kitkeä
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *kickedäk, from Proto-Finno-Permic *kičke-. Cognate with Erzya кочкомс (kočkoms, “to root out”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkitkeæˣ/, [ˈk̟it̪k̟e̞æ(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -itkeæ
- Syllabification(key): kit‧ke‧ä
Conjugation
| Inflection of kitkeä (Kotus type 58/laskea, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | kitken | en kitke | 1st sing. | olen kitkenyt | en ole kitkenyt | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | kitket | et kitke | 2nd sing. | olet kitkenyt | et ole kitkenyt | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | kitkee | ei kitke | 3rd sing. | on kitkenyt | ei ole kitkenyt | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | kitkemme | emme kitke | 1st plur. | olemme kitkeneet | emme ole kitkeneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | kitkette | ette kitke | 2nd plur. | olette kitkeneet | ette ole kitkeneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | kitkevät | eivät kitke | 3rd plur. | ovat kitkeneet | eivät ole kitkeneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | kitketään | ei kitketä | passive | on kitketty | ei ole kitketty | ||||||||||||||||
| past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | kitkin | en kitkenyt | 1st sing. | olin kitkenyt | en ollut kitkenyt | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | kitkit | et kitkenyt | 2nd sing. | olit kitkenyt | et ollut kitkenyt | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | kitki | ei kitkenyt | 3rd sing. | oli kitkenyt | ei ollut kitkenyt | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | kitkimme | emme kitkeneet | 1st plur. | olimme kitkeneet | emme olleet kitkeneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | kitkitte | ette kitkeneet | 2nd plur. | olitte kitkeneet | ette olleet kitkeneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | kitkivät | eivät kitkeneet | 3rd plur. | olivat kitkeneet | eivät olleet kitkeneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | kitkettiin | ei kitketty | passive | oli kitketty | ei ollut kitketty | ||||||||||||||||
| conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | kitkisin | en kitkisi | 1st sing. | olisin kitkenyt | en olisi kitkenyt | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | kitkisit | et kitkisi | 2nd sing. | olisit kitkenyt | et olisi kitkenyt | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | kitkisi | ei kitkisi | 3rd sing. | olisi kitkenyt | ei olisi kitkenyt | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | kitkisimme | emme kitkisi | 1st plur. | olisimme kitkeneet | emme olisi kitkeneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | kitkisitte | ette kitkisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte kitkeneet | ette olisi kitkeneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | kitkisivät | eivät kitkisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat kitkeneet | eivät olisi kitkeneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | kitkettäisiin | ei kitkettäisi | passive | olisi kitketty | ei olisi kitketty | ||||||||||||||||
| imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | kitke | älä kitke | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | kitkeköön | älköön kitkekö | 3rd sing. | olkoon kitkenyt | älköön olko kitkenyt | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | kitkekäämme | älkäämme kitkekö | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | kitkekää | älkää kitkekö | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | kitkekööt | älkööt kitkekö | 3rd plur. | olkoot kitkeneet | älkööt olko kitkeneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | kitkettäköön | älköön kitkettäkö | passive | olkoon kitketty | älköön olko kitketty | ||||||||||||||||
| potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | kitkenen | en kitkene | 1st sing. | lienen kitkenyt | en liene kitkenyt | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | kitkenet | et kitkene | 2nd sing. | lienet kitkenyt | et liene kitkenyt | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | kitkenee | ei kitkene | 3rd sing. | lienee kitkenyt | ei liene kitkenyt | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | kitkenemme | emme kitkene | 1st plur. | lienemme kitkeneet | emme liene kitkeneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | kitkenette | ette kitkene | 2nd plur. | lienette kitkeneet | ette liene kitkeneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | kitkenevät | eivät kitkene | 3rd plur. | lienevät kitkeneet | eivät liene kitkeneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | kitkettäneen | ei kitkettäne | passive | lienee kitketty | ei liene kitketty | ||||||||||||||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
| infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1st | kitkeä | present | kitkevä | kitkettävä | |||||||||||||||||
| long 1st1 |
|
past | kitkenyt | kitketty | |||||||||||||||||
| 2nd | inessive2 | kitkiessä | kitkettäessä | agent3 | kitkemä | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | kitkemätön | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | kitkien | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd | inessive | kitkemässä | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| elative | kitkemästä | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| illative | kitkemään | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| adessive | kitkemällä | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| abessive | kitkemättä | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | kitkemän | kitkettämän | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4th4 | verbal noun | kitkeminen | |||||||||||||||||||
| 5th1 |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms
Derived terms
Further reading
- “kitkeä”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
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