khula
English
Alternative forms
- khul'
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kuːˈlɑː/, enPR: ko͞o-läʹ
- Rhymes: -ɑː
See also
Northern Ndebele
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-kʊ́da.
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-kʊ́da.
Inflection
Tone HH | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukukhula | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukukhula | ukungakhuli | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | khula | -khule | |||||||
Plural | khulani | -khuleni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyakhula, ngikhula | engikhulayo, engikhula | ngikhula | angikhuli | engingakhuli | ngingakhuli | |||
2nd singular | uyakhula, ukhula | okhulayo, okhula | ukhula | awukhuli | ongakhuli | ungakhuli | |||
1st plural | siyakhula, sikhula | esikhulayo, esikhula | sikhula | asikhuli | esingakhuli | singakhuli | |||
2nd plural | niyakhula, nikhula | enikhulayo, enikhula | nikhula | anikhuli | eningakhuli | ningakhuli | |||
Class 1 | uyakhula, ukhula | okhulayo, okhula | ekhula | akakhuli | ongakhuli | engakhuli | |||
Class 2 | bayakhula, bakhula | abakhulayo, abakhula | bekhula | abakhuli | abangakhuli | bengakhuli | |||
Class 3 | uyakhula, ukhula | okhulayo, okhula | ukhula | awukhuli | ongakhuli | ungakhuli | |||
Class 4 | iyakhula, ikhula | ekhulayo, ekhula | ikhula | ayikhuli | engakhuli | ingakhuli | |||
Class 5 | liyakhula, likhula | elikhulayo, elikhula | likhula | alikhuli | elingakhuli | lingakhuli | |||
Class 6 | ayakhula, akhula | akhulayo, akhula | ekhula | awakhuli | angakhuli | engakhuli | |||
Class 7 | siyakhula, sikhula | esikhulayo, esikhula | sikhula | asikhuli | esingakhuli | singakhuli | |||
Class 8 | ziyakhula, zikhula | ezikhulayo, ezikhula | zikhula | azikhuli | ezingakhuli | zingakhuli | |||
Class 9 | iyakhula, ikhula | ekhulayo, ekhula | ikhula | ayikhuli | engakhuli | ingakhuli | |||
Class 10 | ziyakhula, zikhula | ezikhulayo, ezikhula | zikhula | azikhuli | ezingakhuli | zingakhuli | |||
Class 11 | luyakhula, lukhula | olukhulayo, olukhula | lukhula | alukhuli | olungakhuli | lungakhuli | |||
Class 14 | buyakhula, bukhula | obukhulayo, obukhula | bukhula | abukhuli | obungakhuli | bungakhuli | |||
Class 15 | kuyakhula, kukhula | okukhulayo, okukhula | kukhula | akukhuli | okungakhuli | kungakhuli | |||
Class 17 | kuyakhula, kukhula | okukhulayo, okukhula | kukhula | akukhuli | okungakhuli | kungakhuli | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngikhulile, ngikhulē | engikhulile, engikhulē | ngikhulile, ngikhulē | angikhulanga | engingakhulanga | ngingakhulanga | |||
2nd singular | ukhulile, ukhulē | okhulile, okhulē | ukhulile, ukhulē | awukhulanga | ongakhulanga | ungakhulanga | |||
1st plural | sikhulile, sikhulē | esikhulile, esikhulē | sikhulile, sikhulē | asikhulanga | esingakhulanga | singakhulanga | |||
2nd plural | nikhulile, nikhulē | enikhulile, enikhulē | nikhulile, nikhulē | anikhulanga | eningakhulanga | ningakhulanga | |||
Class 1 | ukhulile, ukhulē | okhulile, okhulē | ekhulile, ekhulē | akakhulanga | ongakhulanga | engakhulanga | |||
Class 2 | bakhulile, bakhulē | abakhulile, abakhulē | bekhulile, bekhulē | abakhulanga | abangakhulanga | bengakhulanga | |||
Class 3 | ukhulile, ukhulē | okhulile, okhulē | ukhulile, ukhulē | awukhulanga | ongakhulanga | ungakhulanga | |||
