insurger

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin īnsurgere.

Pronunciation
  • Audio(file)

Verb

insurger

  1. (reflexive) to rise up, to protest (against)

Conjugation

This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written insurge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.

Conjugation of insurger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple insurger
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple insurgeant
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle insurgé
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒe/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present insurge
/ɛ̃.syʁʒ/		 insurges
/ɛ̃.syʁʒ/		 insurge
/ɛ̃.syʁʒ/		 insurgeons
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒɔ̃/		 insurgez
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒe/		 insurgent
/ɛ̃.syʁʒ/
imperfect insurgeais
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒɛ/		 insurgeais
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒɛ/		 insurgeait
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒɛ/		 insurgions
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒjɔ̃/		 insurgiez
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒje/		 insurgeaient
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒɛ/
past historic2 insurgeai
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒe/		 insurgeas
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒa/		 insurgea
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒa/		 insurgeâmes
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒam/		 insurgeâtes
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒat/		 insurgèrent
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒɛʁ/
future insurgerai
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁe/		 insurgeras
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁa/		 insurgera
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁa/		 insurgerons
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁɔ̃/		 insurgerez
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁe/		 insurgeront
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁɔ̃/
conditional insurgerais
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/		 insurgerais
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/		 insurgerait
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/		 insurgerions
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/		 insurgeriez
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁje/		 insurgeraient
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present insurge
/ɛ̃.syʁʒ/		 insurges
/ɛ̃.syʁʒ/		 insurge
/ɛ̃.syʁʒ/		 insurgions
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒjɔ̃/		 insurgiez
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒje/		 insurgent
/ɛ̃.syʁʒ/
imperfect2 insurgeasse
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒas/		 insurgeasses
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒas/		 insurgeât
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒa/		 insurgeassions
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒa.sjɔ̃/		 insurgeassiez
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒa.sje/		 insurgeassent
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒas/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — insurge
/ɛ̃.syʁʒ/		 — insurgeons
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒɔ̃/		 insurgez
/ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒe/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading
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