kostua
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *kostudak, reflexive derivative kostaa + -ua, originally meaning "to return" (intr.). The modern meaning is a result of contamination by the unrelated word kastua (“to get wet”), seemingly via an intermediate meaning "to return to usable condition by moistening" said of e.g. leather or wooden tools or dry bread.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkostuɑˣ/, [ˈko̞s̠tuɑ̝(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -ostuɑ
- Syllabification(key): kos‧tu‧a
Verb
kostua
Conjugation
Inflection of kostua (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kostun | en kostu | 1st sing. | olen kostunut | en ole kostunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kostut | et kostu | 2nd sing. | olet kostunut | et ole kostunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kostuu | ei kostu | 3rd sing. | on kostunut | ei ole kostunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kostumme | emme kostu | 1st plur. | olemme kostuneet | emme ole kostuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kostutte | ette kostu | 2nd plur. | olette kostuneet | ette ole kostuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kostuvat | eivät kostu | 3rd plur. | ovat kostuneet | eivät ole kostuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kostutaan | ei kostuta | passive | on kostuttu | ei ole kostuttu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kostuin | en kostunut | 1st sing. | olin kostunut | en ollut kostunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kostuit | et kostunut | 2nd sing. | olit kostunut | et ollut kostunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kostui | ei kostunut | 3rd sing. | oli kostunut | ei ollut kostunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kostuimme | emme kostuneet | 1st plur. | olimme kostuneet | emme olleet kostuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kostuitte | ette kostuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte kostuneet | ette olleet kostuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kostuivat | eivät kostuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat kostuneet | eivät olleet kostuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kostuttiin | ei kostuttu | passive | oli kostuttu | ei ollut kostuttu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kostuisin | en kostuisi | 1st sing. | olisin kostunut | en olisi kostunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kostuisit | et kostuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit kostunut | et olisi kostunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kostuisi | ei kostuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi kostunut | ei olisi kostunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kostuisimme | emme kostuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme kostuneet | emme olisi kostuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kostuisitte | ette kostuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte kostuneet | ette olisi kostuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kostuisivat | eivät kostuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat kostuneet | eivät olisi kostuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kostuttaisiin | ei kostuttaisi | passive | olisi kostuttu | ei olisi kostuttu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kostu | älä kostu | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kostukoon | älköön kostuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon kostunut | älköön olko kostunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kostukaamme | älkäämme kostuko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kostukaa | älkää kostuko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kostukoot | älkööt kostuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot kostuneet | älkööt olko kostuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kostuttakoon | älköön kostuttako | passive | olkoon kostuttu | älköön olko kostuttu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kostunen | en kostune | 1st sing. | lienen kostunut | en liene kostunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kostunet | et kostune | 2nd sing. | lienet kostunut | et liene kostunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kostunee | ei kostune | 3rd sing. | lienee kostunut | ei liene kostunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kostunemme | emme kostune | 1st plur. | lienemme kostuneet | emme liene kostuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kostunette | ette kostune | 2nd plur. | lienette kostuneet | ette liene kostuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kostunevat | eivät kostune | 3rd plur. | lienevät kostuneet | eivät liene kostuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kostuttaneen | ei kostuttane | passive | lienee kostuttu | ei liene kostuttu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | kostua | present | kostuva | kostuttava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
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past | kostunut | kostuttu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | kostuessa | kostuttaessa | agent3 | kostuma | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | kostumaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | kostuen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | kostumassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | kostumasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | kostumaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | kostumalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | kostumatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | kostuman | kostuttaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th4 | verbal noun | kostuminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
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Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “kostua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
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