Class 4 | ikhulile, ikhulē | ekhulile, ekhulē | ikhulile, ikhulē | ayikhulanga | engakhulanga | ingakhulanga | |||
Class 5 | likhulile, likhulē | elikhulile, elikhulē | likhulile, likhulē | alikhulanga | elingakhulanga | lingakhulanga | |||
Class 6 | akhulile, akhulē | akhulile, akhulē | ekhulile, ekhulē | awakhulanga | angakhulanga | engakhulanga | |||
Class 7 | sikhulile, sikhulē | esikhulile, esikhulē | sikhulile, sikhulē | asikhulanga | esingakhulanga | singakhulanga | |||
Class 8 | zikhulile, zikhulē | ezikhulile, ezikhulē | zikhulile, zikhulē | azikhulanga | ezingakhulanga | zingakhulanga | |||
Class 9 | ikhulile, ikhulē | ekhulile, ekhulē | ikhulile, ikhulē | ayikhulanga | engakhulanga | ingakhulanga | |||
Class 10 | zikhulile, zikhulē | ezikhulile, ezikhulē | zikhulile, zikhulē | azikhulanga | ezingakhulanga | zingakhulanga | |||
Class 11 | lukhulile, lukhulē | olukhulile, olukhulē | lukhulile, lukhulē | alukhulanga | olungakhulanga | lungakhulanga | |||
Class 14 | bukhulile, bukhulē | obukhulile, obukhulē | bukhulile, bukhulē | abukhulanga | obungakhulanga | bungakhulanga | |||
Class 15 | kukhulile, kukhulē | okukhulile, okukhulē | kukhulile, kukhulē | akukhulanga | okungakhulanga | kungakhulanga | |||
Class 17 | kukhulile, kukhulē | okukhulile, okukhulē | kukhulile, kukhulē | akukhulanga | okungakhulanga | kungakhulanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngākhula | engākhula | ngākhula | angikhulanga | engingakhulanga | ngingakhulanga | |||
2nd singular | wākhula | owākhula | wākhula | awukhulanga | ongakhulanga | ungakhulanga | |||
1st plural | sākhula | esākhula | sākhula | asikhulanga | esingakhulanga | singakhulanga | |||
2nd plural | nākhula | enākhula | nākhula | anikhulanga | eningakhulanga | ningakhulanga | |||
Class 1 | wākhula | owākhula | ākhula | akakhulanga | ongakhulanga | engakhulanga | |||
Class 2 | bākhula | abākhula | bākhula | abakhulanga | abangakhulanga | bengakhulanga | |||
Class 3 | wākhula | owākhula | wākhula | awukhulanga | ongakhulanga | ungakhulanga | |||
Class 4 | yākhula | eyākhula | yākhula | ayikhulanga | engakhulanga | ingakhulanga | |||
Class 5 | lākhula | elākhula | lākhula | alikhulanga | elingakhulanga | lingakhulanga | |||
Class 6 | ākhula | ākhula | ākhula | awakhulanga | angakhulanga | engakhulanga | |||
Class 7 | sākhula | esākhula | sākhula | asikhulanga | esingakhulanga | singakhulanga | |||
Class 8 | zākhula | ezākhula | zākhula | azikhulanga | ezingakhulanga | zingakhulanga | |||
Class 9 | yākhula | eyākhula | yākhula | ayikhulanga | engakhulanga | ingakhulanga | |||
Class 10 | zākhula | ezākhula | zākhula | azikhulanga | ezingakhulanga | zingakhulanga | |||
Class 11 | lwākhula | olwākhula | lwākhula | alukhulanga | olungakhulanga | lungakhulanga | |||
Class 14 | bākhula | obākhula | bākhula | abukhulanga | obungakhulanga | bungakhulanga | |||
Class 15 | kwākhula | okwākhula | kwākhula | akukhulanga | okungakhulanga | kungakhulanga | |||
Class 17 | kwākhula | okwākhula | kwākhula | akukhulanga | okungakhulanga | kungakhulanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingakhula | — | ngingakhula | ngingekhule | — | ngingekhule | |||
2nd singular | ungakhula | — | ungakhula | ungekhule | — | ungekhule | |||
1st plural | singakhula | — | singakhula | singekhule | — | singekhule | |||
