jurer
French
Etymology
Inherited from Old French jurer, from Latin jūrāre, iūrāre, present active infinitive of iūrō (“swear or take an oath”), from Proto-Italic *jowezāō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʒy.ʁe/
audio (file)
Conjugation
Conjugation of jurer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | jurer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | jurant /ʒy.ʁɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | juré /ʒy.ʁe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | jure /ʒyʁ/ |
jures /ʒyʁ/ |
jure /ʒyʁ/ |
jurons /ʒy.ʁɔ̃/ |
jurez /ʒy.ʁe/ |
jurent /ʒyʁ/ |
| imperfect | jurais /ʒy.ʁɛ/ |
jurais /ʒy.ʁɛ/ |
jurait /ʒy.ʁɛ/ |
jurions /ʒy.ʁjɔ̃/ |
juriez /ʒy.ʁje/ |
juraient /ʒy.ʁɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | jurai /ʒy.ʁe/ |
juras /ʒy.ʁa/ |
jura /ʒy.ʁa/ |
jurâmes /ʒy.ʁam/ |
jurâtes /ʒy.ʁat/ |
jurèrent /ʒy.ʁɛʁ/ | |
| future | jurerai /ʒy.ʁə.ʁe/ |
jureras /ʒy.ʁə.ʁa/ |
jurera /ʒy.ʁə.ʁa/ |
jurerons /ʒy.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ |
jurerez /ʒy.ʁə.ʁe/ |
jureront /ʒy.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | jurerais /ʒy.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
jurerais /ʒy.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
jurerait /ʒy.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
jurerions /ʒy.ʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
jureriez /ʒy.ʁə.ʁje/ |
jureraient /ʒy.ʁə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | jure /ʒyʁ/ |
jures /ʒyʁ/ |
jure /ʒyʁ/ |
jurions /ʒy.ʁjɔ̃/ |
juriez /ʒy.ʁje/ |
jurent /ʒyʁ/ |
| imperfect2 | jurasse /ʒy.ʁas/ |
jurasses /ʒy.ʁas/ |
jurât /ʒy.ʁa/ |
jurassions /ʒy.ʁa.sjɔ̃/ |
jurassiez /ʒy.ʁa.sje/ |
jurassent /ʒy.ʁas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | jure /ʒyʁ/ |
— | jurons /ʒy.ʁɔ̃/ |
jurez /ʒy.ʁe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Further reading
- “jurer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Latin
Middle English
Old French
Etymology
First known attestation 842 as jurat in the Oaths of Strasbourg. From Latin jūrāre, iūrāre, present active infinitive of iūrō (“swear or take an oath”).
Verb
jurer
- to promise; to swear
- c. 1170, Christian of Troyes, Yvain ou le Chevalier au Lion:
- Jusque on li jure et fiant
C'on fera toute sa puissance[.]- Until they promised her
That they would do all they could.
- Until they promised her
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | jurer | avoir juré | |||||
| gerund | en jurant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | jurant | ||||||
| past participle | juré | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | jur | jures | jure | jurons | jurez | jurent |
| imperfect | juroie, jureie, juroe, jureve | juroies, jureies, juroes, jureves | juroit, jureit, jurot, jureve | juriiens, juriens | juriiez, juriez | juroient, jureient, juroent, jurevent | |
| preterite | jurai | juras | jura | jurames | jurastes | jurerent | |
| future | jurerai | jureras | jurera | jurerons | jureroiz, jurereiz, jurerez | jureront | |
| conditional | jureroie, jurereie | jureroies, jurereies | jureroit, jurereit | jureriiens, jureriens | jureriiez, jureriez | jureroient, jurereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | jur | jurs | jurt | jurons | jurez | jurent |
| imperfect | jurasse | jurasses | jurast | jurissons, jurissiens | jurissoiz, jurissez, jurissiez | jurassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | jure | — | jurons | jurez | — | ||
Related terms
- jureor / jurour
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