kyetä
Finnish
Etymology
kyk- + -etä. The root is of unknown origin, but shared with kyky. Cognate with Ingrian kyetä and Karelian kyvetä, which may both be borrowed from Finnish.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkyetæˣ/, [ˈk̟ye̞t̪æ(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -yetæ
- Syllabification(key): ky‧e‧tä
Verb
kyetä
- (auxiliary or intransitive) to be able to, be capable of, can, be competent at (+ illative (of the third infinitive))
- Kykeneekö kuka tahansa istumaan?
- Is any person capable of sitting?
- Kykenikö hän kävelemään onnettomuuden jälkeen?
- Was she able to walk after the accident?
Usage notes
- The past forms of voida are in positive sentences very often replaced with the respective forms of the verb kyetä or pystyä, since they are identical to the present forms:
- Voin nauraa. (present positive)
- I can laugh.
- En voinut nauraa. (past negative)
- I could not laugh.
- Voin nauraa. → Kykenin nauramaan. (past positive)
- I could laugh.
Conjugation
| Inflection of kyetä (Kotus type 72*D/vanheta, k-∅ gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | kykenen | en kykene | 1st sing. | olen kyennyt | en ole kyennyt | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | kykenet | et kykene | 2nd sing. | olet kyennyt | et ole kyennyt | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | kykenee | ei kykene | 3rd sing. | on kyennyt | ei ole kyennyt | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | kykenemme | emme kykene | 1st plur. | olemme kyenneet | emme ole kyenneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | kykenette | ette kykene | 2nd plur. | olette kyenneet | ette ole kyenneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | kykenevät | eivät kykene | 3rd plur. | ovat kyenneet | eivät ole kyenneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | kyetään | ei kyetä | passive | on kyetty | ei ole kyetty | ||||||||||||||||
| past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | kykenin | en kyennyt | 1st sing. | olin kyennyt | en ollut kyennyt | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | kykenit | et kyennyt | 2nd sing. | olit kyennyt | et ollut kyennyt | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | kykeni | ei kyennyt | 3rd sing. | oli kyennyt | ei ollut kyennyt | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | kykenimme | emme kyenneet | 1st plur. | olimme kyenneet | emme olleet kyenneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | kykenitte | ette kyenneet | 2nd plur. | olitte kyenneet | ette olleet kyenneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | kykenivät | eivät kyenneet | 3rd plur. | olivat kyenneet | eivät olleet kyenneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | kyettiin | ei kyetty | passive | oli kyetty | ei ollut kyetty | ||||||||||||||||
| conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | kykenisin | en kykenisi | 1st sing. | olisin kyennyt | en olisi kyennyt | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | kykenisit | et kykenisi | 2nd sing. | olisit kyennyt | et olisi kyennyt | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | kykenisi | ei kykenisi | 3rd sing. | olisi kyennyt | ei olisi kyennyt | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | kykenisimme | emme kykenisi | 1st plur. | olisimme kyenneet | emme olisi kyenneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | kykenisitte | ette kykenisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte kyenneet | ette olisi kyenneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | kykenisivät | eivät kykenisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat kyenneet | eivät olisi kyenneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | kyettäisiin | ei kyettäisi | passive | olisi kyetty | ei olisi kyetty | ||||||||||||||||
| imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | kykene | älä kykene | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | kyetköön | älköön kyetkö | 3rd sing. | olkoon kyennyt | älköön olko kyennyt | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | kyetkäämme | älkäämme kyetkö | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | kyetkää | älkää kyetkö | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | kyetkööt | älkööt kyetkö | 3rd plur. | olkoot kyenneet | älkööt olko kyenneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | kyettäköön | älköön kyettäkö | passive | olkoon kyetty | älköön olko kyetty | ||||||||||||||||
| potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | kyennen | en kyenne | 1st sing. | lienen kyennyt | en liene kyennyt | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | kyennet | et kyenne | 2nd sing. | lienet kyennyt | et liene kyennyt | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | kyennee | ei kyenne | 3rd sing. | lienee kyennyt | ei liene kyennyt | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | kyennemme | emme kyenne | 1st plur. | lienemme kyenneet | emme liene kyenneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | kyennette | ette kyenne | 2nd plur. | lienette kyenneet | ette liene kyenneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | kyennevät | eivät kyenne | 3rd plur. | lienevät kyenneet | eivät liene kyenneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | kyettäneen | ei kyettäne | passive | lienee kyetty | ei liene kyetty | ||||||||||||||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
| infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1st | kyetä | present | kykenevä | kyettävä | |||||||||||||||||
| long 1st1 |
|
past | kyennyt | kyetty | |||||||||||||||||
| 2nd | inessive2 | kyetessä | kyettäessä | agent3 | kykenemä | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | kykenemätön | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | kyeten | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd | inessive | kykenemässä | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| elative | kykenemästä | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| illative | kykenemään | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| adessive | kykenemällä | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| abessive | kykenemättä | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | kykenemän | kyettämän | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4th4 | verbal noun | kykeneminen | |||||||||||||||||||
| 5th1 |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms
- (be able to, be capable of, can): pystyä
Further reading
- “kyetä”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
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