kaapia
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *kaapidak (compare Estonian kaapima, Karelian koapie, Livonian kōpšõ, Ludian kuabita, Veps kabita), borrowed from Proto-Germanic *skabaną (“to scrape”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkɑːpiɑˣ/, [ˈkɑ̝ːpiɑ̝(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -ɑːpiɑ
- Syllabification(key): kaa‧pi‧a
Conjugation
| Inflection of kaapia (Kotus type 61*E/sallia, p-v gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | kaavin | en kaavi | 1st sing. | olen kaapinut | en ole kaapinut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | kaavit | et kaavi | 2nd sing. | olet kaapinut | et ole kaapinut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | kaapii | ei kaavi | 3rd sing. | on kaapinut | ei ole kaapinut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | kaavimme | emme kaavi | 1st plur. | olemme kaapineet | emme ole kaapineet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | kaavitte | ette kaavi | 2nd plur. | olette kaapineet | ette ole kaapineet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | kaapivat | eivät kaavi | 3rd plur. | ovat kaapineet | eivät ole kaapineet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | kaavitaan | ei kaavita | passive | on kaavittu | ei ole kaavittu | ||||||||||||||||
| past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | kaavin | en kaapinut | 1st sing. | olin kaapinut | en ollut kaapinut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | kaavit | et kaapinut | 2nd sing. | olit kaapinut | et ollut kaapinut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | kaapi | ei kaapinut | 3rd sing. | oli kaapinut | ei ollut kaapinut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | kaavimme | emme kaapineet | 1st plur. | olimme kaapineet | emme olleet kaapineet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | kaavitte | ette kaapineet | 2nd plur. | olitte kaapineet | ette olleet kaapineet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | kaapivat | eivät kaapineet | 3rd plur. | olivat kaapineet | eivät olleet kaapineet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | kaavittiin | ei kaavittu | passive | oli kaavittu | ei ollut kaavittu | ||||||||||||||||
| conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | kaapisin | en kaapisi | 1st sing. | olisin kaapinut | en olisi kaapinut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | kaapisit | et kaapisi | 2nd sing. | olisit kaapinut | et olisi kaapinut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | kaapisi | ei kaapisi | 3rd sing. | olisi kaapinut | ei olisi kaapinut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | kaapisimme | emme kaapisi | 1st plur. | olisimme kaapineet | emme olisi kaapineet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | kaapisitte | ette kaapisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte kaapineet | ette olisi kaapineet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | kaapisivat | eivät kaapisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat kaapineet | eivät olisi kaapineet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | kaavittaisiin | ei kaavittaisi | passive | olisi kaavittu | ei olisi kaavittu | ||||||||||||||||
| imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | kaavi | älä kaavi | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | kaapikoon | älköön kaapiko | 3rd sing. | olkoon kaapinut | älköön olko kaapinut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | kaapikaamme | älkäämme kaapiko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | kaapikaa | älkää kaapiko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | kaapikoot | älkööt kaapiko | 3rd plur. | olkoot kaapineet | älkööt olko kaapineet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | kaavittakoon | älköön kaavittako | passive | olkoon kaavittu | älköön olko kaavittu | ||||||||||||||||
| potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | kaapinen | en kaapine | 1st sing. | lienen kaapinut | en liene kaapinut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | kaapinet | et kaapine | 2nd sing. | lienet kaapinut | et liene kaapinut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | kaapinee | ei kaapine | 3rd sing. | lienee kaapinut | ei liene kaapinut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | kaapinemme | emme kaapine | 1st plur. | lienemme kaapineet | emme liene kaapineet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | kaapinette | ette kaapine | 2nd plur. | lienette kaapineet | ette liene kaapineet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | kaapinevat | eivät kaapine | 3rd plur. | lienevät kaapineet | eivät liene kaapineet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | kaavittaneen | ei kaavittane | passive | lienee kaavittu | ei liene kaavittu | ||||||||||||||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
| infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1st | kaapia | present | kaapiva | kaavittava | |||||||||||||||||
| long 1st1 |
|
past | kaapinut | kaavittu | |||||||||||||||||
| 2nd | inessive2 | kaapiessa | kaavittaessa | agent3 | kaapima | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | kaapimaton | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | kaapien | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd | inessive | kaapimassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| elative | kaapimasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| illative | kaapimaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| adessive | kaapimalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| abessive | kaapimatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | kaapiman | kaavittaman | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4th4 | verbal noun | kaapiminen | |||||||||||||||||||
| 5th1 |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Further reading
- “kaapia”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
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