2nd plural | ningakhula | — | ningakhula | ningekhule | — | ningekhule | |||
Class 1 | angakhula | — | engakhula | angekhule | — | engekhule | |||
Class 2 | bangakhula | — | bengakhula | bangekhule | — | bengekhule | |||
Class 3 | ungakhula | — | ungakhula | ungekhule | — | ungekhule | |||
Class 4 | ingakhula | — | ingakhula | ingekhule | — | ingekhule | |||
Class 5 | lingakhula | — | lingakhula | lingekhule | — | lingekhule | |||
Class 6 | angakhula | — | engakhula | angekhule | — | engekhule | |||
Class 7 | singakhula | — | singakhula | singekhule | — | singekhule | |||
Class 8 | zingakhula | — | zingakhula | zingekhule | — | zingekhule | |||
Class 9 | ingakhula | — | ingakhula | ingekhule | — | ingekhule | |||
Class 10 | zingakhula | — | zingakhula | zingekhule | — | zingekhule | |||
Class 11 | lungakhula | — | lungakhula | lungekhule | — | lungekhule | |||
Class 14 | bungakhula | — | bungakhula | bungekhule | — | bungekhule | |||
Class 15 | kungakhula | — | kungakhula | kungekhule | — | kungekhule | |||
Class 17 | kungakhula | — | kungakhula | kungekhule | — | kungekhule | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizokhula | engizokhula | ngizokhula | angizukhula | engingezukhula | ngingezukhula | |||
2nd singular | uzokhula | ozokhula | uzokhula | awuzukhula | ongezukhula | ungezukhula | |||
1st plural | sizokhula | esizokhula | sizokhula | asizukhula | esingezukhula | singezukhula | |||
2nd plural | nizokhula | enizokhula | nizokhula | anizukhula | eningezukhula | ningezukhula | |||
Class 1 | uzokhula | ozokhula | ezokhula | akazukhula | ongezukhula | engezukhula | |||
Class 2 | bazokhula | abazokhula | bezokhula | abazukhula | abangezukhula | bengezukhula | |||
Class 3 | uzokhula | ozokhula | uzokhula | awuzukhula | ongezukhula | ungezukhula | |||
Class 4 | izokhula | ezokhula | izokhula | ayizukhula | engezukhula | ingezukhula | |||
Class 5 | lizokhula | elizokhula | lizokhula | alizukhula | elingezukhula | lingezukhula | |||
Class 6 | azokhula | azokhula | ezokhula | awazukhula | angezukhula | engezukhula | |||
Class 7 | sizokhula | esizokhula | sizokhula | asizukhula | esingezukhula | singezukhula | |||
Class 8 | zizokhula | ezizokhula | zizokhula | azizukhula | ezingezukhula | zingezukhula | |||
Class 9 | izokhula | ezokhula | izokhula | ayizukhula | engezukhula | ingezukhula | |||
Class 10 | zizokhula | ezizokhula | zizokhula | azizukhula | ezingezukhula | zingezukhula | |||
Class 11 | luzokhula | oluzokhula | luzokhula | aluzukhula | olungezukhula | lungezukhula | |||
Class 14 | buzokhula | obuzokhula | buzokhula | abuzukhula | obungezukhula | bungezukhula | |||
Class 15 | kuzokhula | okuzokhula | kuzokhula | akuzukhula | okungezukhula | kungezukhula | |||
Class 17 | kuzokhula | okuzokhula | kuzokhula | akuzukhula | okungezukhula | kungezukhula | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyokhula | engiyokhula | ngiyokhula | angiyukhula | engingeyukhula | ngingeyukhula | |||
2nd singular | uyokhula | oyokhula | uyokhula | awuyukhula | ongeyukhula | ungeyukhula | |||
1st plural | siyokhula | esiyokhula | siyokhula | asiyukhula | esingeyukhula | singeyukhula | |||
2nd plural | niyokhula | eniyokhula | niyokhula | aniyukhula | eningeyukhula | ningeyukhula | |||
Class 1 | uyokhula | oyokhula | eyokhula | akayukhula | ongeyukhula | engeyukhula | |||
