kotor
See also: Kotor
Batuley
Etymology
Borrowed from Indonesian kotor.
References
- Daigle (2015). Cited in: "Batuley" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin
References
- William McGregor (2004) The Languages of the Kimberley, Western Australia (in Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin), Taylor & Francis
Hungarian
Etymology
From an onomatopoeic (sound-imitative) root + -r (frequentative suffix).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈkotor]
- Hyphenation: ko‧tor
- Rhymes: -or
Verb
kotor
Conjugation
conjugation of kotor
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | kotrok | kotorsz | kotor | kotrunk | kotortok | kotornak | |
Def. | kotrom | kotrod | kotorja | kotorjuk | kotorjátok | kotorják | |||
2nd-p. o. | kotorlak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | kotortam | kotortál | kotort | kotortunk | kotortatok | kotortak | ||
Def. | kotortam | kotortad | kotorta | kotortuk | kotortátok | kotorták | |||
2nd-p. o. | kotortalak | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. kotorni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | kotrék | kotrál | kotra | kotránk | kotrátok | kotrának | ||
Def. | kotrám | kotrád | kotrá | kotránk | kotrátok | kotrák | |||
2nd-p. o. | kotrálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. kotor vala, kotort vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | kotrandok | kotrandasz | kotrand | kotrandunk | kotrandotok | kotrandanak | ||
Def. | kotrandom | kotrandod | kotrandja | kotrandjuk | kotrandjátok | kotrandják | |||
2nd-p. o. | kotrandalak | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | kotornék | kotornál | kotorna | kotornánk | kotornátok | kotornának | |
Def. | kotornám | kotornád | kotorná | kotornánk (or kotornók) |
kotornátok | kotornák | |||
2nd-p. o. | kotornálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. kotort volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | kotorjak | kotorj or kotorjál |
kotorjon | kotorjunk | kotorjatok | kotorjanak | |
Def. | kotorjam | kotord or kotorjad |
kotorja | kotorjuk | kotorjátok | kotorják | |||
2nd-p. o. | kotorjalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. kotort légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | kotorni | kotornom | kotornod | kotornia | kotornunk | kotornotok | kotorniuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
kotrás | kotró | kotort | kotrandó | kotorva (kotorván) | kotortat | ||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
potential conjugation of kotor
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | kotorhatok | kotorhatsz | kotorhat | kotorhatunk | kotorhattok | kotorhatnak | |
Def. | kotorhatom | kotorhatod | kotorhatja | kotorhatjuk | kotorhatjátok | kotorhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | kotorhatlak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | kotorhattam | kotorhattál | kotorhatott | kotorhattunk | kotorhattatok | kotorhattak | ||
Def. | kotorhattam | kotorhattad | kotorhatta | kotorhattuk | kotorhattátok | kotorhatták | |||
2nd-p. o. | kotorhattalak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | kotorhaték | kotorhatál | kotorhata | kotorhatánk | kotorhatátok | kotorhatának | ||
Def. | kotorhatám | kotorhatád | kotorhatá | kotorhatánk | kotorhatátok | kotorhaták | |||
2nd-p. o. | kotorhatálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. kotorhat vala, kotorhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | kotorhatandok or kotrandhatok |
kotorhatandasz or kotrandhatsz |
kotorhatand or kotrandhat |
kotorhatandunk or kotrandhatunk |
kotorhatandotok or kotrandhattok |
kotorhatandanak or kotrandhatnak | ||
Def. | kotorhatandom or kotrandhatom |
kotorhatandod or kotrandhatod |
kotorhatandja or kotrandhatja |
kotorhatandjuk or kotrandhatjuk |
kotorhatandjátok or kotrandhatjátok |
kotorhatandják or kotrandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | kotorhatandalak or kotrandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | kotorhatnék | kotorhatnál | kotorhatna | kotorhatnánk | kotorhatnátok | kotorhatnának | |
Def. | kotorhatnám | kotorhatnád | kotorhatná | kotorhatnánk (or kotorhatnók) |
kotorhatnátok | kotorhatnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | kotorhatnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. kotorhatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | kotorhassak | kotorhass or kotorhassál |
kotorhasson | kotorhassunk | kotorhassatok | kotorhassanak | |
Def. | kotorhassam | kotorhasd or kotorhassad |
kotorhassa | kotorhassuk | kotorhassátok | kotorhassák | |||
2nd-p. o. | kotorhassalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. kotorhatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (kotorhatni) | (kotorhatnom) | (kotorhatnod) | (kotorhatnia) | (kotorhatnunk) | (kotorhatnotok) | (kotorhatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | kotorható | Neg. adj. | kotorhatatlan | Adv. part. | (kotorhatva / kotorhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
- kotorászik
- kotorék
- kotrás
- kotródik
(With verbal prefixes):
- belekotor
- előkotor
- felkotor
- kikotor
- megkotor
- összekotor
- szétkotor
- végigkotor
References
- kotor in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
- kotor in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Indonesian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kotor/
- Hyphenation: ko‧tor
Further reading
- “kotor” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Malay
Pronunciation
- (Johor-Selangor) IPA(key): /koto(r)/
- (Riau-Lingga) IPA(key): /kotʊ(r)/
- Rhymes: -oto(r), -to(r), -o(r)
Synonyms
- cemar
- kumuh
Descendants
- Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin: kotor
Further reading
- “kotor” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Maltese
Root |
---|
k-t-r |
7 terms |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkɔ.tɔr/
Verb
kotor (imperfect joktor, verbal noun ktir)
Romani
Etymology
Borrowed from Old Armenian կոտոր (kotor).[1]
References
- Boretzky, Norbert, Igla, Birgit (1994) “kotór”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 149a
- Marcel Courthiade (2009) “o kotor, -es- m. -a, -en-”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 204b
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