanga elingalobolanga lingalobolanga
Class 6 ālobola ālobola ālobola awalobolanga angalobolanga engalobolanga
Class 7 sālobola esālobola sālobola asilobolanga esingalobolanga singalobolanga
Class 8 zālobola ezālobola zālobola azilobolanga ezingalobolanga zingalobolanga
Class 9 yālobola eyālobola yālobola ayilobolanga engalobolanga ingalobolanga
Class 10 zālobola ezālobola zālobola azilobolanga ezingalobolanga zingalobolanga
Class 11 lwālobola olwālobola lwālobola alulobolanga olungalobolanga lungalobolanga
Class 14 bālobola obālobola bālobola abulobolanga obungalobolanga bungalobolanga
Class 15 kwālobola okwālobola kwālobola akulobolanga okungalobolanga kungalobolanga
Class 17 kwālobola okwālobola kwālobola akulobolanga okungalobolanga kungalobolanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingalobola — ngingalobola ngingelobole — ngingelobole
2nd singular ungalobola — ungalobola ungelobole — ungelobole
1st plural singalobola — singalobola singelobole — singelobole
2nd plural ningalobola — ningalobola ningelobole — ningelobole
Class 1 angalobola — engalobola angelobole — engelobole
Class 2 bangalobola — bengalobola bangelobole — bengelobole
Class 3 ungalobola — ungalobola ungelobole — ungelobole
Class 4 ingalobola — ingalobola ingelobole — ingelobole
Class 5 lingalobola — lingalobola lingelobole — lingelobole
Class 6 angalobola — engalobola angelobole — engelobole
Class 7 singalobola — singalobola singelobole — singelobole
Class 8 zingalobola — zingalobola zingelobole — zingelobole
Class 9 ingalobola — ingalobola ingelobole — ingelobole
Class 10 zingalobola — zingalobola zingelobole — zingelobole
Class 11 lungalobola — lungalobola lungelobole — lungelobole
Class 14 bungalobola — bungalobola bungelobole — bungelobole
Class 15 kungalobola — kungalobola kungelobole — kungelobole
Class 17 kungalobola — kungalobola kungelobole — kungelobole
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizolobola engizolobola ngizolobola angizulobola engingezulobola ngingezulobola
2nd singular uzolobola ozolobola uzolobola awuzulobola ongezulobola ungezulobola
1st plural sizolobola esizolobola sizolobola asizulobola esingezulobola singezulobola
2nd plural nizolobola enizolobola nizolobola anizulobola eningezulobola ningezulobola
Class 1 uzolobola ozolobola ezolobola akazulobola ongezulobola engezulobola
Class 2 bazolobola abazolobola bezolobola abazulobola abangezulobola bengezulobola
Class 3 uzolobola ozolobola uzolobola awuzulobola ongezulobola ungezulobola
Class 4 izolobola ezolobola izolobola ayizulobola engezulobola ingezulobola
Class 5 lizolobola elizolobola lizolobola alizulobola elingezulobola lingezulobola
Class 6 azolobola azolobola ezolobola awazulobola angezulobola engezulobola
Class 7 sizolobola esizolobola sizolobola asizulobola esingezulobola singezulobola
Class 8 zizolobola ezizolobola zizolobola azizulobola ezingezulobola zingezulobola
Class 9 izolobola ezolobola izolobola ayizulobola engezulobola ingezulobola
Class 10 zizolobola ezizolobola zizolobola azizulobola ezingezulobola zingezulobola
Class 11 luzolobola oluzolobola luzolobola aluzulobola olungezulobola lungezulobola
Class 14 buzolobola obuzolobola buzolobola abuzulobola obungezulobola bungezulobola
Class 15 kuzolobola okuzolobola kuzolobola akuzulobola okungezulobola kungezulobola
Class 17 kuzolobola okuzolobola kuzolobola akuzulobola okungezulobola kungezulobola
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyolobola engiyolobola ngiyolobola angiyulobola engingeyulobola ngingeyulobola
2nd singular uyolobola oyolobola uyolobola awuyulobola ongeyulobola ungeyulobola
1st plural siyolobola esiyolobola siyolobola asiyulobola esingeyulobola singeyulobola
2nd plural niyolobola eniyolobola niyolobola aniyulobola eningeyulobola ningeyulobola
Class 1 uyolobola oyolobola eyolobola akayulobola ongeyulobola engeyulobola
Class 2 bayolobola abayolobola beyolobola abayulobola abangeyulobola bengeyulobola
Class 3 uyolobola oyolobola uyolobola awuyulobola ongeyulobola ungeyulobola
Class 4 iyolobola eyolobola iyolobola ayiyulobola engeyulobola ingeyulobola
Class 5 liyolobola eliyolobola liyolobola aliyulobola elingeyulobola lingeyulobola
Class 6 ayolobola ayolobola eyolobola awayulobola angeyulobola engeyulobola
Class 7 siyolobola esiyolobola siyolobola asiyulobola esingeyulobola singeyulobola
Class 8 ziyolobola eziyolobola ziyolobola aziyulobola ezingeyulobola zingeyulobola
Class 9 iyolobola eyolobola iyolobola ayiyulobola engeyulobola ingeyulobola
Class 10 ziyolobola eziyolobola ziyolobola aziyulobola ezingeyulobola zingeyulobola
Class 11 luyolobola oluyolobola luyolobola aluyulobola olungeyulobola lungeyulobola
Class 14 buyolobola obuyolobola buyolobola abuyulobola obungeyulobola bungeyulobola
Class 15 kuyolobola okuyolobola kuyolobola akuyulobola okungeyulobola kungeyulobola
Class 17 kuyolobola okuyolobola kuyolobola akuyulobola okungeyulobola kungeyulobola
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngilobole ngingaloboli
2nd singular ulobole ungaloboli
1st plural silobole singaloboli
2nd plural nilobole ningaloboli
Class 1 alobole angaloboli
Class 2 balobole bangaloboli
Class 3 ulobole ungaloboli
Class 4 ilobole ingaloboli
Class 5 lilobole lingaloboli
Class 6 alobole angaloboli
Class 7 silobole singaloboli
Class 8 zilobole zingaloboli
Class 9 ilobole ingaloboli
Class 10 zilobole zingaloboli
Class 11 lulobole lungaloboli
Class 14 bulobole bungaloboli
Class 15 kulobole kungaloboli
Class 17 kulobole kungaloboli
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngalobola ngangalobola, angalobola, angangalobola
2nd singular walobola wangalobola, awalobola, awangalobola
1st plural salobola sangalobola, asalobola, asangalobola
2nd plural nalobola nangalobola, analobola, anangalobola
Class 1 walobola wangalobola, akalobola, akangalobola
Class 2 balobola bangalobola, abalobola, abangalobola
Class 3 walobola wangalobola, awalobola, awangalobola
Class 4 yalobola yangalobola, ayalobola, ayangalobola
Class 5 lalobola langalobola, alalobola, alangalobola
Class 6 alobola angalobola, awalobola, awangalobola
Class 7 salobola sangalobola, asalobola, asangalobola
Class 8 zalobola zangalobola, azalobola, azangalobola
Class 9 yalobola yangalobola, ayalobola, ayangalobola
Class 10 zalobola zangalobola, azalobola, azangalobola
Class 11 lwalobola lwangalobola, alwalobola, alwangalobola
Class 14 balobola bangalobola, abalobola, abangalobola
Class 15 kwalobola kwangalobola, akwalobola, akwangalobola
Class 17 kwalobola kwangalobola, akwalobola, akwangalobola

Derived terms

References
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