Class 2 | bayokhula | abayokhula | beyokhula | abayukhula | abangeyukhula | bengeyukhula | |||
Class 3 | uyokhula | oyokhula | uyokhula | awuyukhula | ongeyukhula | ungeyukhula | |||
Class 4 | iyokhula | eyokhula | iyokhula | ayiyukhula | engeyukhula | ingeyukhula | |||
Class 5 | liyokhula | eliyokhula | liyokhula | aliyukhula | elingeyukhula | lingeyukhula | |||
Class 6 | ayokhula | ayokhula | eyokhula | awayukhula | angeyukhula | engeyukhula | |||
Class 7 | siyokhula | esiyokhula | siyokhula | asiyukhula | esingeyukhula | singeyukhula | |||
Class 8 | ziyokhula | eziyokhula | ziyokhula | aziyukhula | ezingeyukhula | zingeyukhula | |||
Class 9 | iyokhula | eyokhula | iyokhula | ayiyukhula | engeyukhula | ingeyukhula | |||
Class 10 | ziyokhula | eziyokhula | ziyokhula | aziyukhula | ezingeyukhula | zingeyukhula | |||
Class 11 | luyokhula | oluyokhula | luyokhula | aluyukhula | olungeyukhula | lungeyukhula | |||
Class 14 | buyokhula | obuyokhula | buyokhula | abuyukhula | obungeyukhula | bungeyukhula | |||
Class 15 | kuyokhula | okuyokhula | kuyokhula | akuyukhula | okungeyukhula | kungeyukhula | |||
Class 17 | kuyokhula | okuyokhula | kuyokhula | akuyukhula | okungeyukhula | kungeyukhula | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngikhule | ngingakhuli | |||||||
2nd singular | ukhule | ungakhuli | |||||||
1st plural | sikhule | singakhuli | |||||||
2nd plural | nikhule | ningakhuli | |||||||
Class 1 | akhule | angakhuli | |||||||
Class 2 | bakhule | bangakhuli | |||||||
Class 3 | ukhule | ungakhuli | |||||||
Class 4 | ikhule | ingakhuli | |||||||
Class 5 | likhule | lingakhuli | |||||||
Class 6 | akhule | angakhuli | |||||||
Class 7 | sikhule | singakhuli | |||||||
Class 8 | zikhule | zingakhuli | |||||||
Class 9 | ikhule | ingakhuli | |||||||
Class 10 | zikhule | zingakhuli | |||||||
Class 11 | lukhule | lungakhuli | |||||||
Class 14 | bukhule | bungakhuli | |||||||
Class 15 | kukhule | kungakhuli | |||||||
Class 17 | kukhule | kungakhuli | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngakhula | ngangakhula, angakhula, angangakhula | |||||||
2nd singular | wakhula | wangakhula, awakhula, awangakhula | |||||||
1st plural | sakhula | sangakhula, asakhula, asangakhula | |||||||
2nd plural | nakhula | nangakhula, anakhula, anangakhula | |||||||
Class 1 | wakhula | wangakhula, akakhula, akangakhula | |||||||
Class 2 | bakhula | bangakhula, abakhula, abangakhula | |||||||
Class 3 | wakhula | wangakhula, awakhula, awangakhula | |||||||
Class 4 | yakhula | yangakhula, ayakhula, ayangakhula | |||||||
Class 5 | lakhula | langakhula, alakhula, alangakhula | |||||||
Class 6 | akhula | angakhula, awakhula, awangakhula | |||||||
Class 7 | sakhula | sangakhula, asakhula, asangakhula | |||||||
Class 8 | zakhula | zangakhula, azakhula, azangakhula | |||||||
Class 9 | yakhula | yangakhula, ayakhula, ayangakhula | |||||||
Class 10 | zakhula | zangakhula, azakhula, azangakhula | |||||||
Class 11 | lwakhula | lwangakhula, alwakhula, alwangakhula | |||||||
Class 14 | bakhula | bangakhula, abakhula, abangakhula | |||||||
Class 15 | kwakhula | kwangakhula, akwakhula, akwangakhula | |||||||
Class 17 | kwakhula | kwangakhula, akwakhula, akwangakhula |
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “khula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “khula (3.9)”
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