jfd

Egyptian

Etymology 1

From jfdw (“four”).

Pronunciation

Noun
if
d
N23

 m

  1. rectangle
Inflection
Declension of jfd (masculine)
singular jfd
dual jfdwj
plural jfdw

Noun
if
d		 O39S28

 m

  1. (linen) sheet
Inflection
Declension of jfd (masculine)
singular jfd
dual jfdwj
plural jfdw

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈjaːfatʼ/ → /ˈjaːfatʼ/ → /ˈʔaːfətʼ/ → /ˈʔoːfətʼ/

Verb
if
d		 D54

 3-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to flee
Inflection
Conjugation of jfd (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: jfd, geminated stem: jfdd
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
jfd
 jfdw, jfd
 jfdt
 jfd
 jfd
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
jfd
 ḥr jfd
 m jfd
 r jfd
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect jfd.n
 consecutive jfd.jn
terminative jfdt
perfective3 jfd
 obligative1 jfd.ḫr
imperfective jfd
prospective3 jfd
 potentialis1 jfd.kꜣ
subjunctive jfd
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect jfd.n
 — —
perfective jfd
 jfd
 jfd, jfdw5, jfdy5
imperfective jfd, jfdy, jfdw5
 jfd, jfdj6, jfdy6
 jfd, jfdw5
prospective jfd, jfdtj7
 jfdtj4, jfdt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
Descendants
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲱϥⲧ (ōft)

References
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 191.
  • Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 97
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